Phosphorus, Plant Biodiversity and Climate Change

2009 ◽  
pp. 147-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Wrage ◽  
Lydie Chapuis-Lardy ◽  
Johannes Isselstein
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Plant Biodiversity

Holocene reconstruction of plant communities and impacts of human activity from sedaDNA in the Austrian Alps.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scarlett Zetter ◽  
Sandra Garcés Pastor ◽  
Youri Lammers ◽  
Andreas Tribsch ◽  
Antony G. Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Eastern Alps ◽  
Western Alps ◽  
Plant Biodiversity ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressures ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
The Alps

<p>The Alps contain highly biodiverse ecosystems including a large number endemic flora. As a result of climate change and anthropogenic activities, such ecosystems are at risk from upward vegetation displacement and species loss. Extensive archaeological research in the Eastern Alps has documented human settlement from ~5500 years ago driven by salt and copper mining; which has caused significant impact on the ecosystems through mining, deforestation, and pastoral farming. To elucidate the effects of climate change and anthropogenic activities on plant biodiversity, multi-proxy reconstructions have been carried out throughout the Western Alps . Despite this research, the palaeoecological history of the Eastern Alps is relatively understudied. Consequently, we are limited in our understanding of how climate change and human impact have affected past biodiversity and the formation of the contemporary vegetation in this region. Here, we focus on the Austrian sub-alpine lake, Großer Winterleitensee located at the Easternmost margin of the Alps; only locally glaciated during the Pleistocene. We applied sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) metabarcoding to reconstruct Holocene plant community dynamics within the lake catchment. These data, in conjunction with local temperature reconstructions, sediment elemental composition, magnetic susceptibility, and loss-on-ignition analyses, allowed us to identify key intervals of plant diversity change. Two such intervals begin at samples dated ~5500 cal. yr BP and ~2200 cal. yr BP, coinciding with Neolithic and Iron Age settlement phases in the area. Palaeoecological reconstructions of plant biodiversity and their responses to climate change and anthropogenic pressures may be able to provide essential information for future conservation purposes.</p><div> <div> <div> </div> </div> <div> <div> </div> </div> <div> <div> </div> </div> </div>

Potential risks of Invasive Alien Plant Species on native plant biodiversity in Sri Lanka due to climate change

Biodiversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Champika S. Kariyawasam ◽  
Lalit Kumar ◽  
Sujith S. Ratnayake ◽  
D. S. A. Wijesundara
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Biodiversity ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Alien Plant Species ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Invasive Alien Plant ◽  
Potential Risks

scholarly journals Impact Of Climate Change On The Phytobiodiversity Of Tazekka National Park

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. p1
Author(s):  
Assem Najat ◽  
Elharrani Hanae ◽  
El Haouari Mohammed ◽  
El Hafid Latifa ◽  
Chaaouan Jamal
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
National Park ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Field Trips ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Plant Biodiversity ◽  
Climate Risks ◽  
Initial Area ◽  
Middle Atlas

The Tazekka National Park, created in 1950 on an initial area of 680 hectares, located in the mountain range of the Eastern, Middle Atlas, offers a great variety in terms of the landscape and the diversity of forest populations. However, studies have reported that the park’s biodiversity is threatened due to anthropogenic and climatic factors. The aim of this work is to carry out a comparative study concerning the influence of climate change during the years 1985, 2007 and 2018 on the distribution of plant species in different stations of the Tazekka National Park (Ras al ma, Bab Boudir, Bab Azhar and Jbel Tazekka).To carry out this work, several field trips were carried out. The results obtained in the form of GIS using the ArcGis 10.4.1 software have shown that climate change significantly influences the plant biodiversity of the Park. It is necessary to find assessment, monitoring and management strategies for these climate risks in order to preserve phytobiodiversity.

Assisted migration as a climate change adaptation strategy: lessons from restoration and plant reintroductions

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 250-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pati Vitt ◽  
Pairsa N. Belmaric ◽  
Riley Book ◽  
Melissa Curran
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Ecological Restoration ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Habitat Restoration ◽  
Adaptation Strategy ◽  
Rare Plant ◽  
Plant Biodiversity ◽  
Assisted Migration ◽  
The Face ◽  
Plant Reintroductions

Climate change is thought to threaten between 25% and 50% of global plant biodiversity. In response to this looming crisis, the calls for the translocation, or assisted migration, of species to ensure the survival of this biodiversity have been increasing. The concept has its detractors, and is not without risk, but few studies have documented the success of the approach or veracity of the risk. Here we review both the ecological restoration literature and the plant reintroduction literature to discover insights into the promises and pitfalls of translocating species as an adaptation strategy in the face of our changing climate. Although habitat restoration and the assisted migration of rare plant species have different objectives and goals, they share the practice of translocating species from their site of origin to a new one. It is primarily the scale at which the movement of those species occurs that distinguishes the two.

Averting robo-bees: why free-flying robotic bees are a bad idea

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 723-729
Author(s):  
Roslyn Gleadow ◽  
Jim Hanan ◽  
Alan Dorin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Food Security ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Plant Insect Interactions ◽  
Native Habitat ◽  
Insect Pollinators ◽  
Insect Interactions

Food security and the sustainability of native ecosystems depends on plant-insect interactions in countless ways. Recently reported rapid and immense declines in insect numbers due to climate change, the use of pesticides and herbicides, the introduction of agricultural monocultures, and the destruction of insect native habitat, are all potential contributors to this grave situation. Some researchers are working towards a future where natural insect pollinators might be replaced with free-flying robotic bees, an ecologically problematic proposal. We argue instead that creating environments that are friendly to bees and exploring the use of other species for pollination and bio-control, particularly in non-European countries, are more ecologically sound approaches. The computer simulation of insect-plant interactions is a far more measured application of technology that may assist in managing, or averting, ‘Insect Armageddon' from both practical and ethical viewpoints.

Modelling ecosystem adaptation and dangerous rates of global warming

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Millington ◽  
Peter M. Cox ◽  
Jonathan R. Moore ◽  
Gabriel Yvon-Durocher
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Diffusion Rate ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Genetic Evolution ◽  
Rates Of Change ◽  
Rapid Climate Change ◽  
Warming Climate ◽  
Intraspecies Competition ◽  
High Trait

Abstract We are in a period of relatively rapid climate change. This poses challenges for individual species and threatens the ecosystem services that humanity relies upon. Temperature is a key stressor. In a warming climate, individual organisms may be able to shift their thermal optima through phenotypic plasticity. However, such plasticity is unlikely to be sufficient over the coming centuries. Resilience to warming will also depend on how fast the distribution of traits that define a species can adapt through other methods, in particular through redistribution of the abundance of variants within the population and through genetic evolution. In this paper, we use a simple theoretical ‘trait diffusion’ model to explore how the resilience of a given species to climate change depends on the initial trait diversity (biodiversity), the trait diffusion rate (mutation rate), and the lifetime of the organism. We estimate theoretical dangerous rates of continuous global warming that would exceed the ability of a species to adapt through trait diffusion, and therefore lead to a collapse in the overall productivity of the species. As the rate of adaptation through intraspecies competition and genetic evolution decreases with species lifetime, we find critical rates of change that also depend fundamentally on lifetime. Dangerous rates of warming vary from 1°C per lifetime (at low trait diffusion rate) to 8°C per lifetime (at high trait diffusion rate). We conclude that rapid climate change is liable to favour short-lived organisms (e.g. microbes) rather than longer-lived organisms (e.g. trees).

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