Sex Determination or Sexual Dimorphism? On Facts and Terminology

1999 ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
A. Lardon ◽  
C. Delichère ◽  
F. Monéger ◽  
I. Negrutiu
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Sex Determination

scholarly journals Gender Determination by Linear Dimension of Permanent Canine: An Odontometric Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
B Sharma ◽  
N Balaji ◽  
MK Sumathi
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Sex Determination ◽  
Linear Dimension ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Racial Background ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Natural Change ◽  
The Individual

Background and objectives: Identification, an aspect of forensic anthropology, is the recognition of an individual based on the physical characteristics unique to the individual. Among the four main attributes i.e. gender, age, stature and ethnic or racial background of an individual’s biological identity, sex determination is usually the first step in the human identification process. Teeth can be used as a means of sex determination as teeth are resistant to post-mortem degradation and survive deliberate, accidental or natural change. This study was carried out with an objective to determine the sexual dimorphism of maxillary and mandibular canine by linear tooth diameter for permanent dentition in Moradabad population. Material and Methods: A total number of 40 subjects (20 Males and 20 Females) were included in this study. After obtaining an informed written consent, alginate impression was taken with help of perforated impression trays and study models were prepared with type IV dental stone. Linear (MD, BL, Crown Height) were taken with digital vernier caliper. Results: It was observed that males’ shows more mean linear crown diameter as compared to females. Also, the mesiodistal and buccolingual measurement shows statistically significant difference for all canines, being higher for males than females. Conclusion: The present study has expressed sexual dimorphism of permanent canine using Student’s test and indicate that linear dimension of maxillary canine can be used for sexual diamorphism with accuracy along with other accepted procedure for sex determination. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmcjms.v2i1.11392   Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Sciences (2014) Vol. 2 (1): 23-27

Sex determination in ostrich (Struthio camelus) using DNA markers

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Alipanah ◽  
A. Torkamanzehi ◽  
H. Taghavi
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Sex Determination ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Struthio Camelus ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Production of bird species such as ostrich (Struthio camelus) has been gaining increasing importance in Iran as well as many other countries. Ostrich, similar to many other species of birds, lacks sexual dimorphism, making it difficult to differentiate between males and females, especially at an early age, which can be problematic in breeding programs. Recently developed molecular genetic methods that utilize polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based techniques can facilitate rapid identification of the bird’s sex in these species using a DNA sample, which can be easily extracted from blood or feather pulps. We successfully applied a PCR-based RFLP technique and sex chromosome primers for sex determination in a sample of 30 Ostrich chicks using DNA extracted from blood and feather pulps. Both DNA samples (blood and feather pulps) provided useful results. However, using feather pulps from 1-day-old chicks can provide an easy and inexpensive method for sex determination in ostrich. Key words: Ostrich (struthio camelus), sex determination, sexual dimorphism, polymerase chain reaction, RFLP

scholarly journals Transvection regulates the sex-biased expression of a fly X-linked gene

Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 371 (6527) ◽  
pp. 396-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charalampos Chrysovalantis Galouzis ◽  
Benjamin Prud’homme
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Sex Determination ◽  
Expression Pattern ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Gene Expression Patterns ◽  
Regulatory Interaction ◽  
Linked Gene ◽  
Homologous Chromosomes

Sexual dimorphism in animals results from sex-biased gene expression patterns. These patterns are controlled by genetic sex determination hierarchies that establish the sex of an individual. Here we show that the male-biased wing expression pattern of the Drosophila biarmipes gene yellow, located on the X chromosome, is independent of the fly sex determination hierarchy. Instead, we find that a regulatory interaction between yellow alleles on homologous chromosomes (a process known as transvection) silences the activity of a yellow enhancer functioning in the wing. Therefore, this enhancer can be active in males (XY) but not in females (XX). This transvection-dependent enhancer silencing requires the yellow intron and the chromatin architecture protein Mod(mdg4). Our results suggest that transvection can contribute more generally to the sex-biased expression of X-linked genes.

scholarly journals METHODS FOR DIAGNOSING THE SEX OF ADULT HUMAN BY ANATOMICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF ARYTENOID CARTILAGES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafkat R Kalimullin ◽  
Viktor N Zvyagin
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Sex Determination ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Arytenoid Cartilage ◽  
Visual Examination ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Individual

ABSTRACT. Background. One of the main issues of general personality identification is the ascertainment of the sex of impersonated or fragmented bodies. There are sporadic reports of the larynx cartilage sexual dimorphism in the forensic medical literature, among which arytenoid cartilages are absent. The publications have morphometric focus, the practical aspects of gender diagnostics are not considered, which occasion determined the purpose of this work.Aim: To develop a method for determining sex using sexually dimorphic anatomical and morphological arytenoid cartilage features of an adult. Materials and methods. The anatomical and morphological features of arytenoid cartilage from 160 males (80) and females (80) at the age from 20 to 78 years were studied. The visual examination revealed differences related to gender in 9 characteristics. The reliability of traits' sexual dimorphism was verified using the Chi-square test and proportionality coefficients.Results. The informational significance of the features was clarified and the individual observations were digitized using the formula. The possibility of sex determination by arytenoid cartilage was established in 93.75% of cases. In the remaining 6.25%, there was substantiated the conclusion that it is impossible to solve this problem using a given set of features.Conclusion. The developed method for determining gender is highly accurate and can be used in gender diagnostics in the process of a forensic medical larynx examination of a decayed or a fragmented corpse.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of the Canine Tooth as a Tool in Gender Determination in Nigerian Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter O Otuaga ◽  
Lilian Ebite Chris-Ozoko ◽  
Oghenetega Lynda Sakpoba ◽  
John Chukwuma Oyem
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Sex Determination ◽  
Canine Tooth ◽  
Maxillary Canine ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nigerian Population ◽  
Reversed Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Dental Evidence

Dental evidence has been demonstrated as a major forensic tool for the identification of individuals and sex determination. The objective of the research was to determine sex in Delta Ibo ethnic group of Nigeria using the mandibular and maxillary canine teeth. Materials and methods. The study comprised 201 (100 males and 101 females) subjects of Delta Ibo ethnicity at the age of 17 – 25 years. The mesiodistal crown width and intercanine distance of both the maxillary and mandibular canines were measured intraorally using a pair of dividers and a ruler. Unpaired T-test at a probability value of p<0.05 was used to ascertain the mean significant differences between the male and female canine indices.   Results. Study results showed a statistically significant difference between male and female mandibular and maxillary canine mesiodistal width. This implied a sexual and reversed sexual dimorphism in the studied population.        Conclusions. The study confirmed that the canines of Delta Ibos exhibit sexual dimorphism like other populations and the maxillary canine indices give the most accurate prediction in sex determination.

scholarly journals Maxillary sinus - A tool for sex determination in the Nepalese population

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-91
Author(s):  
Pankaj Kumar Singh ◽  
Ram Chandra Paudel ◽  
Ritesh G Menezes ◽  
Kishor Khanal
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Sex Determination ◽  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Rare Event ◽  
T Test ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Left Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Paired T Test

Background: In forensic science, skeletal examination is often done with primary focus on identification. Complete identification is a rare event in this type of examination. However, anthropological identification can be done in skeletal examination. Skull is the second best for determination of sex next to pelvis. Maxillary sinuses are paranasal sinuses, and a feature for sexual dimorphism which remains intact in partially charred. The study of maxillary sinus is best done on Computed Tomography.Objectives: The primary objective of this study is to evaluate bilateral maxillary sinus for sexual dimorphism using Computed Tomography.Methodology: A total of 104 CT head cases were studied of which 52 were male and 52 female. The anterior posterior length, transverse width and height of bilateral maxillary sinus were measured in male and female through their DICOM images using inbuilt electronic calliper. Descriptive analysis for mean, paired t test to compare right and left maxillary sinus in both male and female, and student t test for compare male and female were used for analysing the value measured and calculated.Results: Male maxillary sinus (Right 12.76±4.62 & Left 12.39±3.81) was found be to larger than that of female (Right 12.16±4.78 & Left 11.80±4.49). Right and left maxillary sinus of both the sexes showed no significant difference when paired t test was used. Using independent t-test showed no sexual dimorphism between the two sexes.Conclusion: Maxillary sinus is not good tool for sex determination in Nepalese population. However further studies could be done on larger population sample, as smaller sample size could be the limitation of this study.

scholarly journals The study of sexing of second metacarpal bone from Saurashtra region

2013 ◽  
Vol 02 (03) ◽  
pp. 145-149
Author(s):  
Jatin A. Chudasama ◽  
Mital M. Patel ◽  
Chintan J. Lakhani ◽  
Mayank D. Javia ◽  
Daksha Dixit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Sex Determination ◽  
Metacarpal Bone ◽  
Point Method ◽  
P Value ◽  
White Population ◽  
Effective Parameters ◽  
Metacarpal Bones ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Aim : The aim of the present study is to provide parameters of 2nd metacarpal bones for sex determination from Saurashtra populations. Material and method: Forty two pairs of 2nd metacarpal bones were measured and their dimensions were compared with the dimensions of Spanish and American white population. The mean, SD, t value and p value were calculated, and demarcating point method for sexual dimorphism was employed. Result : Mean interarticular length of 2nd metacarpal was higher in male as compared to female for both sides (right and left) and the difference was statistically highly significant. Mean anteroposterior width at base of 2nd metacarpal was higher in male as compared to female for both sides(right and left),but the difference was statistically insignificant for right side and statistically significant for left side. Conclusion: The present study showed that interarticular length and anteroposterior width at base of 2nd metacarpal are effective parameters for sex determination.

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