Choosing the Appropriate Technology for Wastewater Treatment Regarding Energy Sustainability

2018 ◽  
pp. 319-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Pereira ◽  
Inês Moura
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Energy Sustainability

DESIGN PLANNING WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT OF NATA DE COCO INDUSTRY WITH THE ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinda Rita K. Hartaja ◽  
Imam Setiadi
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Activated Sludge Process ◽  
High Level

Generally, wastewater of nata de coco industry contains suspended solids and COD were high, ranging from 90,000 mg / l. The high level of of the wastewater pollutants, resulting in nata de coco industry can not be directly disposed of its wastewater into the environment agency. Appropriate technology required in order to process the waste water so that the treated water can meet the environmental quality standards that are allowed. Designing the waste water treatment plant that is suitable and efficient for treating industrial wastewater nata de coco is the activated sludge process. Wastewater treatment using activated sludge process of conventional (standard) generally consists of initial sedimentation, aeration and final sedimentation.Keywords : Activated Sludge, Design, IPAL

Planning Replicable Small Flow Wastewater Treatment Facilities in Developing Nations

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gaber ◽  
M. Antill ◽  
W. Kimball ◽  
R. Abdel Wahab
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Development Program ◽  
The United States ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Funding Agency ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Technology Choice

The implementation of urban village wastewater treatment plants in developing countries has historically been primarily a function of appropriate technology choice and deciding which of the many needy communities should receive the available funding and priority attention. Usually this process is driven by an outside funding agency who views the planning, design, and construction steps as relatively insignificant milestones in the overall effort required to quickly better a community's sanitary drainage problems. With the exception of very small scale type sanitation projects which have relatively simple replication steps, the development emphasis tends to be on the final treatment plant product with little or no attention specifically focused on community participation and institutionalizing national and local policies and procedures needed for future locally sponsored facilities replication. In contrast to this, the Government of Egypt (GOE) enacted a fresh approach through a Local Development Program with the United States AID program. An overview is presented of the guiding principals of the program which produced the first 24 working wastewater systems including gravity sewers, sewage pumping stations and wastewater treatment plants which were designed and constructed by local entities in Egypt. The wastewater projects cover five different treatment technologies implemented in both delta and desert regions.

scholarly journals IoT Platform for Energy Sustainability in University Campuses

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 357
Author(s):  
Pedro Moura ◽  
José Ignacio Moreno ◽  
Gregorio López López ◽  
Manuel Alvarez-Campana
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Energy Sustainability ◽  
University Campuses ◽  
Iot Platform

University campuses are normally constituted of large buildings responsible for high energy demand, and are also important as demonstration sites for new technologies and systems. This paper presents the results of achieving energy sustainability in a testbed composed of a set of four buildings that constitute the Telecommunications Engineering School of the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. In the paper, after characterizing the consumption of university buildings for a complete year, different options to achieve more sustainable use of energy are presented, considering the integration of renewable generation sources, namely photovoltaic generation, and monitoring and controlling electricity demand. To ensure the implementation of the desired monitoring and control, an internet of things (IoT) platform based on wireless sensor network (WSN) infrastructure was designed and installed. Such a platform supports a smart system to control the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) and lighting systems in buildings. Furthermore, the paper presents the developed IoT-based platform, as well as the implemented services. As a result, the paper illustrates how providing old existing buildings with the appropriate technology can contribute to the objective of transforming such buildings into nearly zero-energy buildings (nZEB) at a low cost.

Behaviour of arsenic species in batch activated sludge process: biotransformation and removal

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 121-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.A. Andrianisa ◽  
A. Ito ◽  
A. Sasaki ◽  
M. Ikeda ◽  
J. Aizawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Aerobic Condition ◽  
Arsenic Species ◽  
Anoxic Condition ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Activated Sludge Process

The behaviour of As(III), As(V), MMAv and DMAv in batch activated sludge process were investigated. Experiments were carried out by using aerobic and anoxic reactors with an initial As concentration of 100 μg l−1. Under aerobic condition, As(III) was oxidized to As(V) within 9 hours, some part of MMAv was methylated to DMAv and some other part was demethylated to As(III), which in turn was immediately oxidized to As(V). Under anoxic condition, As(V) was reduced to As(III) within the same time-course. No significant transformation occurred during experiments conducted with DMAv. It was found that all reactions were biologically mediated. The overall As removal was low (<20%) during the experiments. Although a relationship seems to exist between the sludge concentration and As removal, it is concluded, under the conditions of our study, that the activated sludge process cannot remove arsenicals efficiently. However, it can control their transformations well. Thus, if associated with an appropriate technology, the activated sludge can be used for As pre-oxidation to treat As contaminated wastewaters. Finally, care must be taken on possible presence of MMAv in the influent of any wastewater treatment plant as it can be easily oxidized by the activated sludge.

Wastewater treatment and biomass production by slow rate systems using different plant species

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.E. Tzanakakis ◽  
N.V. Paranychianakis ◽  
S. Kyritsis ◽  
A.N. Angelakis
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Slow Rate ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Natural Treatment Systems ◽  
Poplar Trees ◽  
Natural Treatment

Natural treatment systems especially those based on land treatment, remain the only viable choice for wastewater treatment and reuse in small rural communities. In order to develop the appropriate technology required a slow rate (SR) systems were established at Skalani, a small village close to Iracklio, Greece. The SR systems were planted with four plant species eucalyptus, acacia, poplars and reeds to evaluate their effects on wastewater treatment and produced biomass. Systems performance were evaluated by monitoring BOD, COD, TSS, TKN, NH3-N, NO3-N, FC, and TC in soil solution and soil samples taken from the 15, 30 and 60 cm of the soil depth. The SR systems, displayed a good performance as regards COD BOD, TKN, NH3-N and bacteria removal (TC and FC). However, relatively increased values of NO3 were detected in 60 cm. In terms of plant species used, there were no significant differences in treatment efficiency among the four SR systems. Although, significant differences were observed in biomass production with acacia trees producing the greatest amount of biomass followed by reeds, while the lowest one produced by eucalyptous and poplar trees.

scholarly journals Organic, nitrogen, and phosphorus removal in hospital wastewater treatment using activated sludge and constructed wetlands

2021 ◽  
Vol 896 (1) ◽  
pp. 012076
Author(s):  
V Hanny ◽  
A M Rizal ◽  
Nasuka
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Hospital Wastewater ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus

Abstract Due to COVID-19 pandemic, hospital becomes the main and critical facility in any countries. This has also negatively affected the environment, as the wastewater discharged was also increased. Wastewater treatment plant in the hospital will also be affected as there will be fluctuations in volume and quality of wastewater. Hence there is an urgency to choose the appropriate technology as main solution and to improve existing wastewater treatment plant. We will report the performance of integrated system of activated sludge and constructed wetlands applied in a hospital wastewater treatment plant. Both technologies were chosen because they are simple, cheap, and highly effective technologies for wastewater treatment. Activated sludge was able to reduce organic, ammonia, and phosphat content significantly. However, the quality of effluent was still not able to meet the regulation. Application of constructed wetlands as finishing treatment was able to improve the quality of effluent to meet the standard and resulted in BOD, COD, ammonia, and phosphate of 25 mg/L, 24.18 mg/L, <0.01 mg/L, and 0.46 mg/L, respectively. Hence it can be concluded that the integration of activated sludge and constructed wetlands can be an appropriate and effortless treatment system for low-strength wastewater to meet a strict quality standard.

scholarly journals CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 395-417
Author(s):  
Luna Al Hadidi
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Crushed Rock ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Natural Wetlands

Constructed wetlands are wastewater treatment systems composed of one or more treatment cells in a building designed and constructed to provide wastewater treatment. Constructed wetlands are classified into two types: free water surface (FWS) wetlands (also known as surface flow wetlands) closely resemble natural wetlands in appearance because they contain aquatic plants that are rooted in a soil layer on the bottom of the wetland and water flows through the leaves and stems of plants. Subsurface flow wetlands (SSF) or known as a vegetated submerged bed (VSB) systems do not resemble natural wetlands because they have no standing water. They contain a bed of media (such as crushed rock, small stones, gravel, sand, or soil) that has been planted with aquatic plants. When properly designed and operated, wastewater stays beneath the surface of the media, flows in contact with the roots and rhizomes of the plants, and is not visible or available to wildlife. Constructed wetlands are an appropriate technology for areas where inexpensive land is generally available and skilled labor is less available. In this paper, a comprehensive review covered types, characteristics, design variation and considerations, limitations, and the advantages and disadvantages of constructed wetlands.

Sustainability assessment of tertiary wastewater treatment technologies: a multi-criteria analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 1532-1540 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. V. Plakas ◽  
A. A. Georgiadis ◽  
A. J. Karabelas
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sustainability Assessment ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Activated Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Sustainability Performance ◽  
Assessment Approach ◽  
Multi Criteria Analysis

The multi-criteria analysis gives the opportunity to researchers, designers and decision-makers to examine decision options in a multi-dimensional fashion. On this basis, four tertiary wastewater treatment (WWT) technologies were assessed regarding their sustainability performance in producing recycled wastewater, considering a ‘triple bottom line’ approach (i.e. economic, environmental, and social). These are powdered activated carbon adsorption coupled with ultrafiltration membrane separation (PAC-UF), reverse osmosis, ozone/ultraviolet-light oxidation and heterogeneous photo-catalysis coupled with low-pressure membrane separation (photocatalytic membrane reactor, PMR). The participatory method called simple multi-attribute rating technique exploiting ranks was employed for assigning weights to selected sustainability indicators. This sustainability assessment approach resulted in the development of a composite index as a final metric, for each WWT technology evaluated. The PAC-UF technology appears to be the most appropriate technology, attaining the highest composite value regarding the sustainability performance. A scenario analysis confirmed the results of the original scenario in five out of seven cases. In parallel, the PMR was highlighted as the technology with the least variability in its performance. Nevertheless, additional actions and approaches are proposed to strengthen the objectivity of the final results.

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