Social Health Records: Gaining Insights into Public Health Behaviors, Emotions, and Disease Trajectories

2017 ◽  
pp. 19-43
Author(s):  
Soon Ae Chun ◽  
James Geller ◽  
Xiang Ji
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Social Health ◽  
Health Records

Insight into the accuracy of COVID-19 beliefs predicts behavior during the pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Fischer ◽  
Nadia Said ◽  
Markus Huff
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Insight Into

Susceptibility to COVID-19 misinformation--believing false statements to be true--negatively relates to compliance with public health measures. Here, we make the prediction that metacognitive insight into the varying accuracy of own beliefs predicts compliance with recommended health behaviors, above and beyond the accuracy of these beliefs. In a national sample of German citizens, we investigate metacognitive sensitivity, the degree to which confidence differentiates correct from incorrect beliefs. Bayesian and frequentist analyses show that citizens with higher metacognitive sensitivity were more likely to adopt recommended public health measures. Importantly, this benefit of metacognitive introspection into own beliefs held controlling for the accuracy of the beliefs. The present research highlights that insight into the varying accuracy of beliefs, rather than only the beliefs themselves, relate to citizens’ behavior during the pandemic

scholarly journals Duration and distance of exposure are important predictors of transmission among community contacts of Ontario SARS cases

2007 ◽  
Vol 135 (6) ◽  
pp. 914-921 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. REA ◽  
J. LAFLÈCHE ◽  
S. STALKER ◽  
B. K. GUARDA ◽  
H. SHAPIRO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Rate Ratio ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Health Records ◽  
Duration Of Illness ◽  
Source Case ◽  
Contact Data ◽  
Single Well

SUMMARYWe report attack rates and contact-related predictors among community contacts of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) cases from the 2003 Toronto-area outbreak. Community contact data was extracted from public health records for single, well-defined exposures to a SARS case. In total, 8662 community-acquired exposures resulted in 61 probable cases; a crude attack rate of 0·70% [95% confidence interval (CI) 0·54–0·90]. Persons aged 55–69 years were at higher risk of acquiring SARS (1·14%) than those either younger (0·60%) or older (0·70%). In multivariable analysis exposures for at least 30 min at a distance of ⩽1 m increased the likelihood of becoming a SARS case 20·4-fold (95% CI 11·8–35·1). Risk related to duration of illness in the source case at time of exposure was greatest for illness duration of 7–10 days (rate ratio 3·4, 95% CI 1·9–6·1). Longer and closer proximity exposures incurred the highest rate of disease. Separate measures of time and distance from source cases should be added to minimum datasets for the assessment of interventions for SARS and other emerging diseases.

From front-line defence to back‑foot retreat: the diminishment of local government’s role in social health outcomes

2020 ◽  
pp. 347-364
Author(s):  
Michael Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Social Health ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Uk

This chapter investigates the diminishment of local government's role in social health outcomes. The 20th century led to radical improvements in public health across England and the United Kingdom (UK). Modern local government in the UK was born out of a growing concern about the links between social conditions and the state of public health. Yet while 'social determinants of health' has become a global discipline, local government has ceded its role over the last decade as its capacity has withered during the time of austerity. The COVID-19 crisis of 2020 has shown the capacity of local government to mobilise anew around public health issues, but its fundamental fiscal and constitutional weaknesses show that a new settlement is needed more than ever.

Overview—Data: Finding and Using Information

2019 ◽  
pp. 161-162
Author(s):  
Brian C. Castrucci ◽  
Don W. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Electronic Health Records ◽  
Data Sharing ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Complete Data ◽  
Community Collaboration ◽  
Health Records ◽  
Improve Health

This chapter looks at the broader picture of this section of the book which is the uses, issues, benefits, and pitfalls of data in the goal of improving community collaboration for public health benefits. This section of the book, the chapter explains, explores what is happening to build the trust and accountability necessary for partnerships in which data sharing is at the center. Data on the causes of death and disease are necessary to drive well-informed, impactful resource allocation and policy decisions. As maintaining health has become more complicated, so has the need for more complete data. Electronic health records has digitized patient encounters, creating an unprecedented volume of data on disease. But, these data alone do not provide the information needed to improve health.

scholarly journals EnCLASS: an innovative project merging 2 international surveys (HBSC/ESPAD) among French students

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Godeau ◽  
V Ehlinger ◽  
S Spilka
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
High School ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Adolescent Health ◽  
International Level ◽  
School Students ◽  
Health Promotion In Schools

Abstract Problem For two decades, France has taken part in two “competing” school-based, cross-national surveys exploring the health behaviors and well-being of adolescent (Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey, 11-13-15 year-olds) and their substance use (European School Project on Alcohol and other Drugs (ESPAD), 15-16 year-olds). Description of problem Since 2010, French data is provided at national level by grade rather than age. This allowed providing a continuous observation of health behaviors among adolescents, looking at the temporal spread of substance use and providing a better understanding of the role of school as a setting for adolescents’ health. But the difficulty of participating every 4 years in two big surveys remained. Effects of changes In 2018, France decided to conduct the 2 surveys in a unified and simultaneous way across middle- and high-school. This project is called ’National Survey in Middle- and High-school for Adolescents on Health and Substances’, EnCLASS, explicit acronym easy to pronounce and remember in French. If the main objective of “merging” these surveys is to improve the monitoring of health behaviours and substance use throughout adolescence, it also allows a significant gain regarding preparation, coordination and organization of the fieldwork, hence of overall costs, while ensuring perfect comparability of data at international level. Evolution of data visualization on substance use will be used to illustrate the challenges and improvements of such a process, based on data collected in 2018 among more than 20,000 representative secondary-school students. Lessons In addition to a greater facility of interpreting and reading findings, presenting data throughout secondary school grades improves its impact and use in a public health perspective and allowing identifying operational targets for prevention and health promotion in schools, as classes are their main settings. Key messages EnCLASS is unique in Europe, it ensures an excellent comparability of data at international level while providing an innovative national monitoring of adolescent health behavior, including drug use. Further, by its improved quality, perspective and relevance, EnCLASS can contribute to Public health policies analysis regarding school-students in France in a less expensive and better way.

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