Surface Morphology of Tracheal Epithelium in Vitamin A Deficiency and Reversal

1974 ◽  
pp. 257-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curtis D. Port ◽  
David W. Baxter ◽  
Curtis C. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Tracheal Epithelium

The Effects of Vitamin A and Citral on Epithelial Differentiation in vitro 1. The Chick Tracheal Epithelium

Development ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 279-291
Author(s):  
Margaret B. Aydelotte
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Epithelial Differentiation ◽  
Tracheal Epithelium ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
High Concentrations

In many animals the tracheal epithelium is one of the first tissues to respond to deficiency of vitamin A. Mori (1922a, b) in a careful study of the histological changes in vitamin A deficient rats, showed that the secretion of mucus from the tracheal epithelium and many other mucous membranes and glands was reduced, and that the secretory epithelia were gradually replaced by thicker, drier, keratinized membranes. Similar changes have been demonstrated in many other vitamin A deficient animals, including chickens (Beach, 1923; Seifried, 1930; Jungherr, 1943). Though vitamin A deficiency appears to have relatively little effect on skin and other epithelia that are normally keratinized, these epithelia change with high concentrations of vitamin A. When the vitamin was applied locally to the skin of rats (Sabella, Bern & Kahn, 1951) or administered orally in very large doses (Studer & Frey, 1949), the skin failed to keratinize normally, while the immature, non-keratinized cells proliferated rapidly and formed a thick epithelium.

Differentiation-dependent regulation of retinal dehydrogenase gene expression in the trachea

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pangala V Bhat ◽  
Thomas Bader ◽  
Paul Nettesheim ◽  
Anton M Jetten
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Squamous Metaplasia ◽  
Tracheal Epithelium ◽  
Dehydrogenase Gene ◽  
Retinal Dehydrogenase ◽  
Mucociliary Differentiation

Retinoic acid (RA), a metabolite of vitamin A, is known to be a key signaling molecule in regulating epithelial cell differentiation. We recently characterized and cloned a retinal dehydrogenase (RALDH) that catalyzes the oxidation of retinal to RA. In this study, we investigated the effects of retinoids on the level of RALDH mRNA and protein as well as RALDH activity in the trachea and cultured tracheal epithelial cells. Vitamin A deficiency induced squamous metaplasia in the tracheal epithelium and down-regulated RALDH expression. Supplementation of retinol and retinoic acid to vitamin A deficient rats restored the normal mucociliary epithelium and up-regulated the RALDH expression. In rat epithelial cells cultured in vitro, RAinhibited squamous differentiation and promoted mucociliary differentiation. Squamous differentiated cultures (RA-) expressed very low levels of RALDH mRNA, whereas mucociliary differentiated cultures (RA+) expressed high levels of RALDH mRNA. Retinal and retinol were poor inducers of mucociliary differentiation as well as RALDH expression. The RALDH expression paralleled the expression of the mucin-1 gene in mucociliary cultures. These results suggest that the expression of RALDH is dependent on the differentiation state of the airway epithelium.Key words: retinoic acid, retinal dehydrogenase, gene expression, tracheal epithelium.

Quantification of Vitamin A in Fortified Rapeseed, Groundnut and Soya Oils Using a Simple Portable Device: Comparison to High Performance Liquid Chromatography

2013 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cécile Renaud ◽  
Jacques Berger ◽  
Arnaud Laillou ◽  
Sylvie Avallone
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Portable Device ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Control Food ◽  
Assay Precision

Vitamin A deficiency is still one of the major public health problems in least developed countries. Fortification of vegetable oils is a strategy implemented worldwide to prevent this deficiency. For a fortification program to be effective, regular monitoring is necessary to control food quality in the producing units. The reference methods for vitamin A quantification are expensive and time-consuming. A rapid method should be useful for regular assessment of vitamin A in the oil industry. A portable device was compared to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for three plant oils (rapeseed, groundnut, and soya). The device presented a good linearity from 3 to 30 mg retinol equivalents per kg (mg RE.kg- 1). Its limits of detection and quantification were 3 mg RE.kg- 1 for groundnut and rapeseed oils and 4 mg RE.kg- 1 for soya oil. The intra-assay precision ranged from 1.48 % to 3.98 %, considered satisfactory. Accuracy estimated by the root mean squares error ranged from 3.99 to 5.49 and revealed a lower precision than HPLC (0.4 to 2.25). Although it offers less precision than HPLC, the device estimates quickly the vitamin A content of the tested oils from 3 or 4 to 15 mg RE.kg- 1.

Research Recommendations for Applying Vitamin A-Labelled Isotope Dilution Techniques to Improve Human Vitamin A Nutrition

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 52-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherry A. Tanumihardjo ◽  
Anura V. Kurpad ◽  
Janet R. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pool Size ◽  
Serum Retinol ◽  
Vitamin A Status ◽  
Status Assessment ◽  
Total Body

The current use of serum retinol concentrations as a measurement of subclinical vitamin A deficiency is unsatisfactory for many reasons. The best technique available for vitamin A status assessment in humans is the measurement of total body pool size. Pool size is measured by the administration of retinol labelled with stable isotopes of carbon or hydrogen that are safe for human subjects, with subsequent measurement of the dilution of the labelled retinol within the body pool. However, the isotope techniques are time-consuming, technically challenging, and relatively expensive. There is also a need to assess different types of tracers and doses, and to establish clear guidelines for the use and interpretation of this method in different populations. Field-friendly improvements are desirable to encourage the application of this technique in developing countries where the need is greatest for monitoring the risk of vitamin A deficiency, the effectiveness of public health interventions, and the potential of hypervitaminosis due to combined supplement and fortification programs. These techniques should be applied to validate other less technical methods of assessing vitamin A deficiency. Another area of public health relevance for this technique is to understand the bioconversion of β-carotene to vitamin A, and its relation to existing vitamin A status, for future dietary diversification programs.

Vitamin A deficiency is associated with disease severity in patients with liver cirrhosis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Nagel ◽  
C Labenz ◽  
M Nguyen-Tat ◽  
N Cabezas Wallscheid ◽  
C Czauderna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency

Mitral Valve Replacement in an Adult with Left Pulmonary Agenesis

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Huseyin Saskin ◽  
Mustafa Idiz ◽  
Cagri Duzyol ◽  
Huseyin Macika ◽  
Rezan Aksoy
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Valve Replacement ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Pulmonary Agenesis ◽  
Pulmonary Vessels ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Female Predominance

Pulmonary agenesis is associated with the absence of pulmonary vessels, bronchi, or parenchyma. This condition usually occurs between the 4th and 5th week of gestation during the embryonic phase. Etiopathogenic factors associated with pulmonary agenesis are not fully understood. In the literature, genetic and teratogenic factors, viral infections, and vitamin-A deficiency are shown to be associated with pulmonary agenesis [Malcon 2012]. This condition may be seen unilaterally or bilaterally. Although the precise rate of incidence is unknown, it is estimated to occur in one of every 10,000 to 12,000 live births [Yetim 2011]. There is a 1.3:1 female predominance with unilateral agenesis [Halilbasic 2013]

Retinol, α-Tocopherol and Vitamin D3 in White MuscleDisease

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 6029-2018
Author(s):  
HANDAN MERT ◽  
SERKAN YİLDİRİM ◽  
IBRAHİM HAKKİ YORUK ◽  
KİVANC IRAK ◽  
BAHAT COMBA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Muscle Disease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
White Muscle Disease ◽  
Fat Soluble Vitamins

Vitamins are essential for the health of all living organisms. Vitamins E, A, D and K are known as fat-soluble vitamins, and deprivation of vitamin E causes various disorders, especially in the reproduction and cardiovascular systems and in muscle functions. Vitamin A, on the other hand, has roles in various biological functions – like eyesight – and the growth, reproduction and differentiation of epithelial cells. Vitamin A deficiency leads to the keratinization of the epithelium, and disorders related to the metaplasies of the genital and genitourinary systems. Conversely, vitamin D is defined as a pro-hormone and is responsible for Cahomeostasis, and thus indirectly affects the bone metabolism, bone structure, and cellular and neural functions of Ca. White muscle disease (WMD) can occur in newborn lambs, but is more commonly seen in lambs of up to 3 months of age. In this study, 30 lambs of 3 to 50-days-old from different flocks diagnosed with White Muscle Disease (WMD) were selected as research material, while the control group consisted of 8 healthy lambs. With the aim of clarifying the cause of WMD, serum fat-soluble vitamins, retinol, α-tocopherol and vitamin D3 levels were determined in 16 lambs. Gluteal and heart musclet issue samples also were taken from 30 lambs with WMD. The vitamin levels of the samples were analysed by HPLC. The levels of serum α-tocopherol, retinols, and vitamin D3 were foundto be low in the diseased animals, but only retinol (p<0.001) and α-tocopherol (p<0.0011) level differences were statistically relevant. Macroscopically, Zenker’s necrosis was determined in the heart muscles of 17 lambs, and in the gluteal and chest muscles of 6 lambs. 7 lambs displayed necrosis in both their heart and in gluteal muscles. The samples were analyzed microscopically to reach similar findings: swollen homogeneous pink muscles, pycnotic nuclei, and hyperaemic and haemorrhagic blood vessels in gluteal, chest and heart muscles. Hyaline degeneration and Zenker's necrosis, dystrophic regions in necrotic areas, cc was detected as a severe disease in lambs at an early stage of life with advanced degeneration in different muscle tissues. Deficiency of fat-soluble vitamins was also detected in the sick animals. Control group lambs had higher levels of α tocopherol and retinol (p<0.001) compared to the sick lambs. .

Prevalence of iron deficiency and its association with vitamin A deficiency in preschool children

2005 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan S. Ferraz ◽  
Júlio C. Daneluzzi ◽  
Hélio Vannucchi ◽  
Alceu A. Jordão Jr. ◽  
Rubens G. Ricco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency
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