High Resolution Southwest Monsoon Reconstruction for the Past ~2,800 Years: Wind Versus Precipitation

2012 ◽  
pp. 101-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manish Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Southwest Monsoon ◽  
The Past

The Contribution of Intermediate-Voltage, High-Resolution Electron Microscopy In Materials Science: An Appraisal

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 478-479
Author(s):  
John L. Hutchison
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Optical Diffraction ◽  
The Past ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Extreme Sensitivity ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Small Metal Particles

Over the past five years or so the development of a new generation of high resolution electron microscopes operating routinely in the 300-400 kilovolt range has produced a dramatic increase in resolution, to around 1.6 Å for “structure resolution” and approaching 1.2 Å for information limits. With a large number of such instruments now in operation it is timely to assess their impact in the various areas of materials science where they are now being used. Are they falling short of the early expectations? Generally, the manufacturers’ claims regarding resolution are being met, but one unexpected factor which has emerged is the extreme sensitivity of these instruments to both floor-borne and acoustic vibrations. Successful measures to counteract these disturbances may require the use of special anti-vibration blocks, or even simple oil-filled dampers together with springs, with heavy curtaining around the microscope room to reduce noise levels. In assessing performance levels, optical diffraction analysis is becoming the accepted method, with rotational averaging useful for obtaining a good measure of information limits. It is worth noting here that microscope alignment becomes very critical for the highest resolution.In attempting an appraisal of the contributions of intermediate voltage HREMs to materials science we will outline a few of the areas where they are most widely used. These include semiconductors, oxides, and small metal particles, in addition to metals and minerals.

The Contribution of Phonon-Scattered Electrons to High-Resolution Electron Micrographs of Crystals

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-63
Author(s):  
H. Kohl
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Spherical Aberration ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Static Potential ◽  
Qualitative Comparison ◽  
The Past ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
High Resolution Images ◽  
High Resolution Electron Micrographs ◽  
Extract Information

High-Resolution Electron Microscopy is able to determine structures of crystals and interfaces with a spatial resolution of somewhat less than 2 Å. As the image is strongly dependent on instrumental parameters, notably the defocus and the spherical aberration, the interpretation of micrographs necessitates a comparison with calculated images. Whereas one has often been content with a qualitative comparison of theory with experiment in the past, one is currently striving for quantitative procedures to extract information from the images [1,2]. For the calculations one starts by assuming a static potential, thus neglecting inelastic scattering processes.We shall confine the discussion to periodic specimens. All electrons, which have only been elastically scattered, are confined to very few directions, the Bragg spots. In-elastically scattered electrons, however, can be found in any direction. Therefore the influence of inelastic processes on the elastically (= Bragg) scattered electrons can be described as an attenuation [3]. For the calculation of high-resolution images this procedure would be correct only if we had an imaging energy filter capable of removing all phonon-scattered electrons. This is not realizable in practice. We are therefore forced to include the contribution of the phonon-scattered electrons.

scholarly journals d4PDF: large-ensemble and high-resolution climate simulations for global warming risk assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayoshi Ishii ◽  
Nobuhito Mori
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Atmospheric Models ◽  
Large Ensemble ◽  
Past Climate ◽  
The Past ◽  
Climate Simulations

Abstract A large-ensemble climate simulation database, which is known as the database for policy decision-making for future climate changes (d4PDF), was designed for climate change risk assessments. Since the completion of the first set of climate simulations in 2015, the database has been growing continuously. It contains the results of ensemble simulations conducted over a total of thousands years respectively for past and future climates using high-resolution global (60 km horizontal mesh) and regional (20 km mesh) atmospheric models. Several sets of future climate simulations are available, in which global mean surface air temperatures are forced to be higher by 4 K, 2 K, and 1.5 K relative to preindustrial levels. Nonwarming past climate simulations are incorporated in d4PDF along with the past climate simulations. The total data volume is approximately 2 petabytes. The atmospheric models satisfactorily simulate the past climate in terms of climatology, natural variations, and extreme events such as heavy precipitation and tropical cyclones. In addition, data users can obtain statistically significant changes in mean states or weather and climate extremes of interest between the past and future climates via a simple arithmetic computation without any statistical assumptions. The database is helpful in understanding future changes in climate states and in attributing past climate events to global warming. Impact assessment studies for climate changes have concurrently been performed in various research areas such as natural hazard, hydrology, civil engineering, agriculture, health, and insurance. The database has now become essential for promoting climate and risk assessment studies and for devising climate adaptation policies. Moreover, it has helped in establishing an interdisciplinary research community on global warming across Japan.

A high-resolution hydrogen isotope record of behenic acid for the past 16 kyr in the northeastern United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 449 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Gao ◽  
Yongsong Huang ◽  
Bryan Shuman ◽  
W. Wyatt Oswald ◽  
David Foster
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Hydrogen Isotope ◽  
Behenic Acid ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
The Past ◽  
Isotope Record

scholarly journals Centennial mineral dust variability in high-resolution ice core data from Dome C, Antarctica

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 609-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Lambert ◽  
M. Bigler ◽  
J. P. Steffensen ◽  
M. Hutterli ◽  
H. Fischer
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Mineral Dust ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Core Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
Dust Flux ◽  
Soluble Calcium

Abstract. Ice core data from Antarctica provide detailed insights into the characteristics of past climate, atmospheric circulation, as well as changes in the aerosol load of the atmosphere. We present high-resolution records of soluble calcium (Ca2+), non-sea-salt soluble calcium (nssCa2+), and particulate mineral dust aerosol from the East Antarctic Plateau at a depth resolution of 1 cm, spanning the past 800 000 years. Despite the fact that all three parameters are largely dust-derived, the ratio of nssCa2+ to particulate dust is dependent on the particulate dust concentration itself. We used principal component analysis to extract the joint climatic signal and produce a common high-resolution record of dust flux. This new record is used to identify Antarctic warming events during the past eight glacial periods. The phasing of dust flux and CO2 changes during glacial-interglacial transitions reveals that iron fertilization of the Southern Ocean during the past nine glacial terminations was not the dominant factor in the deglacial rise of CO2 concentrations. Rapid changes in dust flux during glacial terminations and Antarctic warming events point to a rapid response of the southern westerly wind belt in the region of southern South American dust sources on changing climate conditions. The clear lead of these dust changes on temperature rise suggests that an atmospheric reorganization occurred in the Southern Hemisphere before the Southern Ocean warmed significantly.

Simulation of a heavy rainfall event during southwest monsoon using high-resolution NCUM-modeling system: a case study

2018 ◽  
Vol 131 (4) ◽  
pp. 1035-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devajyoti Dutta ◽  
A. Routray ◽  
D. Preveen Kumar ◽  
John P. George ◽  
Vivek Singh
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Southwest Monsoon ◽  
Rainfall Event ◽  
Heavy Rainfall Event ◽  
System A

The evolution of computer-based analysis of high-resolution CT of the chest in patients with IPF

2021 ◽  
pp. 20200944
Author(s):  
Lucio Calandriello ◽  
Simon LF Walsh
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Computer Technology ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Visual Interpretation ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Past ◽  
High Resolution Ct ◽  
Ct Analysis ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Fibrotic Lung Disease

In patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), there is an urgent need of biomarkers which can predict disease behaviour or response to treatment. Most published studies report results based on continuous data which can be difficult to apply to individual patients in clinical practice. Having antifibrotic therapies makes it even more important that we can accurately diagnose and prognosticate in IPF patients. Advances in computer technology over the past decade have provided computer-based methods for objectively quantifying fibrotic lung disease on high-resolution CT of the chest with greater strength than visual CT analysis scores. These computer-based methods and, more recently, the arrival of deep learning-based image analysis might provide a response to these unsolved problems. The purpose of this commentary is to provide insights into the problems associated with visual interpretation of HRCT, describe of the current technologies used to provide quantification of disease on HRCT and prognostication in IPF patients, discuss challenges to the implementation of this technology and future directions.

scholarly journals Periodicities of paleoclimate variations in the first high-resolution non-orbitally tuned grain size record of the past 1 Ma from SW Hungary and regional, global correlations

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 74-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pál Sümegi ◽  
Sándor Gulyás ◽  
Dávid Molnár ◽  
Balázs P. Sümegi ◽  
Tünde Törőcsik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
The Past
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