Chemical Composition of the Biomass: Bacteria, Phytoplankton, Zooplankton, Higher Plants

1978 ◽  
pp. 31-54
Author(s):  
Bernard P. Tissot ◽  
Dietrich H. Welte
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Higher Plants

Chemical composition and biological activity of sapropel in the Orenburg region (V. Sol-Iletsk), genetic link with the composition of the sapropel formers

10.12737/5040 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Фридзон ◽  
K. Fridzon ◽  
Платонов ◽  
V. Platonov ◽  
Хадарцев ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Chemical Compound ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Biological Testing ◽  
Genetic Link ◽  
Orenburg Region ◽  
Animal Material

The features of chemical composition of sapropel in district Sol-Iletsk (Orenburg region) were studied in detail. Biological testing of sapropel preparations was carried out. Comparative analysis of the chemical composition of sapropel and flora, fauna, meadow, higher plants, algae with a composition of organic matter sapropel was made. Genetic link of chemical compound of sapropel, plant and animal material, participating in the formation of the latter, with biological activity sapropel drugs was established.

scholarly journals Field-Scale Evaluation of Botanical Extracts Effect on the Yield, Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Celeriac (Apium graveolens L. Var. rapaceum)

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (18) ◽  
pp. 4212
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Godlewska ◽  
Paweł Pacyga ◽  
Izabela Michalak ◽  
Anita Biesiada ◽  
Antoni Szumny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Botanical Extracts

The use of higher plants for the production of plant growth biostimulants is receiving increased attention among scientists, farmers, investors, consumers and regulators. The aim of the present study was to examine the possibility of converting plants commonly occurring in Europe (St. John’s wort, giant goldenrod, common dandelion, red clover, nettle, valerian) into valuable and easy to use bio-products. The biostimulating activity of botanical extracts and their effect on the chemical composition of celeriac were identified. Plant-based extracts, obtained by ultrasound-assisted extraction and mechanical homogenisation, were tested in field trials. It was found that the obtained formulations increased the total yield of leaves rosettes and roots, the dry weight of leaves rosettes and roots, the content of chlorophyll a + b and carotenoids, the greenness index of leaves, the content of vitamin C in leaves and roots. They mostly decreased the content of polyphenols and antioxidant activities in leaves but increased them in roots and conversely affected the nitrates content. Extracts showed a varied impact on the content of micro and macroelements, as well as the composition of volatile compounds and fatty acids in the celeriac biomass. Due to the modulatory properties of the tested products, they may be used successfully in sustainable horticulture.

Bias of the paleobotanical record as a consequence of variations in the chemical composition of higher vascular plant cuticles

Paleobiology ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik W. Tegelaar ◽  
Hans Kerp ◽  
Henk Visscher ◽  
Pieter A. Schenck ◽  
Jan W. de Leeuw
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Plant Cuticles ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Curie Point Pyrolysis

The impact of the variations in the chemical composition of higher vascular plant cuticles on their fossil record is usually not considered in paleobotanical and, more particularly, taphonomic studies. Here we address the subject with reference to the chemical characterization of insoluble cuticular matrices of a large variety of recent and fossil cuticles. The cuticles were analyzed using Curie-point pyrolysis-gas chromatographic techniques. Cuticular matrices of extant higher plants consist either of the biopolyester cutin, the insoluble, non-hydrolyzable polymethylenic biopolymer cutan, or a mixture of both biopolymers. In fossil cuticles an additional cuticular matrix type consisting of cutan and cutin-derived material is recognized. On the basis of the variations in their chemical composition and the different behavior of the cuticular constituents (viz., cutin and cutan) during diagenesis, it is concluded that the paleobotanical record of cuticles will be biased toward taxa originally having a significant amount of cutan in their cuticular matrix.

Production of industrial m aterials in transgenic plants

1993 ◽  
Vol 342 (1301) ◽  
pp. 251-257 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Plant Oils ◽  
Agricultural Plants

Millions of tonnes of organic chemicals, or polymeric derivatives, are produced annually from agricultural plants. Genetic engineering methods can be used to modify the chemical composition of the storage compounds in many plant species. This will create opportunities to expand the uses of biomaterials as renewable and environmentally more benign alternatives to some uses of petrochemicals. Many of the most promising opportunities, in this respect, involve relatively minor modifications of the chemical composition of plant oils. The introduction of a single functional group into a fatty acid may create new industrial uses for the fatty acid and, therefore, significantly increase the value of the oil. Because different species of higher plants accumulate at least 210 different kinds of fatty acids, the genetic resources are available to support the production of a wide variety of modifications of agricultural oilseed species by genetic engineering. In addition, a large number of useful modifications may be produced by introducing genes for fatty-acid modifying enzymes, or related aspects of metabolism, from microorganisms.

scholarly journals Primary Soil Formation And Dynamics Of The Evolutional Transformation Of Minerals Under Action Of Living Matter

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-276
Author(s):  
Mukhomorov V. ◽  
Anikina L ◽  
Zvereva T
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Short Period

We present the results of a comprehensive study of soil-forming processes under the influence of a long-term and end to end (7.5 years; twenty three vegetations) cultivating of the plants on initially lifeless mineral substrates (crushed granite, zeolite) under controlled conditions. The data were obtained under regulated conditions. It was shown that the higher plants (tomato, spring wheat) can actively participate in the pedogenesis process. We analyzed the evolutionary dynamics of the accumulation of organic matter and the dynamics of the biotic community. The result of the biogenic weathering minerals is decomposition of the rock, washing-out of the mineral elements, transformation of the minerals, formation of a secondary minerals and melkozem. We give consideration of the evolutionary dynamics of the chemical composition of plant tissues (roots, stems, leaves and reproductive organs). It was analyzed the percentage of the plant tissues the following chemical elements: P, S, Cl, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Fe, Si, Al, Mn, Zn. It was used the information approach for a quantitative analysis of the interrelation dynamics of changes in the chemical composition of the mineral substrates and chemical composition of plant tissues. The chemical composition of the mineral substrate evolutionary changes so that it is close to the information content of the plant root system. Studies processes of accumulation and transformation of the organic matter in the mineral substrate have shown that in a very short period of time under conditions of intense year-round cultivation of plants in the mineral substrates occur an intensive their enrichment by organic substance.

The Origin of the Moon

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. Ruskol
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Solar System ◽  
The Moon ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Origin Of The Moon

The difference between average densities of the Moon and Earth was interpreted in the preceding report by Professor H. Urey as indicating a difference in their chemical composition. Therefore, Urey assumes the Moon's formation to have taken place far away from the Earth, under conditions differing substantially from the conditions of Earth's formation. In such a case, the Earth should have captured the Moon. As is admitted by Professor Urey himself, such a capture is a very improbable event. In addition, an assumption that the “lunar” dimensions were representative of protoplanetary bodies in the entire solar system encounters great difficulties.

On the Inhomogeneity of Chemical Composition over the Surface of 21 Per

1976 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 343-349
Author(s):  
Yu.V. Glagolevsky ◽  
K.I. Kozlova ◽  
V.S. Lebedev ◽  
N.S. Polosukhina
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Spectral Line ◽  
Variable Star ◽  
Radial Velocities ◽  
Crimean Astrophysical Observatory ◽  
Line Intensities ◽  
Magnetic Variable

SummaryThe magnetic variable star 21 Per has been studied from 4 and 8 Å/mm spectra obtained with the 2.6 - meter reflector of the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory. Spectral line intensities (Wλ) and radial velocities (Vr) have been measured.

Structural Studies on Mitotic Spindle Fibres

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 615-626
Author(s):  
J.R. Mcintosh
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Mitotic Spindle ◽  
Structural Studies ◽  
Mitotic Apparatus ◽  
Chemical Studies ◽  
Medical Interest ◽  
Spindle Fibres

The mitotic apparatus is a structure of obvious biological and medical interest, but it has proved to be a difficult cellular machine to understand. The chemical composition of the spindle is only slightly elucidated, largely because of the difficulties in preparing useful isolates of the structure. Chemical studies of the mitotic spindle have been reviewed elsewhere (Mcintosh, 1977), and will not be discussed further here. One would think that structural studies on the mitotic apparatus (MA) in situ would be straightforward, but even with this approach there is some disagreement in the results obtained with various methods and by different investigators. In this paper I will review briefly the approaches which have been used in structural studies of the MA, pointing out the strengths and problems of each approach. I will summarize the principal findings of the different methods, and identify what seem to be fruitful avenues for further work.

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