Biased Voting and the Democratic Primary Problem

2008 ◽  
pp. 639-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Kearns ◽  
Jinsong Tan
Keyword(s):  
Primary Problem

The Labeling Problem in Aphasia

1986 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey L. Holland ◽  
Davida Fromm ◽  
Carol S. Swindell
Keyword(s):  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Case Description ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Poor Agreement ◽  
Motor Speech ◽  
Motor Speech Disorders ◽  
Communication Difficulties ◽  
Token Test ◽  
Primary Problem

Twenty-five "experts" on neurogenic motor speech disorders participated in a tutorial exercise. Each was given information on M, a patient who had communication difficulties as the result of stroke, and asked to complete a questionnaire about his problem. The information included a detailed case description, an audiotape of M's speech obtained at 4, 9, 13, and 17 days post-stroke, and test results from the Western Aphasia Battery, the Token Test, and a battery for apraxia of speech. The experts were in excellent agreement on M's primary problem, although it was called by seven different names. The experts were in poor agreement on his secondary problem(s), e.g., the presence and type of aphasia and dysarthria. The results suggest that labeling is difficult, even for "experts." Furthermore, the practicing clinician needs to be sensitive to the likelihood of more than one coexisting problem.

scholarly journals Motion Planning for a Mobile Humanoid Manipulator Working in an Industrial Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 6209
Author(s):  
Iwona Pajak ◽  
Grzegorz Pajak
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Collision Avoidance ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Industrial Environment ◽  
Acceleration Level ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Manipulability Measure ◽  
Robotic Tasks ◽  
Primary Problem

This paper presents the usage of holonomic mobile humanoid manipulators to carry out autonomous tasks in industrial environments, according to the smart factory concept and the Industry 4.0 philosophy. The problem of transporting lengthy objects, taking into account mechanical limitations, the conditions for avoiding collisions, as well as the dexterity of the manipulator arms was considered. The primary problem was divided into three phases, leading to three different types of robotic tasks. In the proposed approach, the pseudoinverse Jacobian method at the acceleration level to solve each of the tasks was used. The redundant degrees of freedom were used to satisfy secondary objectives such as robot kinetic energy, the maximization of the manipulability measure, and the fulfillment mechanical and collision-avoidance limitations. A computer example involving a mobile humanoid manipulator, operating in an industrial environment, illustrated the effectiveness of the proposed method.

The Right to Be Right: Civil-Military Relations and the Iraq Surge Decision

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 87-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter D. Feaver
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Civil Military Relations ◽  
Military Commanders ◽  
The Right ◽  
Military Relations ◽  
The Military ◽  
President Bush ◽  
Primary Problem ◽  
Better Than

President George W. Bush's Iraq surge decision in late 2006 is an interesting case for civil-military relations theory, in particular, the debate between professional supremacists and civilian supremacists over how much to defer to the military on decisions during war. The professional supremacists argue that the primary problem for civil-military relations during war is ensuring the military an adequate voice and keeping civilians from micromanaging and mismanaging matters. Civilian supremacists, in contrast, argue that the primary problem is ensuring that well-informed civilian strategic guidance is authoritatively directing key decisions, even when the military disagrees with that direction. A close reading of the available evidence—both in published accounts and in new, not-for-attribution interviews with the key players—shows that the surge decision vindicates neither camp. If President Bush had followed the professional supremacists, there would have been no surge because his key military commanders were recommending against that option. If Bush had followed the civilian supremacists to the letter, however, there might have been a revolt of the generals, causing the domestic political props under the surge to collapse. Instead, Bush's hybrid approach worked better than either ideal type would have.

Techniques for repairing the aortic and truncal valves

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (S1) ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl L. Backer
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Innovative Strategy ◽  
The Common ◽  
Primary Problem

There are now many surgical alternatives available for repairing the aortic valve, depending on whether the primary problem is one of stenosis or insufficiency. Patients with insufficiency of the common truncal valve have a unique anatomic substrate, which in some cases allows an innovative strategy of repair not available for the typical patient with a diseased aortic valve. Surgeons should be aware that there are a large number of techniques described for repair of the aortic valve. Some of these are shown in Table 1. For repair of the truncal valve, in contrast, fewer techniques have been described. As shown in Table 2, they are significantly different than those available for repair of the aortic valve.

scholarly journals The Blessing of Israel and “the Curse of the Law” : A Study of Galatians 3:10-14

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent M Smiles
Keyword(s):  
The Law ◽  
Jewish Christians ◽  
Primary Problem

By the time he wrote Galatians, Paul was convinced that conservative Jewish-Christians were not the primary problem in the difficult debate they occasioned by their opposition to his gospel; the main problem was the Law itself and its power to require obedience to its own prescriptions. In Galatians, therefore, he turned his attack on the Law, portraying it as a “curse” on both Jews and Gentiles, the obedient and the disobedient. Paul’s critique of the Law has convinced some that Paul rejected the Jewish covenant, but the letters do not sustain that view. Paul separated the Law from the covenant, and though he abrogated the former, he never abandoned the ongoing value of the latter for both Gentiles and Jews.

scholarly journals Selection of acoustic modeling unit for Tibetan speech recognition based on deep learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 336 ◽  
pp. 06014
Author(s):  
Baojia Gong ◽  
Rangzhuoma Cai ◽  
Zhijie Cai ◽  
Yuntao Ding ◽  
Maozhaxi Peng
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Speech Recognition ◽  
Experimental Verification ◽  
Character Segmentation ◽  
Acoustic Modeling ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Primary Problem ◽  
Selection Of

The selection of the speech recognition modeling unit is the primary problem of acoustic modeling in speech recognition, and different acoustic modeling units will directly affect the overall performance of speech recognition. This paper designs the Tibetan character segmentation and labeling model and algorithm flow for the purpose of solving the problem of selecting the acoustic modeling unit in Tibetan speech recognition by studying and analyzing the deficiencies of the existing acoustic modeling units in Tibetan speech recognition. After experimental verification, the Tibetan character segmentation and labeling model and algorithm achieved good performance of character segmentation and labeling, and the accuracy of Tibetan character segmentation and labeling reached 99.98%, respectively.

Can robots without Hebbian plasticity make good models of adaptive behaviour?

2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1060-1062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jørn Hokland ◽  
Beatrix Vereijken
Keyword(s):  
Internal State ◽  
Adaptive Behaviour ◽  
Sensory Signals ◽  
Hebbian Plasticity ◽  
Primary Problem

No. Animals' primary problem is the shaping of movements, guided by and adapting to sensory signals. This requires a narrower class of biorobotic models than that spanned by Webb's dimensions and examples. We claim that all model variables and mechanisms must have real counterparts, input vectors must model known sensor fields, internal state vectors and transformations must model neurophysiological processes, and output vectors must model coordinated muscle signals.

scholarly journals Making Disciples in Croatia

Kairos ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-203
Author(s):  
Jeremy Bohall
Keyword(s):  
Jesus Christ ◽  
Spiritual Disciplines ◽  
Great Commission ◽  
Local Churches ◽  
Disciple Making ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Making Disciples ◽  
Proper Context ◽  
Primary Problem ◽  
Multiple Causes

This project explores how the Evangelical Pentecostal Church (EPC) in Croatia is making disciples of Jesus Christ today. The goal is to demonstrate that despite the worldwide and local deficit in effective disciple making, the EPC has the resources and potential to live in obedience to the Great Commission. This has been shown by looking at the historical definition of a disciple, exegeting Matthew 28:16-20, exploring the proper context of disciple-making, and interviewing several members of the EPC. Upon examination, while there are multiple causes for the lack of disciples in Croatia, the primary problem is that of what will be called naive disobedience. It will be argued that local churches in the EPC have not been taught how to properly make disciples. By presenting the importance of teaching, relationships and practicing the spiritual disciplines, it will be demonstrated that a solution to the lack of disciple-making exists within the EPC.

scholarly journals Financial Attributes, Environmental Performance, and Environmental Disclosure in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 8796
Author(s):  
Die Wu ◽  
Shuzhen Zhu ◽  
Aftab Ahmed Memon ◽  
Hafeezullah Memon
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Stock Price ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Emission Sources ◽  
Environmental Disclosure ◽  
Competitive Position ◽  
Media Reporting ◽  
Primary Problem

Contest between the international or national enterprises stimulates the formation of innovative or improved products or of well-organized processes. Nevertheless, reliance on carbon-based materials and energy emission sources has been highlighted as a primary problem of the 21st century. The current study examines the influence of carbon disclosure information (CDI), media reporting and financial influence on state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and non-state-owned enterprises (NSOEs) by using Shenzhen and Shanghai’s heavy polluting listed industries’ dataset from 2014 to 2019. By applying different data approaches, the estimated results demonstrate that the CDI level is significantly negative related to SOE compared to NSOE. The estimated results explain that media’s positive reporting offsets the additional benefits to stakeholders. While media’s negative reporting negatively influences a firm’s competitive position, it mitigates the stock price and its social value. Our results suggest that external factors are encouraging for the financial values of stakeholders, along with those of enterprises.

Beyond balance: To understand “bias,” social psychology needs to address issues of politics, power, and social perspective

2004 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Haslam ◽  
Tom Postmes ◽  
Jolanda Jetten
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Vantage Point ◽  
Social Perspective ◽  
Primary Problem

Krueger & Funder's (K&F's) diagnosis of social psychology's obsession with bias is correct and accords with similar observations by self-categorization theorists. However, the analysis of causes is incomplete and suggestions for cures are flawed. The primary problem is not imbalance, but a failure to acknowledge that social reality has different forms, depending on one's social and political vantage point in relation to a specific social context.

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