In Vitro Improvement of Potatoes: The New Zealand Approach

1987 ◽  
pp. 51-61
Author(s):  
G. C. Lindsay
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand

scholarly journals Experimental Evidence for Therapeutic Potentials of Propolis

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2528
Author(s):  
Priyanshu Bhargava ◽  
Debajit Mahanta ◽  
Ashish Kaul ◽  
Yoshiyuki Ishida ◽  
Keiji Terao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester ◽  
Candidate Drug ◽  
Brazilian Propolis ◽  
Brazilian Green Propolis

Propolis is produced by honeybees from materials collected from plants they visit. It is a resinous material having mixtures of wax and bee enzymes. Propolis is also known as bee glue and used by bees as a building material in their hives, for blocking holes and cracks, repairing the combs and strengthening their thin borders. It has been extensively used since ancient times for different purposes in traditional human healthcare practices. The quality and composition of propolis depend on its geographic location, climatic zone and local flora. The New Zealand and Brazilian green propolis are the two main kinds that have been extensively studied in recent years. Their bioactive components have been found to possess a variety of therapeutic potentials. It was found that Brazilian green propolis improves the cognitive functions of mild cognitive impairments in patients living at high altitude and protects them from neurodegenerative damage through its antioxidant properties. It possesses artepillin C (ARC) as the key component, also known to possess anticancer potential. The New Zealand propolis contains caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) as the main bioactive with multiple therapeutic potentials. Our lab performed in vitro and in vivo assays on the extracts prepared from New Zealand and Brazilian propolis and their active ingredients. We provided experimental evidence that these extracts possess anticancer, antistress and hypoxia-modulating activities. Furthermore, their conjugation with γCD proved to be more effective. In the present review, we portray the experimental evidence showing that propolis has the potential to be a candidate drug for different ailments and improve the quality of life.

scholarly journals Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkw. & Dewey - a review, and evaluation of intermediate and pubescent wheatgrass for dryland agriculture in New Zealand

1998 ◽  
pp. 233-241
Author(s):  
B.J. Wills ◽  
G.B. Douglas ◽  
J. Mckenzie ◽  
K.D. Trainor ◽  
A.G. Foote
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Thinopyrum Intermedium ◽  
Dryland Agriculture ◽  
Alternative Species ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Local Use

Intermediate and pubescent wheatgrasses (Thinopyrum intermedium) are potentially useful as dryland forage grasses in New Zealand. The recent literature on their international and local use in pasture and cropping situations is reviewed. Under semi-arid conditions at Bendigo Station over a 13-year period, cv. Luna wheatgrass has spread several metres from the original drill lines and it provides very high ground cover. In terms of dryland soil resource conservation this contrasts with adjacent cocksfoot and, to a lesser extent, lucerne plots which have wide-spaced plants interspersed with litter and much bare ground. In a mixed drilling containing wheatgrass, hairy dorycnium, birdsfoot trefoil and sheep's burnet, the first two species now dominate. At Takapau, central Hawke's Bay, annual yields from intermediate and pubescent wheatgrasses produced over 80% of the yield of 10 New Zealand cultivars in spring, summer and autumn, and 65% in the winter. Of the wheatgrasses, cv. Topar intermediate wheatgrass and a pubescent wheatgrass (unnamed line) were the lowest yielding, whereas cv. Oahe and cv. Mandan produced the highest yields. Cv. Greenleaf pubescent wheatgrass had higher foliar nitrogen content than all other species, but in vitro organic matter digestibility was less than 700 g OM/kg DM. Although the wheatgrasses had satisfactory herbage yield and nutritional value, better alternative species are available for pastoral farming in central Hawke's Bay. On Belfield in the Hakataramea Valley, cv. Rush has been the most vigorous wheatgrass for establishment and it seems to handle cold winds and frost well. Hay made from a wheatgrass/ lucerne mix is considered better than that from the individual species as this can increase production by 40-50%, depending on soil and climatic conditions. Usually only one cut per year is taken from the mixed pasture. Crop maintenance includes the application of 200 kg/ha of sulphur super extra every 3-4 years and the pH is maintained at about 5.9-6.4 by liming. A significant advantage is that no stock health, pest or plant disease problems have been noted as yet with any of the wheatgrass varieties available in New Zealand. Keywords: dryland agriculture, New Zealand, Thinopyrum, wheatgrass

scholarly journals Assessment of In Vitro Bioactivities of Polysaccharides Isolated from Hericium Novae-Zealandiae

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhixia (Grace) Chen ◽  
Karen Suzanne Bishop ◽  
Hartono Tanambell ◽  
Peter Buchanan ◽  
Siew Young Quek
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Proliferative Activity ◽  
Prostate Cancer Cell ◽  
Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Prostate Cancer Cell Lines

The objective of this study was to investigate the potential effect of the polysaccharides isolated from Hericium novae-zealandiae, a native New Zealand fungus, on the in vitro proliferation of prostate cancer cell lines, gene expression, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, and oxidation. One water-soluble and two alkali-soluble polysaccharide fractions were isolated from H. novae-zealandiae. The proliferation of the prostate cancer cell lines DU145, LNCaP, and PC3 was evaluated following treatment with these polysaccharide fractions. It was found that the polysaccharides possess anti-proliferative activity on LNCaP and PC3 cells, with a 50% growth inhibition (IC50) value as low as 0.61 mg/mL in LNCaP. Subsequently, it was determined through via RT-qPCR assay that apoptosis was one of the possible mechanisms responsible for the anti-proliferative activity in LNCaP. This was supported by the up-regulation of CASP3, CASP8, and CASP9. An alternative, discovered in PC3, was revealed to be anti-inflammation, which was hinted at by the down-regulation of IL6 and up-regulation of IL24. The polysaccharides also exhibited antioxidant and weak AChE inhibitory activities. This is the first report on the potential health benefits of polysaccharides prepared from the New Zealand fungus, H. novae-zealandiae.

Suspected Malignant Hyperthermia Reactions in New Zealand

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Pollock ◽  
E. E. Langton ◽  
K. Couchman ◽  
K. M. Stowell ◽  
M. Waddington
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Malignant Hyperthermia ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Anaesthetic Agent ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Malignant Hyperthermia Susceptibility ◽  
In Vitro Contracture Test ◽  
Grading Scale ◽  
Clinical Grading

Early clinical signs, triggering agents, time to onset of reaction, mortality and methods of treatment were identified in 123 suspected malignant hyperthermia reactions. In vitro contracture test results were compared with clinical signs and the Malignant Hyperthermia Clinical Grading Scale. Increased end-tidal carbon dioxide is the earliest sign when not preceded by masseter spasm. Earlier diagnosis reduces the incidence of rigidity and severe metabolic acidosis. The combination of suxamethonium and a potent volatile anaesthetic agent triggers an earlier reaction compared with a volatile agent alone. There has been zero mortality since 1981, essentially due to a combination of advanced monitoring capability, increased anaesthetist awareness of malignant hyperthermia, and dantrolene availability. DNA analysis has identified nine New Zealand families with ryanodine receptor gene mutations. A positive DNA test indicates malignant hyperthermia susceptibility with “causative” mutations but discordance requires that negative DNA tests are confirmed with in vitro contracture test. This test also demonstrated the shortcomings of the Malignant Hyperthermia Clinical Grading Scale.

scholarly journals Lippia citriodora (verbascoside) extract supplementation: Effect on rabbit semen quality in vivo and in vitro

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Vizzarri ◽  
M. Palazzo ◽  
D. Casamassima ◽  
L. Ondruska ◽  
M. Massanyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Zealand White Rabbit ◽  
Free Radical Scavengers ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Feed Mixture ◽  
Lippia Citriodora

Verbascoside, the main component of Lippia citriodora extract, is one of the most powerful free radical scavengers exhibiting a wide biological activity. In in vivo study 20 adult New Zealand white rabbit bucks were divided into two homogeneous groups, one control (CON) and one verbascoside-supplemented (0.1%) in feed mixture (EXP) and later in vitro effects of verbascoside on the motility aspects of rabbit spermatozoa were analysed. The spermatozoa concentration, ejaculate volume, spermatozoa motility, progressive motility, distance parameters, velocity parameters and type of spermatozoa movement were negatively affected by Lippia citriodora leaves extract after the first 4 weeks of dietary treatment, till the end of experiment (8 weeks). Four weeks after the suspension of feed additive supplementation, all spermatozoa traits values returned to the normality, and in line with CON group. For in vitro findings, ejaculates from 10 male New Zealand white bucks were collected using an artificial vagina. Then it was diluted in physiological saline solution containing different concentrations of verbascoside at the concentration of 0, 0.0024, 0.0219, 0.157, 120.0 mg/ml (Ctrl, VB1, VB2, VB3, VB4 groups, respectively), using a dilution ratio of 1 : 4. The obtained data proved that verbascoside at the concentration of 0.0024 and 0.0219 mg/ml had no adverse effect on spermatozoa. Additionally, we found that verbascoside at higher concentrations (0.157 and 120.0 mg/ml) significantly altered all the motility parameters analysed in the experiment. In conclusion a possible negative effect of verbascoside supplementation into feed mixture (0.1%) on semen quality parameters in rabbit bucks as well as in vitro can be stated, obviously considering that target organs of antioxidant activities of phenylpropanoid glycosides are various. In addition it has to be emphasized that the extract showed a reversible action, since the semen traits of treated animals returned to the normality after the dietary administration period.

First report of a gryporhynchid tapeworm (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea) from New Zealand and from an eleotrid fish, described from metacestodes and in vitro-grown worms

2011 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Presswell ◽  
R. Poulin ◽  
H.S. Randhawa
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
First Record ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Species Determination ◽  
Fish Family ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Stage Of Development

AbstractMetacestodes are often found in the body cavity of the common bully (Gobiomorphus cotidianus McDowall), from freshwater habitats in Otago, New Zealand. Identification of metacestodes relies only on the number, size and shape of the rostellar hooks. To attempt species determination, we cultivated metacestodes in vitro for up to 23 days, during which they matured to at least the male stage of development, although female organs were not discernable. Identified as members of the genus Paradilepis Hsü, 1935 (family Gryporhynchidae), these specimens are compared to previously described species, in particular P. minima (Goss, 1940), from Australia, the closest species, both geographically and morphologically. Although the size of scolex, suckers and proglottids differ significantly from those of P. minima, we are cautious about interpreting ‘adults’ grown in vitro, because we are unsure whether the artificial conditions alter development. For this reason, and because of the lack of female organs, we refrain from erecting a new species, and refer to the specimens as Paradilepis cf. minima until such time as the adults are found in the definitive host. With this proviso we present here a description of the in vitro-grown worms and the metacestodes as a preliminary study of this cestode. A molecular analysis of small subunit (SSU) rDNA sequences, shows the position of P. cf. minima and another gryporhynchid, Neogryporhynchus cheilancristrotus (Wedl, 1855), to be equivocal, but confirms their exclusion from the Dilepididae and Hymenolepididae. This is the first record of a gryporhynchid from New Zealand, and the first from the fish family Eleotridae.

Induction of in vitro EROD activity and in vivo caffeine metabolism in two species of New Zealand birds

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihoko Numata ◽  
J. Paul Fawcett ◽  
Rhonda J. Rosengren
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Erod Activity ◽  
Caffeine Metabolism ◽  
New Zealand Birds

scholarly journals Topical Antibiotic Use Coselects for the Carriage of Mobile Genetic Elements Conferring Resistance to Unrelated Antimicrobials in Staphylococcus aureus

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Glen P. Carter ◽  
Mark B. Schultz ◽  
Sarah L. Baines ◽  
Anders Gonçalves da Silva ◽  
Helen Heffernan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Topical Antibiotic ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Topical Antibiotics ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTTopical antibiotics, such as mupirocin and fusidic acid, are commonly used in the prevention and treatment of skin infections, particularly those caused by staphylococci. However, the widespread use of these agents is associated with increased resistance to these agents, potentially limiting their efficacy. Of particular concern is the observation that resistance to topical antibiotics is often associated with multidrug resistance, suggesting that topical antibiotics may play a role in the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. New Zealand (NZ) has some of the highest globally recorded rates of topical antibiotic usage and resistance. Using a combination of Pacific Biosciences single-molecule real-time (SMRT) whole-genome sequencing, Illumina short-read sequencing, and Bayesian phylogenomic modeling on 118 new multilocus sequence type 1 (ST1) communityStaphylococcus aureusisolates from New Zealand and 61 publically available international ST1 genome sequences, we demonstrate a strong correlation between the clinical introduction of topical antibiotics and the emergence of MDR ST1S. aureus. We also providein vitroexperimental evidence showing that exposure to topical antibiotics can lead to the rapid selection of MDRS. aureusisolates carrying plasmids that confer resistance to multiple unrelated antibiotics, from within a mixed population of competitor strains. These findings have important implications regarding the impact of the indiscriminate use of topical antibiotics.

Evaluating the Potential of Effluents and Wood Feedstocks from Pulp and Paper Mills in Brazil, Canada, and New Zealand to Affect Fish Reproduction: Chemical Profiling and In Vitro Assessments

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 1849-1858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig B. Milestone ◽  
Rodrigo Orrego ◽  
Philip D. Scott ◽  
Andrew Waye ◽  
Jagmohan Kohli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Fish Reproduction ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mills ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Chemical Profiling
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