scholarly journals IoT Platform for Energy Sustainability in University Campuses

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 357
Author(s):  
Pedro Moura ◽  
José Ignacio Moreno ◽  
Gregorio López López ◽  
Manuel Alvarez-Campana
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Energy Sustainability ◽  
University Campuses ◽  
Iot Platform

University campuses are normally constituted of large buildings responsible for high energy demand, and are also important as demonstration sites for new technologies and systems. This paper presents the results of achieving energy sustainability in a testbed composed of a set of four buildings that constitute the Telecommunications Engineering School of the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. In the paper, after characterizing the consumption of university buildings for a complete year, different options to achieve more sustainable use of energy are presented, considering the integration of renewable generation sources, namely photovoltaic generation, and monitoring and controlling electricity demand. To ensure the implementation of the desired monitoring and control, an internet of things (IoT) platform based on wireless sensor network (WSN) infrastructure was designed and installed. Such a platform supports a smart system to control the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) and lighting systems in buildings. Furthermore, the paper presents the developed IoT-based platform, as well as the implemented services. As a result, the paper illustrates how providing old existing buildings with the appropriate technology can contribute to the objective of transforming such buildings into nearly zero-energy buildings (nZEB) at a low cost.

A Weighted Routing Scheme for Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Manish Kumar ◽  
Rajeev Tripathi ◽  
Sudarshan Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Control Center ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Path Discovery

The WSNs replace the medium of communication from wired to wireless in industrial environment. This offer several advantages that includes easy and fast installation, low-cost maintenance and energy saving. In industrial monitoring and control application, the sensory measures should be delivered to control center in predefined deadline time, so the necessary actions may timely initiated. The geographical routing as reactive routing protocol plays a massive role for real-time packet delivery. The proposed routing protocol follows path discovery on demand basis to reduce the path discovery overhead. Moreover, the routing protocol follows weighted forwarding node selection process. This selects the shorter path over speedy reliable links for smaller deadline time and distributes the traffic over energy efficient node for larger deadline time. Through simulation, the authors demonstrate, compared to existing routing protocol the proposed routing protocol improves the packet delivery ratio along with enhanced network life while maintaining the high energy efficiency and low delivery latency.

scholarly journals A Computational Architecture for Inference of a Quantized-CNN for Detecting Atrial Fibrillation

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (32) ◽  
pp. 135-149
Author(s):  
Andrés F Jaramillo-Rueda ◽  
Laura Y Vargas-Pacheco ◽  
Carlos A Fajardo
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Portable Devices ◽  
Computational Architecture ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Level Parallelism

Atrial Fibrillation is a common cardiac arrhythmia, which is characterized by an abnormal heartbeat rhythm that can be life-threatening. Recently, researchers have proposed several Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to detect Atrial Fibrillation. CNNs have high requirements on computing and memory resources, which usually demand the use of High Performance Computing (eg, GPUs). This high energy demand is a challenge for portable devices. Therefore, efficient hardware implementations are required. We propose a computational architecture for the inference of a Quantized Convolutional Neural Network (Q-CNN) that allows the detection of the Atrial Fibrillation (AF). The architecture exploits data-level parallelism by incorporating SIMD-based vector units, which is optimized in terms of computation and storage and also optimized to perform both the convolutional and fully connected layers. The computational architecture was implemented and tested in a Xilinx Artix-7 FPGA. We present the experimental results regarding the quantization process in a different number of bits, hardware resources, and precision. The results show an accuracy of 94% accuracy for 22-bits. This work aims to be the basis for the future implementation of a portable, low-cost, and high-reliability device for the diagnosis of Atrial Fibrillation.

Structural transformation and electrochemical properties of a nanosized flower-like R-MnO2 cathode in sodium battery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
kai qiu ◽  
chao zhang ◽  
mingxia yan ◽  
shouwang zhao ◽  
hongwei fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Cathode Material ◽  
Electrochemical Properties ◽  
Structural Transformation ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Sodium Ion ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Sodium Ion Batteries

High-energy density and low cost sodium-ion batteries are being sought to meet increasing energy demand. Here, R-MnO2 is chosen as a cathode material of sodium-ion batteries owing to its low...

scholarly journals Utilization of Deep Eutectic Solvents to Reduce the Release of Hazardous Gases to the Atmosphere: A Critical Review

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Irfan Wazeer ◽  
Mohamed K. Hadj-Kali ◽  
Inas M. Al-Nashef
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Green Solvents ◽  
Hazardous Gases ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

The release of certain gases to the atmosphere is controlled in many countries owing to their negative impact on the environment and human health. These gases include carbon dioxide (CO2), sulfur oxides (SOx), nitrogen oxides (NOx), hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and ammonia (NH3). Considering the major contribution of greenhouse gases to global warming and climate change, mitigation of these gases is one of the world’s primary challenges. Nevertheless, the commercial processes used to capture these gases suffer from several drawbacks, including the use of volatile solvents, generation of hazardous byproducts, and high-energy demand. Research in green chemistry has resulted in the synthesis of potentially green solvents that are non-toxic, efficient, and environmentally friendly. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are novel solvents that upon wise choice of their constituents can be green and tunable with high biocompatibility, high degradability, and low cost. Consequently, the capture of toxic gases by DESs is promising and environmentally friendly and has attracted much attention during the last decade. Here, we review recent results on capture of these gases using different types of DESs. The effect of different parameters, such as chemical structure, molar ratio, temperature, and pressure, on capture efficiency is discussed.

Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems in Saudi Arabia

2015 ◽  
Vol 781 ◽  
pp. 284-287
Author(s):  
Hisham El Khashab ◽  
Mohammed Al Ghamedi
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Energy Problem

The continuous rise of energy demand worldwide combined with the decrease of natural resources such as fossil fuel represents a huge energy problem which facing humanity. Industry as well as consumers must rethink how to produce energy at low cost price. Renewable Energy (RE) applications and energy savings are keys to meet this challenge in a sustainable way. In the hot and sunny areas of the Arab countries, renewable sources like solar energy can play a role to slove energy problem. According to that the renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic, wind, biomass, etc… have an important role especially when the (high-tech.) new technologies can interfere. This paper investigates RE sources applications at Yanbu, Saudi Arabia, besides a simulation using HOMER software to three proposed systems newly erected in Yanbu Industrial College Renewable Energy (RE) lab. The lab represents a hybrid system, composed of PV, wind turbine, and Fuel cell systems. The cost of energy is compared in the three systems to compare the generated energy cost. This study is to evaluate the actual cost of RE sources in developing countries. The climatic variations at Yanbu that is located on the west coast of Saudi Arabia are considered.

scholarly journals Low-cost sensors for determining the impact of air quality components in workers’ health: protocol for a systematic review.

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
Maria Latournerie ◽  
Denisse Bustos ◽  
Joana Guedes
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
The Impact

Due to the disproportionate growth of the population, human needs have been changing drastically, thus breaking their expected balance with nature. Industrialization and demands of new technologies imply the application of processes that require more energy, which, used in an unsustainable way, contributes to a decrease of the air quality, affecting the quality of life and the variation in Earth's climate system. This has a serious impact on both people's health and national economies because of the increase of absenteeism and mortality rates of workers caused by diseases related to exposure to high amounts of pollutants. The increased tourism in coastal areas requires the efficient attendance of these needs as there is nowadays a great variety of activities that emit atmospheric pollutants in those areas (grills, recreational activities, transportation). A systematic review is proposed to identify the methods used in the monitoring and control of the amounts of outdoor air pollutants, specifically CO2 and PM 2.5, to determine the relationship between workers' exposure to the bad quality air in coastal areas during their working days and respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, that would allow creating programs and actions to reduce these negative effects. As a result, this systematic review protocol aims to define the criteria to develop research able to fulfill this purpose. It is based in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P) Statement.

scholarly journals From CO2 to Value-Added Products: A Review about Carbon-Based Materials for Electro-Chemical CO2 Conversion

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 351
Author(s):  
Lilian D. Ramírez-Valencia ◽  
Esther Bailón-García ◽  
Francisco Carrasco-Marín ◽  
Agustín F. Pérez-Cadenas
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Value Added ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Co2 Conversion ◽  
Faradaic Efficiency ◽  
Field Development ◽  
Carbon Based

The global warming and the dangerous climate change arising from the massive emission of CO2 from the burning of fossil fuels have motivated the search for alternative clean and sustainable energy sources. However, the industrial development and population necessities make the decoupling of economic growth from fossil fuels unimaginable and, consequently, the capture and conversion of CO2 to fuels seems to be, nowadays, one of the most promising and attractive solutions in a world with high energy demand. In this respect, the electrochemical CO2 conversion using renewable electricity provides a promising solution. However, faradaic efficiency of common electro-catalysts is low, and therefore, the design of highly selective, energy-efficient, and cost-effective electrocatalysts is critical. Carbon-based materials present some advantages such as relatively low cost and renewability, excellent electrical conductivity, and tunable textural and chemical surface, which show them as competitive materials for the electro-reduction of CO2. In this review, an overview of the recent progress of carbon-based electro-catalysts in the conversion of CO2 to valuable products is presented, focusing on the role of the different carbon properties, which provides a useful understanding for the materials design progress in this field. Development opportunities and challenges in the field are also summarized.

scholarly journals Design and Performance of Solar PV Integrated Domestic Vapor Absorption Refrigeration System

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Divya Arputham Selvaraj ◽  
Kirubakaran Victor
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Absorption Refrigeration ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Refrigeration System ◽  
Absorption Refrigeration System

The arrival of new technologies has increased the energy demand day by day and does not seem to slow down at any time soon. High energy demand is adding risk on energy depletion and cause of various environmental issues. Air conditioner, chiller, and refrigerator occupy a considerable amount of the world’s total energy usage and have also proved to be a massive contributor to various environmental impacts. This technology might sound like a luxury on the surface, but they are in high demand to achieve food security. They can also help lifesaving vaccines to reach even the isolated parts of the world. Even though solar thermal refrigeration is a popular field, this paper solely concentrates on PV integrated refrigeration. In this paper, a renewable integration technology where a solar photovoltaic system is used to supply the electrical energy required to drive an absorption cycle is studied and compared with the commercial AC absorption refrigeration system. The Coefficient of Performance (COP) of the AC and DC system was 0.18 and 0.14. The simple payback of the system is 10.2 years.

scholarly journals Nanomaterials and Energy Storage in a Glance: a Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Mustafa Abdallh ◽  
◽  
Zainab Hussain ◽  
Hamsa Thamer ◽  
Ali Abd Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Dye Sensitized Solar Cells ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Green Technologies ◽  
Sustainable Environment

The challenge to provide a powerful instrument with a high energy conversion is of a great importance to our modern society, not only in terms of conversion but in high-capacity storage derived by the increase for energy demand. In addition, the environmental impact of these new technologies to create a green and sustainable environment. One of these green technologies is the use of dye-sensitized solar cells to produce energy and lithium-ion batteries to store the generated energy. The need for high electronic mobility and high surface volume and activity, nano metal oxide was investigated as alternative or a new material in generation and conversion of energy. For this purpose, many metal oxides were explored especially Zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium oxide (TiO2) due to their electronic characteristics.

Influence of synthesis route on the morphology of SrTiO3 particles

2013 ◽  
Vol 1552 ◽  
pp. 51-57
Author(s):  
Marina M. Leite ◽  
Flavio M. Vichi
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Shape Control ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dielectric Materials ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Molten Salt Synthesis ◽  
Particle Size And Morphology ◽  
Size And Morphology

ABSTRACTThe cubic perovskite SrTiO3 is an important semiconductor oxide with a band gap of 3.2 eV. It has a wide variety of applications such as: dielectric materials, photoluminescent devices, and in photocatalysis. It is conventionally obtained by the classic solid state synthesis (SS), in which TiO2 and SrCO3 react for several hours at temperatures as high as 1200 °C. Besides the high energy demand, SS is not useful for the control of physical characteristics, such as particle size and morphology, which has become essential for some of its applications. It is known that many soft and green routes can produce SrTiO3. Among them, the hydrothermal (HT) and sol-precipitation (SP) methods, as well as the molten salt synthesis (MS) are interesting not only due to their low cost and energy use, but also because of the possibility of particle size and shape control. This study compares the size and morphology of the SrTiO3 particles obtained by these three synthetic pathways. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to compare particle size and morphology, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to confirm the perovskite formation as well as to determine the Scherrer’s particle size.

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