The Diurnal Rainfall Cycle in FGOALS

2013 ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
Weihua Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Rainfall

scholarly journals Characteristics of Diurnal Rainfall over Peatland Area of South Sumatra, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
Puad Maulana Mandailing ◽  
Wijaya Mardiansyah ◽  
Muhammad Irfan ◽  
Arsali Arsali ◽  
Iskhaq Iskandar
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
In Situ Observation ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
The South ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Late Night ◽  
Diurnal Rainfall

The peak time of rainfall occurrence over an area has certain characteristics in which the difference in time and intensity of rainfall varies depending on its location and distance from the sea. This variation can be determined based on the phase and amplitude obtained using harmonic analysis. In this study, combined data from in-situ observation, satellite remote sensing and reanalysis were used to analyze spatial and temporal variations of peak rainfall events over peatland area of the South Sumatra Province. The results show that most of the South Sumatra Province has a diurnal peak of rainfall during afternoon ranging from 16.00 to 19.00 Western Indonesian Time. In addition, the results also indicate that the analysis on the in situ data revealed seasonal variation both in amplitude and time of maximum diurnal rainfall, while the reanalysis data only indicated a weak seasonal variation on the amplitude of the diurnal rainfall. Furthermore, spatial analysis shows that the time of maximum diurnal rainfall has spatial variation. Over the ocean, the time of maximum diurnal rainfall occurs during night time/early morning. Over the lowland or coastal area, the time of maximum diurnal rainfall occurs during afternoon, while over the high altitude (mountain) it occurs during late night.

scholarly journals Resolution-Dependent Perspectives on Caribbean Hydro-Climate Change

Hydrology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Mark R. Jury
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Trade Winds ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Easterly Waves ◽  
Caribbean Islands ◽  
Diurnal Rainfall ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Value Decomposition ◽  
Summer Time

Near-surface winds around the mountainous Caribbean islands contribute to orographic lifting and thermal diurnal rainfall that requires mesoscale analysis. Here, a new perspective is presented via high-resolution satellite and reanalysis products. Singular value decomposition is applied to 5 km cold-cloud duration satellite data to understand the leading mode of seasonal hydro-climate variability and its regional controls. The spatial loadings reflect wet islands in a dry marine climate, while temporal amplitude is modulated by the large-scale zonal circulation. When summer-time trade winds weaken, daytime confluence around Caribbean islands enlarges, gathering and lifting more moisture. In addition to the static geographic forcing, transient easterly waves impart the majority of marine rainfall between June and September. Higher resolution products capture the thermal orographic effect and reveal upward trends in island rainfall and soil moisture over the satellite era, while lower resolution products miss this effect. The climate of mountainous Caribbean islands is trending toward increased runoff and soil moisture.

scholarly journals Adaptation to Extreme Hydrological Events by Javanese Society through Local Knowledge

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10373
Author(s):  
Muhamad Khoiru Zaki ◽  
Keigo Noda ◽  
Kengo Ito ◽  
Komariah Komariah ◽  
Sumani Sumani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Knowledge ◽  
Local Knowledge ◽  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Extreme Precipitation Events ◽  
Indigenous Knowledge System ◽  
Diurnal Rainfall ◽  
Extreme Hydrological Events ◽  
Precipitation Events

Understanding the effects of local knowledge on actions and decisions taken during a crisis is important; empirical studies and scientific data can be instructive to this end. This study integrated local knowledge (Pranata Mangsa) in Jawa, Indonesia, with scientific data on diurnal rainfall, extreme precipitation events, using the Local and Indigenous Knowledge System (LINKS). The results showed that Pranata Mangsa has informed aspects of agriculture including crop calendars, crop patterns, and farming activities, for over 1000 years in Jawa. Pranata Mangsa also enhances community resilience by mitigating the effects of extreme droughts; this finding was validated using scientific data.

scholarly journals Comparison of Precipitation Derived from the ECMWF Operational Forecast Model and Satellite Precipitation Datasets

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1463-1482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Kidd ◽  
Erin Dawkins ◽  
George Huffman
Keyword(s):  
Hydrological Modeling ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission ◽  
Forecast Model ◽  
Convective Systems ◽  
Mesoscale Convective ◽  
Diurnal Rainfall ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Ecmwf Model

Abstract Precipitation is an important component of the climate system, and the accurate representation of the diurnal rainfall cycle is a key test of model performance. Although the modeling of precipitation in the cooler midlatitudes has improved, in the tropics substantial errors still occur. Precipitation from the operational ECMWF forecast model is compared with satellite-derived products from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) and TRMM Precipitation Radar (PR) to assess the mean annual and seasonal diurnal rainfall cycles. The analysis encompasses the global tropics and subtropics (40°N–40°S) over a 7-yr period from 2004 to 2011. The primary aim of the paper is to evaluate the ability of an operational numerical model and satellite products to retrieve subdaily rainfall. It was found that during the first half of the analysis period the ECMWF model overestimated precipitation by up to 15% in the tropics, although after the implementation of a new convective parameterization in November 2007 this bias fell to about 4%. The ECMWF model poorly represented the diurnal cycle, simulating rainfall too early compared to the TMPA and TRMM PR products; the model simulation of precipitation was particularly poor over Indonesia. In addition, the model did not appear to simulate mountain-slope breezes well or adequately capture many of the characteristics of mesoscale convective systems. The work highlights areas for further study to improve the representation of subgrid-scale processes in parameterization schemes and improvements in model resolution. In particular, the proper representation of subdaily precipitation in models is critical for hydrological modeling and flow forecasting.

Gravity Waves and Other Mechanisms Modulating the Diurnal Precipitation over One of the Rainiest Spots on Earth: Observations and Simulations in 2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 (9) ◽  
pp. 3933-3950
Author(s):  
Johanna Yepes ◽  
John F. Mejía ◽  
Brian Mapes ◽  
Germán Poveda
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Cycle ◽  
Wrf Model ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Weather Research And Forecasting ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Additional Hypothesis ◽  
Convective Systems ◽  
Earth Observations ◽  
Diurnal Rainfall ◽  
Static Energy

ABSTRACT The diurnal cycle of precipitation and thermodynamic profiles over western Colombia are examined in new GPM satellite rainfall products, first-ever research balloon launches during 2016 over both sea and land, and numerical simulations with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. This paper evaluates the Mapes et al. mechanism for midnight–early morning coastal convection that propagates offshore: reduction of inhibition in the crests of lower-tropospheric internal waves. Shipborne balloon launches confirm the evening development of such inhibition by a warm overhang in saturation moist static energy (SMSE) near 700–800 hPa. This feature relaxes overnight, consistent with the disinhibition hypothesis for early morning rains. Over the coastal plain, soundings also show late afternoon increases in near-surface MSE large enough to predominate over the overhang’s inhibition effect, driving a second peak in the rainfall diurnal cycle. Parameterized convection simulations fail to simulate the observed coastal rainfall. Still, during a November 2016 wet spell, a cloud-permitting one-way nested 4 km simulation performs better, simulating morning coastal rainfall. In that simulation, however, early morning cooling in the 700–800 hPa layer appears mainly as a standing signal resembling the local radiative effect rather than as a propagating wave. We consider the additional hypothesis that the offshore propagation of that morning convection could involve advection or wind shear effects on organized convective systems. Strong easterlies at mountaintop level were indeed simulated, but that is one of the model’s strongest biases, so the mechanisms of the model’s partial success in simulating diurnal rainfall remain ambiguous.

Investigating the mechanisms of diurnal rainfall variability over Peninsular Malaysia using the non-hydrostatic regional climate model

2017 ◽  
Vol 130 (6) ◽  
pp. 611-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Fairudz Jamaluddin ◽  
Fredolin Tangang ◽  
Jing Xiang Chung ◽  
Liew Juneng ◽  
Hidetaka Sasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regional Climate Model ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Diurnal Rainfall

Temperature, extreme precipitation, and diurnal rainfall changes in the urbanized Jakarta city during the past 130 years

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 3207-3225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siswanto Siswanto ◽  
Geert Jan van Oldenborgh ◽  
Gerard van der Schrier ◽  
Rudmer Jilderda ◽  
Bart van den Hurk
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Temperature Extreme ◽  
The Past ◽  
Diurnal Rainfall
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