Comparison of Reflected Solar Radiation, Air Temperature and Relative Air Humidity in Different Ecosystems: From Fishponds and Wet Meadows to Concrete Surface

2010 ◽  
pp. 309-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Huryna ◽  
Jan Pokorný
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Concrete Surface ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Wet Meadows ◽  
Relative Air Humidity

A reflexion on the environmental effect on the transmission of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor L Barradas ◽  
Monica Ballinas
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Minimum Distance ◽  
Vapor Pressure Deficit ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Evaporative Demand ◽  
Small Water ◽  
The Hours

<p>This research is a general reflection of the possible transmission not only of COVID-19 but of any influenza disease depending on environmental parameters such as solar radiation, air humidity and air temperature (vapor pressure deficit), evoking the Penman-Monteith model regarding the evaporation of the water that constitutes the small water droplets (aerosols) that carry the virus. In this case the evapotranspiration demand of the atmosphere with which it can be deduced that the spread of the disease will be higher in those places with less evaporative demand, that is, high air humidity and / or low temperatures, and / or low radiation intensities, and vice versa. It can also be deduced that the hours of greatest potential contagion are the night hours, while those with the lowest risk are between 2:00 p.m. and 4:00 p.m. On the other hand, in those rooms with low temperatures the contagion would be more effective. So, considering that the drops produced by a sneeze, by speaking or breathing can go beyond two meters away, it is roughly explained that the use of face masks and keeping a safe minimum distance of two meters can limit transmission of viruses and / or infections. However, this practice is not entirely safe as the environment can play an important role. What is recommended to reduce the spread of these pathogens is to produce high evaporative demands: increasing solar radiation, and increasing air temperature and reducing air humidity, which is practice that can be effective in closed rooms.</p>

scholarly journals Performance of different methods for reference evapotranspiration estimation in Jaíba, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo H. da Silva ◽  
Santos H. B. Dias ◽  
Lucas B. Ferreira ◽  
Jannaylton É. O. Santos ◽  
Fernando F. da Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Standard Method ◽  
Reference Evapotranspiration ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Method Performance ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
Evapotranspiration Estimation ◽  
Missing Variables

ABSTRACT FAO Penman-Monteith (FO-PM) is considered the standard method for the estimation of reference evapotranspiration (ET0) but requires various meteorological data, which are often not available. The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of the FAO-PM method with limited meteorological data and other methods as alternatives to estimate ET0 in Jaíba-MG. The study used daily meteorological data from 2007 to 2016 of the National Institute of Meteorology’s station. Daily ET0 values were randomized, and 70% of these were used to determine the calibration parameters of the ET0 for the equations of each method under study. The remaining data were used to test the calibration against the standard method. Performance evaluation was based on Willmott’s index of agreement, confidence coefficient and root-mean-square error. When one meteorological variable was missing, either solar radiation, relative air humidity or wind speed, or in the simultaneous absence of wind speed and relative air humidity, the FAO-PM method showed the best performances and, therefore, was recommended for Jaíba. The FAO-PM method with two missing variables, one of them being solar radiation, showed intermediate performance. Methods that used only air temperature data are not recommended for the region.

scholarly journals ПРОГНОЗ РАЗМНОЖЕНИЯ ВРЕДОНОСНЫХ ПОКОЛЕНИЙ ГРОЗДЕВОЙ ЛИСТОВЕРТКИ В УСЛОВИЯХ РАВНИННО-СТЕПНОГО КРЫМА

2012 ◽  
pp. 84-87
Author(s):  
С. Н. Лебедев
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Lobesia Botrana ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Relative Air Humidity

Наводяться дані про залежність розвитку шкід-ливих поколінь ґронової листовійки на винограднихнасадженнях рівнинно-степового Криму від абіо-тичних чинників: середньодобової температуриповітря, суми опадів, відносної вологості повітря,а також площі листової поверхні куща винограду.На основі цих даних розроблені математичні мо-делі прогнозу розвитку фітофага, що дадуть змо-гу оптимізувати кратність і своєчасність захис-них заходів у боротьбі з зазначеним шкідником наконкретному сорті винограду. Provides information on the intent of the development ofmalicious generations Lobesia botrana of the leaf rolleron vine plantations of plain-steppe Crimea from abioticfactors: the average daily air temperature, amount of precipitation,relative air humidity, as well as the area of leafsurface bush of grapes. On the basis of these datadeveloped mathematical models of forecasting of thedevelopment of the phytophage, that allows to optimizethe frequency and timeliness of protective measures inthe fight against this pest on a particular cultivar ofgrapes.

scholarly journals Spatial variability of enthalpy and illuminance in free-range broiler sheds

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 340-344
Author(s):  
Amélia C. Faustino ◽  
Silvia H. N. Turco ◽  
René G. C. Silva Junior ◽  
Isadora B. Miranda ◽  
Italo E. Anjos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Spatial Dependence ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
Clay Tile

ABSTRACT Free-range broiler producers are concerned with the thermal environment and lighting of their facilities and seek to improve these factors for the increased welfare of their broilers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the spatialization of illuminance and enthalpy in two free-range broiler sheds, one of masonry with a clay tile roof and the other built of wood with a straw roof. The data on air temperature, relative air humidity, and illuminance were recorded between September and October 2018 for five non-consecutive weeks in two periods during the day: morning (9 hours) and afternoon (15 hours). The data were collected at 42 points per shed, spaced 0.40 × 0.75 m. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2 × 2 factorial scheme, considering two periods and two sheds. Spatial dependence was evaluated using geostatistics and interpolation maps by kriging. The facilities presented strong or moderate spatial dependence for all observed variables and periods. The small edges and lack of management of curtains resulted in the masonry shed having higher illuminance values during both periods. Although it did not present ideal values for a comfortable environment, the wood shed was more thermally efficient.

scholarly journals Influence of Temperature‑Humidity Relations During Years on Milk Production and Quality

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renáta Toušová ◽  
Jaromír Ducháček ◽  
Luděk Stádník ◽  
Martin Ptáček ◽  
Sylvana Pokorná
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
Daily Milk Production ◽  
Daily Milk

The aim of this study was to evaluate influence of climatic conditions represented by daily air temperature and relative air humidity on indicators of Holstein cows’ milk quality and production. The first dataset represented individual milk production in day of milk performance recording (milk kg, fat %, protein %, and somatic cells count thous.*ml−1). The second dataset represented total daily milk characteristics of herd (milk kg, fat %, protein % and somatic cells count thous.*ml−1). A total of 654 Holstein cows were observed and evaluated. Both datasets were evaluated in relation to selected external influences (year, month, average daily air temperature, and average daily relatively air humidity). Statistical analysis was performed using SAS 9.3, and UNIVARIATE, REG and GLM procedure. Three groups of daily air temeperature (< 4.4 °C; 4.4 – 13.2 °C; > 13.2 °C), and daily relative air humidity (< 65.3 %; 65.3 – 80.4 %; > 80.4 %) were conducted for evaluation. Significant (P < 0.05) linear regressions were computed among daily air temperature and all milk production indicators, except of somatic cells count attribute. The highest individual daily milk production (35.94 kg, P < 0.01), and protein content (3.41 %, P < 0.01) were achieved with the highest average daily air temperature. Opposite results were observed for milk yield of herd as well as protein content. Average daily relative air humidity had lower influence on individual and bulk milk samples. The better results were achieved for both datasets (individual and bulk samples) in groups (65.3 – 80.4 %; > 80.4 %) of average daily relative air humidity. Obtained results point out importance of outdoor climatic parameters monitoring and preventive measures of climatic conditions in the stable.

scholarly journals NEAPŠILTINTOS KARVIDES OPTIMALUS TEMPERATŪRINIS‐DREGMES REŽIMAS

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bronius Kavolėlis ◽  
Rolandas Bleizgys
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Water Vapour ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Internal Surface ◽  
Cold Period ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Relative Air Humidity

The objective of the work is to substantiate the optimum values of temperature‐humidity regime in cowsheds which are required in designing and exploiting a ventilation system. An equation, which connects relative air humidity of a room with difference between inside and outside air temperature, was developed. Another equation, which shows the greatest allowed difference of temperatures under which water vapour does not condensate on the internal surface of an external partition, was composed as well. By analytical and experimental investigation, it is substantiated that possible minimum relative air humidity in a cowshed is by about 5 % lower than relative outside air humidity. Optimal difference between inside and outside air temperature in the cold period of the year is about 4 °C.

Environmental Assessment of the Impact of Meteorological Parameters on Man-Made Pollution by Carcinogenicly Dangerous Chemicals in the Voronezh Air Basin

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-65
Author(s):  
S.A. Kurolap ◽  
V.S. Petrosyan ◽  
O.V. Klepikov ◽  
V.V. Kulnev ◽  
D.Yu. Martynov
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Maximum Permissible Level ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Based on the analysis of official statistics from the Voronezh Hydrometeorological Service, the patterns of the dynamics of pollutants (formaldehyde and soot) are investigated depending on the combination of various meteorological parameters — air temperature, wind speed, relative air humidity. A positive relationship has been established between the increase in atmospheric pollution with formaldehyde and air temperature. With increasing wind speed and relative humidity, the concentration of formaldehyde and soot in the atmosphere of the city, as a rule, decrease. The maximum permissible level of carcinogenic risk to public health has been established, causing concern. The obtained patterns can be used to predict the level of technogenic pollution of the city’s atmosphere, depending on meteorological conditions.

scholarly journals Microhabitat use by three species of egret (Pelecaniformes, Ardeidae) in southern Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 791-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
DP. Pinto ◽  
CC. Chivittz ◽  
FB. Bergmann ◽  
AM. Tozetti
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Microhabitat Use ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Great Egret ◽  
Bubulcus Ibis ◽  
Ardea Alba ◽  
Relative Air Humidity

In the present study, we examined the role of different habitat components and their relationship with microhabitat use by three species of egret: Cocoi heron (Ardea cocoi), Great egret (Ardea alba), and Cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis), in wetlands of southern Brazil. Ardea alba and A. cocoi were not habitat-specific (e.g. vegetation cover and flooding level). Conversely, B. ibis was associated with drier microhabitats. Relative air humidity and air temperature were the main variables which correlated with the occurrence of these species and supported the plasticity of B. ibis and its predominance in drier habitats.

scholarly journals Distribution features of meteorological parameters in Truong Sa archipelago area

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-416
Author(s):  
Le Dinh Mau ◽  
Vlasova G. A. ◽  
Demenok M. N. ◽  
Pham Sy Hoan ◽  
Nguyen Thi Thuy Dung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Southwest Monsoon ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Northeast Monsoon ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Distribution Features ◽  
Study Results

This paper presents the distribution features of observed meteorological parameters in Truong Sa archipelago area including wind, tropical cyclone, and average values of solar radiation, air temperature, air humidity, rainfall. Observed data were collected from Truong Sa island hydro-meteorological station. In particular, data of tropical cyclones affecting Truong Sa archipelago area were collected from the websites http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/jma-eng/jma-center/(Japan). Study results show that the main meteorological parameters in Truong Sa archipelago area are affected by solar radiation and monsoonal wind regimes in East Asia region which are Northeast monsoon occurring from November to April and Southwest monsoon occurring from June to September. Transition periods are May and October. Tropical cyclones occur mainly in November–December, maximum wind speed was 64 m/s in typhoon HAIYAN (November 2013). The highest average solar radiation occurs in April (277 hours), the lowest in January (181 hours). The highest average air temperature occurs in April (29.5oC), the lowest in January (26.6oC). The highest average rainfall occurs in November (341 mm), the lowest in March (62 mm). The highest average air humidity occurs in November–December (85%), the lowest in April–May (79%). The highest average water evaporation occurs in March (129 mm), the lowest in December (87 mm).

scholarly journals Microclimate in the vertical profile of wheat, rape and maize canopies

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zdeněk Krédl ◽  
T. Středa ◽  
R. Pokorný ◽  
M. Kmoch ◽  
J. Brotan
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Vertical Profile ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Winter Rape ◽  
Effective Height ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
Climatological Station ◽  
South Moravia

The differences of air temperature and relative air humidity in wheat, rape and maize canopies at three heights (ground level, effective canopy height and 2 meters above the soil surface), and their comparison with the temperature values of the nearest standard climatological station at the height of 2 meters were studied. The microclimatic data were obtained at the field trial station of the Mendel University in Brno in the Žabčice municipality (South Moravia) in the canopies of winter wheat, winter rape and maize and from the standard climatological station located immediately next to the canopies. It was found, that wheat, rape and maize canopies microclimate differed significantly from those of their surrounding environments. The temperature was usually lower in the ground level and effective height in the wheat and rape stands, air humidity was usually higher in these crops. On the other hand, maize canopies had diverse air temperature values during the studied period.

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