From the Farmers’ Perspective: Pesticide Use and Pest Control

Viticultural practices and landscape composition are the main drivers influencing biological pest control in vineyards. Predatory mites, mainly phytoseiid (Phytoseiidae) and tydeoid mites (Tydeidae), are important to control phytophagous mites (Tetranychidae and Eriophyidae) on vines. In the absence of arthropod prey, pollen is an important food source for predatory mites. In 32 paired vineyards located in Burgenland/Austria, we examined the effect of landscape composition, management type (organic/integrated), pesticide use, and cover crop diversity of the inter-row on the densities of phytoseiid, tydeoid, and phytophagous mites. In addition, we sampled pollen on vine leaves. Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten was the main phytoseiid mite species and Tydeus goetzi Schruft the main tydeoid species. Interestingly, the area-related acute pesticide toxicity loading was higher in organic than in integrated vineyards. The densities of phytoseiid and tydeoid mites was higher in integrated vineyards and in vineyards with spontaneous vegetation. Their population also profited from an increased viticultural area at the landscape scale. Eriophyoid mite densities were extremely low across all vineyards and spider mites were absent. Biological pest control of phytophagous mites benefits from less intensive pesticide use and spontaneous vegetation cover in vineyard inter-rows, which should be considered in agri-environmental schemes.

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Monitoring and Adapting to the Changes in Pesticide Use Profiles That Occur in Response to Modern Pest Control and Environmental Requirements

Pesticides ◽

10.1533/9781845693183.1 ◽

1995 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Michael F. Wilson

Keyword(s):

Pest Control ◽

Pesticide Use ◽

Environmental Requirements

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Examination of Acephate Absorption, Transport, Metabolism, and Accumulation in Maize After Root Irrigation for Spodoptera Frugiperda Control

10.21203/rs.3.rs-407085/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

jiyingzi Wu ◽

xianjia Li ◽

ruiquan Hou ◽

kunyu Zhao ◽

yongqin Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pest Control ◽

Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽

Control Method ◽

Control Measure ◽

Fall Armyworm ◽

Extended Period ◽

Field Trials ◽

Pesticide Use ◽

Control Efficacy ◽

Maize Plants

Abstract BACKGROUND: Since the invasion of the fall armyworm moth (Spodoptera frugiperda) in China in January 2019, damage to maize crops has gradually intensified, and chemical control has become the main control measure. This study aimed to examine methods of effective pest control while monitoring the environmental impact of pesticide use. The effectiveness of S. frugiperda pest control by foliar spraying and root irrigation of maize plants with acephate was determined, and the absorption, distribution, and dissipation of acephate and methamidophos by maize were studied.RESULTS: Field trials showed that acephate treatment at 6000 g.a.i ha-1 was the most effective for controlling S. frugiperda. Acephate and methamidophos were absorbed from the roots, transported upward, and concentrated in the leaves, particularly new leaves. The terminal residues of acephate and methamidophos in maize grains were below detectable levels at 60 days after treatment.CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate that acephate treatment via root irrigation can more effectively control the infestation of S. frugiperda in maize than acephate treatment via foliar spraying. The translocation and distribution of acephate and methamidophos by root irrigation were more uniform, and the holding efficiency was higher than those in foliar spraying, suggesting an extended period of control efficacy. This pest control method could be utilized to reduce pesticide residues while safely and efficiently controlling S. frugiperda infestation.

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Correction to Pest Control: Can Chitinases Help To Reduce Pesticide Use?

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry ◽

10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01255 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 68 (11) ◽

pp. 3689-3689

Author(s):

Ronivaldo Rodrigues da Silva ◽

Rafaela do Couto Santos

Keyword(s):

Pest Control ◽

Pesticide Use

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Crop losses to pests

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859605005708 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 144 (1) ◽

pp. 31-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 1878

Author(s):

E.-C. OERKE

Keyword(s):

Pest Control ◽

Crop Protection ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Control Measures ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Pesticide Use ◽

Cotton Production ◽

Protection Measures ◽

Crop Losses ◽

Potential Loss

Productivity of crops grown for human consumption is at risk due to the incidence of pests, especially weeds, pathogens and animal pests. Crop losses due to these harmful organisms can be substantial and may be prevented, or reduced, by crop protection measures. An overview is given on different types of crop losses as well as on various methods of pest control developed during the last century.Estimates on potential and actual losses despite the current crop protection practices are given for wheat, rice, maize, potatoes, soybeans, and cotton for the period 2001–03 on a regional basis (19 regions) as well as for the global total. Among crops, the total global potential loss due to pests varied from about 50% in wheat to more than 80% in cotton production. The responses are estimated as losses of 26–29% for soybean, wheat and cotton, and 31, 37 and 40% for maize, rice and potatoes, respectively. Overall, weeds produced the highest potential loss (34%), with animal pests and pathogens being less important (losses of 18 and 16%). The efficacy of crop protection was higher in cash crops than in food crops. Weed control can be managed mechanically or chemically, therefore worldwide efficacy was considerably higher than for the control of animal pests or diseases, which rely heavily on synthetic chemicals. Regional differences in efficacy are outlined. Despite a clear increase in pesticide use, crop losses have not significantly decreased during the last 40 years. However, pesticide use has enabled farmers to modify production systems and to increase crop productivity without sustaining the higher losses likely to occur from an increased susceptibility to the damaging effect of pests.The concept of integrated pest/crop management includes a threshold concept for the application of pest control measures and reduction in the amount/frequency of pesticides applied to an economically and ecologically acceptable level. Often minor crop losses are economically acceptable; however, an increase in crop productivity without adequate crop protection does not make sense, because an increase in attainable yields is often associated with an increased vulnerability to damage inflicted by pests.

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A Simultaneous Equation Model of the Economic-Ecologic System in Citrus Groves

Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics ◽

10.1017/s0081305200010992 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 167-174

Author(s):

Jonq-Ying Lee ◽

Max R. Langham

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Pest Control ◽

Fruit Quality ◽

Simultaneous Equation ◽

Equation Model ◽

Pesticide Use ◽

Simultaneous Equation Model ◽

Citrus Groves ◽

Negative Side Effects ◽

The U.S

In 1964, 89 percent of the citrus acreage in the U.S. was treated with pesticides. The percentage increased to 97 percent in 1966. Total expenditures for pesticides during the two years were 13.8 and 21.3 million dollars, respectively. Expenditures on a per acre basis were $12.74 and $18.82, respectively, in these years. The trend in pesticide use on citrus pest control has been upward.The increased usage indicates that pesticides are recognized by growers as important inputs to increase output and/or improve fruit quality. The negative side effects of pesticides on the environment are also being increasingly recognized.

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Practical Approaches to Pest Control: The Use of Natural Compounds

Pests, Weeds and Diseases in Agricultural Crop and Animal Husbandry Production ◽

10.5772/intechopen.91792 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sladjan Stankovic ◽

Miroslav Kostic ◽

Igor Kostic ◽

Slobodan Krnjajic

Keyword(s):

Food Safety ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Pest Control ◽

Food Production ◽

Economic Damage ◽

Vegetable Production ◽

Mass Trapping ◽

Pesticide Use ◽

Market Competitiveness ◽

Fresh Food

Food production is challenged by different factors: climate changes, market competitiveness, food safety, public demands, environmental challenges, new and invasive pests, etc. Intensive food production must be protected against pests, which is nowadays impossible with traditional techniques. The use of eco-friendly biopesticides based on essential oils (EOs), plant extracts (PE), and inert dusts appears to be a complementary or alternative methodology to the conventional chemically synthesized insecticides. The use of such biopesticides reduces the adverse pesticide effects on human health and environment. Biopesticides can exhibit toxic, repellent, and antifeeding effects. Development of bio-insecticides tackles the problem of food safety and residues in fresh food. Innovation within this approach is the combination of several types of active ingredients with complementary effects. Essential oils are well-known compounds with insecticide or repellent activities. New approaches, tools, and products for ecological pest management may substantially decrease pesticide use, especially in fruit and vegetable production. A win-win strategy is to find an appropriate nature-based compound having impact on pests, together with pesticide use, when unavoidable. Toxic or repellent activity could be used for pest control in the field conditions, as well as attractiveness of some compounds for mass trapping, before pests cause significant economic damage.

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Governance of Ecosystem Services in Agroecology: When Coordination is Needed but Difficult to Achieve

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11041158 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 1158 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Nicolas Salliou ◽

Roldan Muradian ◽

Cécile Barnaud

Keyword(s):

Ecosystem Services ◽

Pest Control ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Farming Systems ◽

Landscape Scale ◽

Pesticide Use ◽

Natural Habitats ◽

Biological Pest Control ◽

Coordination Strategies

Transitioning towards agroecology involves the integration of biodiversity based ecosystem services into farming systems: for example, relying on biological pest control rather than pesticides. One promising approach for pest control relies on the conservation of semi-natural habitats at the landscape scale to encourage natural enemies of insect pests. However, this approach may require coordination between farmers to manage the interdependencies between the providers and beneficiaries of this ecosystem service. The main objective of this study was to identify hindrances to landscape-scale coordination strategies to control pests. To this end, we used a theoretical framework specifically designed to explore social interdependencies linked to ecosystem services. We applied this framework to a participatory research case study on pest control in apple orchards in southwest France to identify and describe key obstacles. We found four main impediments: (1) The perception of most stakeholders that the landscape does not deliver significant pest control services, (2) the challenge of coping with agroecological uncertainties, (3) an integrated vertical supply chain focused on pesticide use, (4) the existence of independent, non-collective alternatives. We discuss the potential of overcoming these obstacles or turning them into opportunities that promote a transition to agroecology and the integration of ecosystem services in farms and their supply chains.

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