scholarly journals Gender Determination by Linear Dimension of Permanent Canine: An Odontometric Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
B Sharma ◽  
N Balaji ◽  
MK Sumathi
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Sex Determination ◽  
Linear Dimension ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Racial Background ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Natural Change ◽  
The Individual

Background and objectives: Identification, an aspect of forensic anthropology, is the recognition of an individual based on the physical characteristics unique to the individual. Among the four main attributes i.e. gender, age, stature and ethnic or racial background of an individual’s biological identity, sex determination is usually the first step in the human identification process. Teeth can be used as a means of sex determination as teeth are resistant to post-mortem degradation and survive deliberate, accidental or natural change. This study was carried out with an objective to determine the sexual dimorphism of maxillary and mandibular canine by linear tooth diameter for permanent dentition in Moradabad population. Material and Methods: A total number of 40 subjects (20 Males and 20 Females) were included in this study. After obtaining an informed written consent, alginate impression was taken with help of perforated impression trays and study models were prepared with type IV dental stone. Linear (MD, BL, Crown Height) were taken with digital vernier caliper. Results: It was observed that males’ shows more mean linear crown diameter as compared to females. Also, the mesiodistal and buccolingual measurement shows statistically significant difference for all canines, being higher for males than females. Conclusion: The present study has expressed sexual dimorphism of permanent canine using Student’s test and indicate that linear dimension of maxillary canine can be used for sexual diamorphism with accuracy along with other accepted procedure for sex determination. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmcjms.v2i1.11392   Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Sciences (2014) Vol. 2 (1): 23-27

scholarly journals METHODS FOR DIAGNOSING THE SEX OF ADULT HUMAN BY ANATOMICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF ARYTENOID CARTILAGES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafkat R Kalimullin ◽  
Viktor N Zvyagin
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Sex Determination ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Arytenoid Cartilage ◽  
Visual Examination ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Individual

ABSTRACT. Background. One of the main issues of general personality identification is the ascertainment of the sex of impersonated or fragmented bodies. There are sporadic reports of the larynx cartilage sexual dimorphism in the forensic medical literature, among which arytenoid cartilages are absent. The publications have morphometric focus, the practical aspects of gender diagnostics are not considered, which occasion determined the purpose of this work.Aim: To develop a method for determining sex using sexually dimorphic anatomical and morphological arytenoid cartilage features of an adult. Materials and methods. The anatomical and morphological features of arytenoid cartilage from 160 males (80) and females (80) at the age from 20 to 78 years were studied. The visual examination revealed differences related to gender in 9 characteristics. The reliability of traits' sexual dimorphism was verified using the Chi-square test and proportionality coefficients.Results. The informational significance of the features was clarified and the individual observations were digitized using the formula. The possibility of sex determination by arytenoid cartilage was established in 93.75% of cases. In the remaining 6.25%, there was substantiated the conclusion that it is impossible to solve this problem using a given set of features.Conclusion. The developed method for determining gender is highly accurate and can be used in gender diagnostics in the process of a forensic medical larynx examination of a decayed or a fragmented corpse.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of the Canine Tooth as a Tool in Gender Determination in Nigerian Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter O Otuaga ◽  
Lilian Ebite Chris-Ozoko ◽  
Oghenetega Lynda Sakpoba ◽  
John Chukwuma Oyem
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Sex Determination ◽  
Canine Tooth ◽  
Maxillary Canine ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nigerian Population ◽  
Reversed Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Dental Evidence

Dental evidence has been demonstrated as a major forensic tool for the identification of individuals and sex determination. The objective of the research was to determine sex in Delta Ibo ethnic group of Nigeria using the mandibular and maxillary canine teeth. Materials and methods. The study comprised 201 (100 males and 101 females) subjects of Delta Ibo ethnicity at the age of 17 – 25 years. The mesiodistal crown width and intercanine distance of both the maxillary and mandibular canines were measured intraorally using a pair of dividers and a ruler. Unpaired T-test at a probability value of p<0.05 was used to ascertain the mean significant differences between the male and female canine indices.   Results. Study results showed a statistically significant difference between male and female mandibular and maxillary canine mesiodistal width. This implied a sexual and reversed sexual dimorphism in the studied population.        Conclusions. The study confirmed that the canines of Delta Ibos exhibit sexual dimorphism like other populations and the maxillary canine indices give the most accurate prediction in sex determination.

scholarly journals Maxillary sinus - A tool for sex determination in the Nepalese population

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-91
Author(s):  
Pankaj Kumar Singh ◽  
Ram Chandra Paudel ◽  
Ritesh G Menezes ◽  
Kishor Khanal
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Sex Determination ◽  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Rare Event ◽  
T Test ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Left Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Paired T Test

Background: In forensic science, skeletal examination is often done with primary focus on identification. Complete identification is a rare event in this type of examination. However, anthropological identification can be done in skeletal examination. Skull is the second best for determination of sex next to pelvis. Maxillary sinuses are paranasal sinuses, and a feature for sexual dimorphism which remains intact in partially charred. The study of maxillary sinus is best done on Computed Tomography.Objectives: The primary objective of this study is to evaluate bilateral maxillary sinus for sexual dimorphism using Computed Tomography.Methodology: A total of 104 CT head cases were studied of which 52 were male and 52 female. The anterior posterior length, transverse width and height of bilateral maxillary sinus were measured in male and female through their DICOM images using inbuilt electronic calliper. Descriptive analysis for mean, paired t test to compare right and left maxillary sinus in both male and female, and student t test for compare male and female were used for analysing the value measured and calculated.Results: Male maxillary sinus (Right 12.76±4.62 & Left 12.39±3.81) was found be to larger than that of female (Right 12.16±4.78 & Left 11.80±4.49). Right and left maxillary sinus of both the sexes showed no significant difference when paired t test was used. Using independent t-test showed no sexual dimorphism between the two sexes.Conclusion: Maxillary sinus is not good tool for sex determination in Nepalese population. However further studies could be done on larger population sample, as smaller sample size could be the limitation of this study.

scholarly journals Kapalbhati changes cardiovascular parameters

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
R Nayak ◽  
S Prakash ◽  
R K Yadav ◽  
K Upadhyay-Dhungel
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Nursing Student ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

  Background and Objectives: Kapalbhati is among one of the cleansing act (shatkarma) in yogic philosophy. It is one of the popular Pranayama which has several benefits. It is highly recommended for those who have to do great deal of study and need a clean, clear mind. This study was conducted among nursing students at Janaki medical college, Janakpur, Nepal.Material and Methods: This analytical study was conducted among PCL Nursing students of Janaki Medical College, Janakpurdham, Nepal. Total 40 nursing student who gave consent and performed Kapalbhati correctly were included in the study. A detailed demographic profile with a structured questionnaire and observational checklist was filled for data collection. HR, SBP, DBP were the cardiac parameters taken. Those parameters were taken before, during, immediately after and after 1 minute, 2 minutes, 3 minutes and 5 minutes Pranayama. The data were entered in SPSS and Statistical analysis was done using version 20.Results: As in usual exercises, the HR, SBP and DBP increases significantly during Kapalbhati session but immediate post effect was surprisingly significantly fall in those parameters when compared with the value during exercises. The basal (pre-Kapalbhati) mean HR, SBP and DBP were 88.25 ± 9.02, 111.43 ± 11.28 and 73.9 ± 7.70 which increases upto 133.58 ± 35.70, 89.63 ± 23.31 and 118.55 ± 19.08 respectively during exercises and fall immediately after exercises value being 114.48 ± 21.94, 76.43 ± 15.34 and 88.6 ± 17.25 respectively.Conclusion: There is no significant difference between pre and post value of HR, SBP and DBP as in other study. There is significant rise between Pre-value and during-value of all parameters and significant fall of all parameters if compared between during-value and post-value.Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Sciences (2015) Vol. 3 (2): 43-49

scholarly journals BREAST FEEDING

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (02) ◽  
pp. 167-173
Author(s):  
TAHSEEN KAZMI ◽  
BEENISH SHAH ◽  
MASOOD UL HAQ ◽  
Syed Shahjee Husain ◽  
Tabbasum Zehra
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
National Medical ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction: Breast feeding provides complete and balanced nutrition to the baby. The survey done in 1995 by health ministry, Pakistan reported that although 94 % of the children were ever breastfed, only less than 16 % of the children were exclusively breastfed. Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practices regarding breastfeeding among undergraduate students of medical colleges of Karachi. Materials and Methods: Data Source: Female medical students from Clinical and preclinical years. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Liaquat National Medical College (LNMC) and Sir Syed College of Medical Sciences (SSCMS), Karachi. Period of study: 3 months. Material and Methods: Total 222 female students filled a multiple choice semi-structured questionnaire. Results: Out of total 222 female students 32.9% were in pre-clinical group while 67.1% were in clinical group. It was observed that educational level of the student was strongly associated with the knowledge regarding initiation of breastfeeding and age till which exclusive breastfeeding should be continued (p=0.000). Clinical group had more knowledge regarding colostrums as compare to the pre-clinical group (p=0.000). Conclusions: A significant difference was found between preclinical and clinical students regarding the knowledge of breastfeeding. In this study most students were from clinical level of undergraduate medical education which made them more aware regarding the significance of breastfeeding. 

scholarly journals ROLE OF SACRUM IN SEX DETERMINATION IN WEST BENGAL POPULATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ujwala Bhanarkar ◽  
Baishakhi Koley
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Sex Determination ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Curvature Index ◽  
Degree Of Certainty

Background: Sex classification of a bone is possible with a degree of certainty only if it can be compared to a series of bones of known sexual dimorphism. Different parameters and indices are available based on which the sex can be determined using sacrum. Thus, it always attracted the attention of the medico-legal experts for establishing the sex, because of its contribution to pelvic girdle and associated functional sex differences. Objective: Study the sexual dimorphism and regional differences of the varied features of the sacrum in West Bengal population and compare the significant anthropometric indices with similar observations across India. Material and method: The study comprised of 50 adult sacra (35 male and 15 female), obtained from the department of anatomy and department of forensic medicine of ICARE Institute of Medical Sciences and Research and Haldia Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Haldia, West Bengal. Different parameters viz. mid ventral straight length, mid ventral curved length, ventral straight breadth, transverse diameter of base, transverse diameter of body of S1, antero-posterior diameter of body of S1, breadth of alae were measured and indices viz. sacral index, longitudinal curvature index and corporobasal index were calculated and statistically analyzed. Result: Sacral index was found to be the most useful criterion for identification of sex followed by breadth of alae, corporobasal index and the ventral straight breadth. Conclusion: In the present study, out of the eleven parameters of the sacrum, seven parameters yielded statistical significance between the two sexes. Therefore, it can be concluded that sex determination of the sacrum with 100% accuracy may possible only when maximum number of parameters are taken into consideration. Keywords: Sacrum, sexual dimorphism, sacral parameters, sacral index

scholarly journals A STUDY ON CEPHALIC INDEX OF ADULT NORTH INDIAN POPULATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prem Singh ◽  
Vasundhara Kulshreshtha ◽  
Pradeep Singh ◽  
Ved Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Head Length ◽  
North Indian Population ◽  
Cephalic Index ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Head Breadth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: Cephalic index is the percentage of head breadth to head length. The index is calculated from measurement of the diameters of head (head length and head breadth). When applied to living individuals it is known as cephalic index, and when referring to dry skulls, the cranial index. This index is used as a useful anthropological tool for analysis of racial and sexual differences in a population. The present study was done to find out Cephalic Index and to study sexual dimorphism in adult North Indian population. Objective of the study was to calculate the cephalic index and to find out that the present study group belongs to which category in the classification of skull based on cephalic index and to study the sexual dimorphism in respect to cephalic index. Material & Methods: The present study comprised of 200 medical students of age group between 18 yrs. to 25 yrs. of S.N. Medical College, Agra, not having any significant disease or deformity that could have affected the general or the bony growth. Two anthropometric parameters; head length and head breadth were recorded in centimeters by using spreading caliper. With these recorded data, cephalic index was calculated for males and females separately as well as combined. Results: Mean Cephalic Index was significantly higher (p=0.03124) in females (79.350 ± 5.7157) as compared to males (77.715 ± 4.9102). Conclusion: There was a statistically significant difference in the mean of the cephalic indices of male and female students (p=0.03124). The mean cephalic index of combined population in this study was 78.533 ± 5.3776 which states that the dominant head shape among North Indians is Mesaticephalic.

The Study of Sexual Dimorphism in Lip Print Patterns Among Igbos in Anambra State of Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-244
Author(s):  
Chijioke Mmadueke Okeke ◽  
Onyechege Ann ◽  
Ukoha Ukoha Ukoha ◽  
Uchechukwu Dimkpa ◽  
Ijeoma Enemuo
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Frequent Pattern ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Significant Difference

Aim: To characterize the lip print pattern in a study population and to ascertain its potential for sex determination. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 undergraduate students (144 males and 156 females). Simple random sampling was used. Lip prints were obtained with lipstick and were classified according to Suzuki and Tsuchihashi classification. Data were analyzed with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). The prevalence of lip print patterns was presented as frequencies and percentages, and the test of significance of gender difference was done with chi-square at the 95 percent confidence interval. Result: No two lip print patterns were found to be the same. There was a significant difference in the lip print patterns of females and males. In females, the pattern with the highest frequency was type II (40.4%). This was followed by type I (36.5%), type III (13.5%), type V (7.1%), and type IV (2.6%). In males, the pattern with the highest frequency was type IV (28.5%). This was followed by type III (26.4%), types I and V (each 16.0%), and type II (13.2%). When both sexes were considered together, type II was the most frequent pattern. Conclusion: Lip print is unique to individuals and it has potential for sex determination. The most prevalent patterns in females and males were type II and type IV, respectively.

scholarly journals A study on knowledge, awareness and preventive practice about tuberculosis among medical students in Udaipur, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balaji D. More ◽  
Chintan Doshi ◽  
Vijay Baghel ◽  
Anju B. More
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
English Language ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Preventive Practice ◽  
Preventive Practices ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Visual Health

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly lethal infectious disease causing huge health burden worldwide, commonly involving the respiratory system. Medical students should also be empowered to impart awareness and reduce stigma related to TB. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether educational intervention would affect the level of TB awareness, knowledge, attitude and preventive practice of TB among medical students.Methods: The present study was carried out among the second year medical college students of Pacific Institute of Medical Sciences, Udaipur, India (n=142). A multiple-choice questionnaire of 45 questions was designed in English language, for pre- and post-tests. A 30-minute visual health education was given on TB and the assessment of knowledge, attitude and preventive practice of TB was done by a pre-test and post-test questionnaire.Results: Out of the total 150 student, 142 participated in the study making the response rate 94.66%. The total mean percentage of correct answers for TB knowledge was 48.59 (±20.44) which improved to 69.33 (±17.74) post-training. The total mean percentage of right attitude was 63.036 (±16.46) which improved to 77.06 (±15.58) post-training. The total mean percentage of correct answer for preventive practice were provided by 67.036 (±12.90) which changed to 79.50 (±12.01) post-training. There was significant difference in the knowledge, attitude and preventive practice of students in pre- and post-training tests (p=0.001).Conclusions: Our findings revealed that medical students had poor knowledge. A simple TB education session had a positive influence on knowledge, attitude and preventive practices about TB among them.

scholarly journals A study on sacral index and its uses in sex determination

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL2) ◽  
pp. 264-266
Author(s):  
Gunapriya Raghunath ◽  
Yuvaraj M ◽  
Aishwarya V ◽  
Balaji K ◽  
Karthikeyan G ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Sex Determination ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Morphometric Measurements ◽  
Spinal Nerves ◽  
The Individual

The human sacrum is a complex structure and provides accommodation for spinal nerves which stabilises the pelvis. Morphometric measurements of sacrum determine the sex of the individual. The measurement of sacral index using the sacrum bone is considered as one of the best methods for determination of sex. The aim of this study is to find out the importance of sacral index in sexual dimorphism and to compare the findings with various age groups. 100 fully ossified sacral bones were collected from department of Anatomy. Average sacral length and breadth were taken by using sliding Vernier caliper and sacral index was calculated. The obtained values were tabulated against their respective parameters and then interpreted for the study. Avergae sacral index in females (109) is significantly greater than males (94). As per present study sacral index can reliably identify 58% of male sacrum and 42% of female sacrum. It is therefore a quite reliable and significant criteria for sex determination of sacrum. Thus, regional and racial differences in sacrum along with sacral index can be used for anatomical, medico-legal and anthropological purposes.

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