scholarly journals ProCal: A Low-Cost and Programmable Calibration Tool for IoT Devices

2018 ◽  
pp. 88-105
Author(s):  
Chia-Chi Li ◽  
Behnam Dezfouli
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Calibration Tool

Bringing Security to The Smallest Embedded Systems

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSEPH YIU
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Embedded Systems ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Security Requirements ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Significant Challenge ◽  
Iot Devices

The increasing need for security in microcontrollers Security has long been a significant challenge in microcontroller applications(MCUs). Traditionally, many microcontroller systems did not have strong security measures against remote attacks as most of them are not connected to the Internet, and many microcontrollers are deemed to be cheap and simple. With the growth of IoT (Internet of Things), security in low cost microcontrollers moved toward the spotlight and the security requirements of these IoT devices are now just as critical as high-end systems due to:

scholarly journals Virtualizing AI at the Distributed Edge Towards Intelligent IoT Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Claudia Campolo ◽  
Giacomo Genovese ◽  
Antonio Iera ◽  
Antonella Molinaro
Keyword(s):  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Software And Hardware ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Consumer Devices ◽  
Hardware Platforms ◽  
Smart Factories

Several Internet of Things (IoT) applications are booming which rely on advanced artificial intelligence (AI) and, in particular, machine learning (ML) algorithms to assist the users and make decisions on their behalf in a large variety of contexts, such as smart homes, smart cities, smart factories. Although the traditional approach is to deploy such compute-intensive algorithms into the centralized cloud, the recent proliferation of low-cost, AI-powered microcontrollers and consumer devices paves the way for having the intelligence pervasively spread along the cloud-to-things continuum. The take off of such a promising vision may be hurdled by the resource constraints of IoT devices and by the heterogeneity of (mostly proprietary) AI-embedded software and hardware platforms. In this paper, we propose a solution for the AI distributed deployment at the deep edge, which lays its foundation in the IoT virtualization concept. We design a virtualization layer hosted at the network edge that is in charge of the semantic description of AI-embedded IoT devices, and, hence, it can expose as well as augment their cognitive capabilities in order to feed intelligent IoT applications. The proposal has been mainly devised with the twofold aim of (i) relieving the pressure on constrained devices that are solicited by multiple parties interested in accessing their generated data and inference, and (ii) and targeting interoperability among AI-powered platforms. A Proof-of-Concept (PoC) is provided to showcase the viability and advantages of the proposed solution.

scholarly journals Multi-Blockchain-Based IoT Data Processing Techniques to Ensure the Integrity of IoT Data in AIoT Edge Computing Environments

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 3515
Author(s):  
Sung-Ho Sim ◽  
Yoon-Su Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Constant Size ◽  
Computing Environments ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Cloud Servers ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
And Control

As the development of IoT technologies has progressed rapidly recently, most IoT data are focused on monitoring and control to process IoT data, but the cost of collecting and linking various IoT data increases, requiring the ability to proactively integrate and analyze collected IoT data so that cloud servers (data centers) can process smartly. In this paper, we propose a blockchain-based IoT big data integrity verification technique to ensure the safety of the Third Party Auditor (TPA), which has a role in auditing the integrity of AIoT data. The proposed technique aims to minimize IoT information loss by multiple blockchain groupings of information and signature keys from IoT devices. The proposed technique allows IoT information to be effectively guaranteed the integrity of AIoT data by linking hash values designated as arbitrary, constant-size blocks with previous blocks in hierarchical chains. The proposed technique performs synchronization using location information between the central server and IoT devices to manage the cost of the integrity of IoT information at low cost. In order to easily control a large number of locations of IoT devices, we perform cross-distributed and blockchain linkage processing under constant rules to improve the load and throughput generated by IoT devices.

Survey on DDoS Attacks and Defense Mechanisms in Cloud and Fog Computing

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepali Chaudhary ◽  
Kriti Bhushan ◽  
B.B. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Cloud Environment ◽  
Security Issue ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Ddos Attack ◽  
Iot Devices

This article describes how cloud computing has emerged as a strong competitor against traditional IT platforms by offering low-cost and “pay-as-you-go” computing potential and on-demand provisioning of services. Governments, as well as organizations, have migrated their entire or most of the IT infrastructure to the cloud. With the emergence of IoT devices and big data, the amount of data forwarded to the cloud has increased to a huge extent. Therefore, the paradigm of cloud computing is no longer sufficient. Furthermore, with the growth of demand for IoT solutions in organizations, it has become essential to process data quickly, substantially and on-site. Hence, Fog computing is introduced to overcome these drawbacks of cloud computing by bringing intelligence to the edge of the network using smart devices. One major security issue related to the cloud is the DDoS attack. This article discusses in detail about the DDoS attack, cloud computing, fog computing, how DDoS affect cloud environment and how fog computing can be used in a cloud environment to solve a variety of problems.

scholarly journals Enhanced Algorithm Implementation for Low Powered IoT Devices Using Authenticator to Improve Data Integrity

Webology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (Special Issue 04) ◽  
pp. 733-751
Author(s):  
D.M. Sheeba
Keyword(s):  
Data Security ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Network Availability ◽  
Services Delivery ◽  
Encryption And Decryption ◽  
Arduino Uno ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Algorithm Implementation

Internet of Things enables many industries to connect to end customers and provide seamless products and services delivery. Due to easy access to network, availability of devices, penetration of IoT services exponentially Growing. Meanwhile, Ensuring the Data Security and Integrity of devices connected to network is paramount. In this work, we bring the efficient way of implementing Secure Algorithm for low powered devices and enhancing the encryption and decryption process. In addition to the data security, to enhance node integrity with less power, Authenticator and intermediate network manager introduced which will acts as a firewall and manager of data flow. To demonstrate the approach, same is implemented using low cost Arduino Uno, Raspberry Pi boards. Arduino Uno used to demonstrate low powered encryption process using EDIA Algorithm and raspberry pi used as nodal manager to manage the integrity of nodes in a low-powered environment. Data Security and Integrity is ensured by the way of enhanced Algorithm and Integrity through BlockChain and results are provided and discussed. Finally result and future enhancement are explained.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of QoS Management and Technical Requirements in 3GPP Standards for Cellular IoT Technologies

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 41-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valery Tikhvinskiy ◽  
Grigory Bochechka ◽  
Andrey Gryazev ◽  
Altay Aitmagambetov
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Narrow Band ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Low Latency ◽  
Qos Management ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Positive Results

Optimization of 3GPP standards that apply to cellular technologies and their adaptation to LPWAN has not led to positive results only enabling to compete on the market with the growing number non-cellular greenfield LPWAN technologies – LoRa, Sigfox and others. The need to take into consideration, during the 3GPP standard optimization phase, the low-cost segment of narrow-band IoT devices relying on such new technologies as LTE-M, NB-IoT and EC-GSM, has also led to a loss of a number of technical characteristics and functions that offered low latency and guaranteed the quality of service. The aim of this article is therefore to review some of the most technical limitations and restrictions of the new 3GPP IoT technologies, as well as to indicate the direction for development of future standards applicable to cellular IoT technologies.

A Tweakable Key Alternating Lightweight Cipher for Internet of Things

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 113-133
Author(s):  
Mary Shamala L. ◽  
Zayaraz G. ◽  
Vivekanandan K. ◽  
Vijayalakshmi V.
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Communication Protocols ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Lightweight Cryptography ◽  
Cryptographic Algorithm ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Lightweight Cipher

Internet of things (IoT) is a global network of uniquely addressable interconnected things, based on standard communication protocols. As the number of devices connected to the IoT escalates, they are becoming a likely target for hackers. Also, the limited resources of IoT devices makes the security on top of the actual functionality of the device. Therefore, the cryptographic algorithm for such devices has to be devised as small as possible. To tackle the resource constrained nature of IoT devices, this article presents a lightweight cryptography algorithm based on a single permutation and iterated Even-Mansour construction. The proposed algorithm is implemented in low cost microcontrollers, thus making it suitable for a wide range of IoT nodes.

scholarly journals DNS/DANE Collision-Based Distributed and Dynamic Authentication for Microservices in IoT †

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (15) ◽  
pp. 3292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Díaz-Sánchez ◽  
Andrés Marín-Lopez ◽  
Florina Almenárez Mendoza ◽  
Patricia Arias Cabarcos
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Property A ◽  
Domain Name ◽  
Core Networks ◽  
Secure Information ◽  
Nomadic Users ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Trapdoor Function

IoT devices provide real-time data to a rich ecosystem of services and applications. The volume of data and the involved subscribe/notify signaling will likely become a challenge also for access and core networks. To alleviate the core of the network, other technologies like fog computing can be used. On the security side, designers of IoT low-cost devices and applications often reuse old versions of development frameworks and software components that contain vulnerabilities. Many server applications today are designed using microservice architectures where components are easier to update. Thus, IoT can benefit from deploying microservices in the fog as it offers the required flexibility for the main players of ubiquitous computing: nomadic users. In such deployments, IoT devices need the dynamic instantiation of microservices. IoT microservices require certificates so they can be accessed securely. Thus, every microservice instance may require a newly-created domain name and a certificate. The DNS-based Authentication of Named Entities (DANE) extension to Domain Name System Security Extensions (DNSSEC) allows linking a certificate to a given domain name. Thus, the combination of DNSSEC and DANE provides microservices’ clients with secure information regarding the domain name, IP address, and server certificate of a given microservice. However, IoT microservices may be short-lived since devices can move from one local fog to another, forcing DNSSEC servers to sign zones whenever new changes occur. Considering DNSSEC and DANE were designed to cope with static services, coping with IoT dynamic microservice instantiation can throttle the scalability in the fog. To overcome this limitation, this article proposes a solution that modifies the DNSSEC/DANE signature mechanism using chameleon signatures and defining a new soft delegation scheme. Chameleon signatures are signatures computed over a chameleon hash, which have a property: a secret trapdoor function can be used to compute collisions to the hash. Since the hash is maintained, the signature does not have to be computed again. In the soft delegation schema, DNS servers obtain a trapdoor that allows performing changes in a constrained zone without affecting normal DNS operation. In this way, a server can receive this soft delegation and modify the DNS zone to cope with frequent changes such as microservice dynamic instantiation. Changes in the soft delegated zone are much faster and do not require the intervention of the DNS primary servers of the zone.

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