A Framework for the Visualization of Cross Sectional Data in Biomedical Research

BACKGROUND Informed consent is one of the key elements in biomedical research. The introduction of electronic informed consent can be a way to overcome many challenges related to paper-based informed consent; however, its novel opportunities remain largely unfulfilled due to several barriers. OBJECTIVE We aimed to provide an overview of the ethical, legal, regulatory, and user interface perspectives of multiple stakeholder groups in order to assist responsible implementation of electronic informed consent in biomedical research. METHODS We conducted a systematic literature search using Web of Science (Core collection), PubMed, EMBASE, ACM Digital Library, and PsycARTICLES. PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines were used for reporting this work. We included empirical full-text studies focusing on the concept of electronic informed consent in biomedical research covering the ethical, legal, regulatory, and user interface domains. Studies written in English and published from January 2010 onward were selected. We explored perspectives of different stakeholder groups, in particular researchers, research participants, health authorities, and ethics committees. We critically appraised literature included in the systematic review using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for cohort and cross-sectional studies, Critical Appraisal Skills Programme for qualitative studies, Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool for mixed methods studies, and Jadad tool for randomized controlled trials. RESULTS A total of 40 studies met our inclusion criteria. Overall, the studies were heterogeneous in the type of study design, population, intervention, research context, and the tools used. Most of the studies’ populations were research participants (ie, patients and healthy volunteers). The majority of studies addressed barriers to achieving adequate understanding when using electronic informed consent. Concerns shared by multiple stakeholder groups were related to the security and legal validity of an electronic informed consent platform and usability for specific groups of research participants. CONCLUSIONS Electronic informed consent has the potential to improve the informed consent process in biomedical research compared to the current paper-based consent. The ethical, legal, regulatory, and user interface perspectives outlined in this review might serve to enhance the future implementation of electronic informed consent. CLINICALTRIAL PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42020158979; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=158979

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Segmentation of the Haematoxylin and Eosin Stained Muscle Cell Images—A Comparative Study

Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics ◽

10.1166/jmihi.2021.3449 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1517-1526

Author(s):

Zihao Wang ◽

Liju Yin ◽

Shuai Mao ◽

Zhenzhou Wang

Keyword(s):

Comparative Study ◽

Muscle Cell ◽

Biomedical Research ◽

Muscle Cells ◽

Morphological Features ◽

Cell Segmentation ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Segmentation Methods ◽

Automatic Methods ◽

Automated Methods

The effective detection of muscle cells, the accurate counting of their numbers and the analysis of their morphological features have great importance in biomedical research. At present, the quantification of muscle cell and the computation of their cross-sectional areas (CSA) are still manual or semi-automated, and with the increase of the image number, the manual or semi-automated methods might become intractable. Hence, the automatic methods are very desirable, which motivated the developments of many muscle cell segmentation methods. In this paper, three methods, SDDM, CELLSEGM and SMASH are compared and evaluated with 100 images with over 6000 cells. The Dices computed by SDDM, CELLSEGM and SMASH are 97.38%, 89.85% and 90.08% respectively. The average differences between the calculated cross-sectional areas and the ground truths by SDDM, CELLSEGM and SMASH are 5.14%, 10.76% and 7.97% respectively.

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3029 Willingness to Engage in a Statewide Virtual Community for Biomedical Research

Journal of Clinical and Translational Science ◽

10.1017/cts.2019.229 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (s1) ◽

pp. 100-101

Author(s):

Christi Patten ◽

Milton Eder ◽

Tabetha A Brockman ◽

Deborah Hendricks ◽

Miguel Valdez Soto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Social Media ◽

Biomedical Research ◽

Online Survey ◽

Virtual Communities ◽

Virtual Community ◽

Diverse Populations ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Group Methods ◽

Study Population

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Virtual communities are an untested method to enhance community engagement in biomedical research. Our CTSA Hubs collaborated to assess receptivity to engage in a statewide Facebook (FB) group. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Cross-sectional online survey administered via iPads at the MN State Fair in 2018 to adults aged 18+ years residing in MN assessed demographics, social media use, interest in participating in a FB group for biomedical research; and open-ended questions on health topics of interest, and what would keep people engaged in this group. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Respondents (N=487) were 21% racial minorities and 65% female sex. Most (87%, n=422) had created a personal FB profile. Of these, the proportion who agreed/strongly agreed was: 57% that the FB group sounded interesting, 45% were interested in being part of it, 41% were willing to share it with others, 62% that it would allow the community’s thoughts/ideas to be heard and 59% wanted to learn about opportunities to participate in research on health topics they care about. Using content analysis, the top 3 health topics people wanted to learn about were chronic disease and prevention, wellness, and mental health. Top ways to keep people engaged were providing personable, relevant health information; and interactive bi-directional discussions. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Findings will inform development of a FB group to engage diverse populations in biomedical research.

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A study to assess the completeness of informed consent documents for biomedical research on human participants submitted to the institutional ethics committee of a tertiary care hospital

International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20195776 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 138

Author(s):

Nishanthi Anandabaskar ◽

Mourouguessine Vimal ◽

Amol Rambhau Dongre ◽

Rajendrakumar Nivaratirao Kagne

Keyword(s):

Informed Consent ◽

Biomedical Research ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Ethics Committee ◽

Essential Elements ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Ethical Guidelines ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Institutional Ethics ◽

Human Participants

Background: Informed consent is an essential pre-requisite for research on human participants. However, many studies have shown that informed consent documents (ICDs) are incomplete and lack many of the essential elements. The objective of the study was to assess the completeness of ICDs submitted to an institutional ethics committee (IEC) against the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) ethical guidelines for biomedical research on human participants.Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study. The ICDs submitted to the IEC during the period from January 2015 to December 2017 were reviewed for completeness, with the help of a checklist which is based ICMR ethical guidelines for biomedical research on human participants 2006.Results: A total of 212 ICDs were reviewed during the study period. More than 50% of the ICDs have clearly explained many of the essential elements like nature and purpose of the study (62.3%), voluntary participation (98.6%), procedures (68.9%), risks (71.2%), benefits (92.9%), alternative treatments (60.7%), maintaining confidentiality (99.1%), no loss of benefits on withdrawal from the study (87.8%) and contact details of principal investigator (99.5%). However, the other essential elements of the ICD are either not mentioned or not clearly explained.Conclusions: This study has shown that although majority of the ICDs submitted for review by the IEC have mentioned many of the essential elements, some of the elements like contact details of Chairman of IEC, future use of sample, compensation for trial related injury and provision of counseling for consent of genetics testing have not been stated.

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The outlook and assessment of biomedical research among the medical and dental students - a cross sectional study in Odisha, Eastern India.

National Journal of Community Medicine ◽

10.5455/njcm.20211005045757 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Ruchi Bhuyan ◽

Sanat Bhuyan ◽

Shruti K ◽

Dattatreya Kar ◽

Ananya Kuanar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biomedical Research ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Dental Students ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Eastern India ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical And Dental Students

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The impact of biomedical innovation on longevity and health

Nordic Journal of Health Economics ◽

10.5617/njhe.1290 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 45-57 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Frank R Lichtenberg

Keyword(s):

Biomedical Research ◽

Medical Innovation ◽

Substantial Portion ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Biomedical Innovation ◽

Research And Innovation ◽

Level Data ◽

Medical Good ◽

Two Measures ◽

The Impact

Many authors have expressed the view that a substantial portion of recent gains in longevity and health is due to biomedical research and innovation. This article describes the methodologies and findings of a number of studies based on observational data that have sought to measure the impact of biomedical innovation on the longevity and health of Americans and other populations during recent decades. Most of these studies have examined the impact of innovation in pharmaceuticals, the most research-intensive medical good or service. Two measures of medical innovation that have been used are the mean vintage of the medical goods or procedures used by an individual or population, and the number of distinct products (e.g. drugs) available for treating a condition. Longevity (e.g. time till death) is the health outcome that has been analyzed the most, but several studies have studied the impact of medical (i.e. pharmaceutical) innovation on the ability of people to work or engage in activities of daily living. Some studies have been based on cross-sectional patient-level data. Others have been based on longitudinal, region-level data; they have investigated whether regions (e.g. states) undergoing more rapid medical innovation have exhibited larger improvements in health. And some studies have been based on longitudinal, disease-level data; they have investigated whether the medical conditions undergoing more rapid innovation have exhibited larger gains in health outcomes. Innovation related to some specific major diseases (e.g. cardiovascular disease and cancer) has been investigated, but the overall impact of innovation related to other major diseases (e.g. diabetes) has not.These studies provide considerable support for the hypothesis that a substantial portion of recent gains in longevity and health is due to biomedical research and innovation. It would be desirable to apply these methods to data from developing countries.

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Socioeconomic Position and Excessive Daytime Sleepiness

10.20944/preprints202103.0484.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Imene Bendaoud

Keyword(s):

Biomedical Research ◽

Low Income ◽

Sleep Disturbances ◽

Full Time ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Children And Adolescent ◽

Part Time ◽

Full Time Employment ◽

The Relationship ◽

Final Synthesis

Objective: (1) Describe the current literature on the relationship between EDS and SEP and (2) provide recommendations for consideration of SEP in sleep medicine and biomedical research. Methods: Databases Medline/Pubmed, Web of Science, Google scholar and Scopus were screened using PRISMA guidelines and 19 articles were included in the final synthesis. Results: All studies were cross-sectional. Among these studies, 21.05% (n = 4) are focused on children and adolescent and the lasting 88.95% (n = 15) focused on adults and old people. Age ranged between 8 and 17 years old for children/adolescent and ranged from 18 until 102 years old for adults. Main SEP measures presented in these studies were education, income, perceived socioeconomic status and employment. Sample size in these studies varied from N = 90 participants until N = 33865 participants. Overall, a lower educational level, a lower income and full-time employment were associated with EDS. EDS symptoms are prevalent in women, especially those with a low income or no job; and children and adolescents with difficult living conditions or people working part-time reported more sleep disturbances. Conclusions: SEP is already considered as an important determinant for many health outcomes, but if SEP is embedded in experimental design in psychosomatic research, biomedical research and clinical practice as a constant variable regardless of outcome; it will move forward future investigations.

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Training and Development Needs Assessment in a large NIHR Biomedical Research Centre: A Survey

10.1101/2021.08.27.21261708 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Karen Bell ◽

Syed Ghulam Sarwar Shah ◽

Lorna R Henderson ◽

Vasiliki Kiparoglou

Keyword(s):

Outcome Measures ◽

Biomedical Research ◽

Training And Development ◽

Support Staff ◽

Research Centre ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Convenience Sample ◽

Oxford Biomedical Research

Objective: To assess the training and development needs of researchers and support staff affiliated to the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), one of the largest BRCs in England, and to find out about their past experiences of training. Design: A cross-sectional online questionnaire survey. Setting and Participants: A convenience sample of clinicians, nurses, midwives, allied health professionals, researchers and support staff (N=798) affiliated with the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre. Primary and secondary outcome measures: The primary outcome measure was the type of training and the secondary outcome measures were the duration, location and timing of training. Results: The response rate was 24%. Of 189 respondents, 114 were women (60%) and 75 men (40%). Respondents included research scientists (31%), medical doctors and dentists (17%), nurses and midwives (16%) and research managers and administrators (16%). Seventy-one percent respondents (n=134) reported attending at least one training activity in the last year and the most wanted training was leadership skills (25%), followed by research grant and fellowship writing (18%) and statistical analysis (16%). An ideal length of a training course was half a day (41%), whole day (25%) and 1-2 hours (22%). The most preferred time of the day for training was morning (60%) and afternoon (22%) and the favoured delivery style of training was an interactive workshop (52%), lecture/talk (25%), online (9%) and practical activities (9%). The main barriers to attending training courses were the lack of time (n-18%), work commitments (13%), and childcare responsibilities (6%). Conclusions: Translational researchers and supporting affiliates want short, easily accessible, interactive training sessions, particularly leadership training skills and grant and fellowship writing. However, practical elements are important too e.g. in a convenient location during the working day. Work commitment is the biggest obstacle in doing training.

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Perilaku diet, Aktivitas Fisik dan Tekanan Darah Pasien Hipertensi di Klinik Pratama Widuri Kabupaten Sleman: Perlukah Program Lifestyle Modification?

Health Sciences and Pharmacy Journal ◽

10.32504/hspj.v2i1.25 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 30

Author(s):

Panji Tutut Anggraeni ◽

Titiek Hidayati ◽

Mahendro Prasetyo Kusumo

Keyword(s):

Biomedical Research ◽

Random Sampling ◽

Lifestyle Modification ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Research Center ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Lifestyle Behavior ◽

Grade Ii

Hipertensi adalah suatu keadaan dimana tekanan darah sistolik ≥140 mmHg dan tekanan darah diastolik ≥90 mmHg, dengan lifestyle modification sebagai salah satu tatalaksana non farmakologis utama yang dapat meningkatkan keberhasilan terapi. Penelitian ini mempunyai tujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran perilaku diet dan aktivitas fisik pasien hipertensi di Klinik Pratama Widuri Kabupaten Sleman. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional dengan pemilihan sampel menggunakan metode simple random sampling. Total sampel sebanyak 84 responden. Kategori perilaku diet dihitung menggunakan kuesioner yang diadopsi dari Pennington Biomedical Research Center (2014), kategori aktivitas fisik dihitung menggunakan Kuesioner Baecke dan tekanan darah dihitung menggunakan spymomanometer yang telah dikalibrasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada kategori perilaku diet, responden yang memiliki perilaku diet baik sebanyak 13.1% dan responden yang memiliki perilaku diet kurang sebanyak 86.9%. Pada kategori aktivitas fisik, responden yang mempunyai aktivitas fisik ringan 70.2% dan responden yang aktivitas fisik sedang sebanyak 29,8%. Kemudian pada kategori tekanan darah, secara keseluruhan rata-rata tekanan darah pada responden adalah 153.59/90.71 mmHg yang terbagi menjadi 2 derajat yaitu hipertensi grade I (sistolik 140-159 dan/atau diastolik 90-99), hipertensi grade II (sistolik ≥160 dan/atau diastolik ≥100). Responden yang mempunyai tekanan darah tinggi grade II lebih banyak (52.4%) dibandingkan grade I (47.6%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perilaku diet dan aktivitas fisik pada pasien hipertensi di Klinik Pratama Widuri masih kurang dan memerlukan program Lifestyle Modification untuk meningkatkan lifestyle behavior dan keberhasilan terapi pada pasien hipertensi.

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