Structural Changes to a MSW Composting Plant in Accordance with Modern Waste Management Concepts in Italy

1996 ◽  
pp. 736-742
Author(s):  
Dieter Schönafinger
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Management Concepts

scholarly journals Development and Structural Changes of Carbon Footprint in EU28

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4771
Author(s):  
Josef Slaboch ◽  
Pavlína Hálová ◽  
Adriana Laputková
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Energy Industry ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Topical Issue ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Index Analysis ◽  
Per Capita

This paper discusses the topical issue which examines the development of CO2 emissions in individual countries of the European Union (EU28) for the period between 2000 and 2017. Carbon footprint is monitored in four basic economic sectors of the EU28 countries—energy, other industries, agriculture, and waste management. The purpose of this paper is to conduct a structural analysis of the percentage contribution of individual sectors while determining the average conversion of emissions in tonnes per capita for individual countries, subsequently identifying the tendencies in the development of the detected rates. A cluster analysis for the EU28 that demonstrate similar carbon footprint values in the examined economic areas is conducted for the findings. The partial aim of the paper is to perform a comparison of the monitored countries and detect whether the differences between those striving for decarbonisation are diminishing. The energy industry is the most significant contributor to emission levels. The index analysis indicates that the level of emissions throughout the EU28 in all the monitored sectors has decreased, predominantly in waste management (by 40%,) which is followed by industry (17%), energy (by 16.2%), and agriculture (by 5%). The cluster analysis conducted for 2000 and 2017 has confirmed the convergence of the identified groups of the EU28. Individual clusters of the countries thus display minor differences and converge in general.

Evaluation Methodology of Waste Management Concepts

1974 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Deonigi
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Evaluation Methodology ◽  
Management Concepts

scholarly journals Efficacious Waste Organisation in Urban Areas: A Case Study of Bauchi City

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 160-167
Author(s):  
Michael C.O. Ajufoh ◽  
Murtala A. Babaji
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Solid Waste Disposal ◽  
Management Concepts ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Waste Management Practices

Waste management is the collection, transportation, processing, recycling or disposal of waste materials. The term usually relates to materials produced by human activity and is generally undertaken to reduce their effect on health, aesthetics, amenity and the environment and also to recover resources. Waste management can involve solid liquid or gaseous substances with different methods and fields of emphasis for each. Waste management practices differ for developed, developing nations, for urban and rural areas, and for residential and industrial production. This paper tries to deal with illegal and unplanned solid waste disposal; it also attempts to proffer solutions to the problem of improper waste disposal through incineration and recycling of metals, cellophane and Teflon and how Bauchi state can generate some revenue through the recycling of these waste materials. The paper also tries to educate on the problems associated with landfills while dealing briefly, on the advantages of biological processing and also how waste can be avoided and reduced. The paper also tries to present waste management concepts in relation to Bauchi city.

scholarly journals MECHANISMS OF INFLUENCE OF ORGANIZATIONAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE TRANSFORMATION ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES

2018 ◽  
pp. 200-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iryna Cherniavska
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Organizational Transformation ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Enterprise Management ◽  
Specific Sequence ◽  
Enterprise Restructuring ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Management Concepts ◽  
Transformation Processes

The scientific provisions on the use of transformation procedures in the organizational and managerial field of the enterprise activity are sufficiently substantiated in the scientific works of well-known foreign and domestic scientists. In addition to transformational models that offer a specific sequence of stages, general approaches to organizational transformations are recently developed in the theory and practice. These approaches describe the philosophy of the process. However, the theoretical basis for the emergence of the necessity and the prospect of organizational transformations, in particular in the form of restructuring, has certain gaps and inaccuracies, which often lead to a different interpretation of the necessity and procedural security of this process in the activities of industrial enterprises. The conducted analysis of theoretical and methodical aspects of transformation processes in the organizational and managerial sphere of activity of industrial enterprises allowed identifying and justifying the criteria for the success of organizational transformations and the specific sequence of stages of their implementation. The definition of content of the category "enterprise restructuring" is proposed in the context of organizational transformation. The scheme of the process of implementation of the corresponding organizational and managerial transformations, which involves the use of new tools and methods of organization of activity and enterprise management system in order to ensure optimization of economic activity, is constructed. The scientific novelty of the results is that the methodological provisions, which are in the article, allow us to determine possible directions and types of structural transformations; to choose the controlled factors that influence the size of the market value of the enterprise by types of transformations in the organizational and managerial sphere; to present the structural model of planning and implementation of enterprise restructuring, which is consistent with the idea of the process of structural changes of the enterprise in relation to adaptation to the external environment and application of the latest management concepts; to present a structural scheme for evaluating the effectiveness of the restructuring, aimed at the development of the enterprise. The developed approaches to determining the need for transformation processes of organizational and managerial transformation and a scheme for evaluating the effectiveness of restructuring can be used by specialists to make grounded decisions aimed at the development of industrial enterprises.

scholarly journals Anaerobic Degradability of Commercially Available Bio-Based and Oxo-Degradable Packaging Materials in the Context of Their End of Life in the Waste Management Strategy

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6818
Author(s):  
Magdalena Zaborowska ◽  
Katarzyna Bernat ◽  
Bartosz Pszczółkowski ◽  
Irena Wojnowska-Baryła ◽  
Dorota Kulikowska
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Anaerobic Degradability ◽  
Methane Potential ◽  
One Year

There are discrepancies concerning the time frame for biodegradation of different commercially available foils labeled as biodegradable; thus, it is essential to provide information about their biodegradability in the context of their end of life in waste management. Therefore, one-year mesophilic (37 °C) anaerobic degradation tests of two bio-based foils (based on starch (FS), polylactic acid (FPLA)) and oxo-degradable material (FOXO) were conducted in an OxiTop system. Biodegradation was investigated by measuring biogas production (BP) and analyzing structural changes with differential scanning calorimetry, polarizing and digital microscopic analyses, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. After 1 year, FOXO had not degraded; thus, there were no visible changes on its surface and no BP. The bio-based materials produced small amounts of biogas (25.2, FPLA, and 30.4 L/kg VS, FS), constituting 2.1–2.5% of theoretical methane potential. The foil pieces were still visible and only starting to show damage; some pores had appeared in their structure. The structure of FPLA became more heterogeneous due to water diffusing into the structure. In contrast, the structure of FS became more homogenous although individual cracks and fissures appeared. The color of FS had changed, indicating that it was beginning to biodegrade. The fact that FS and FPLA showed only minor structural damage after a one-year mesophilic degradation indicates that, in these conditions, these materials would persist for an unknown but long amount of time.

scholarly journals The Evolution of Management Models: A Neo-Schumpeterian Theory

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zlatko Bodrožić ◽  
Paul S. Adler
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Management Problem ◽  
Paradigm Change ◽  
Management Models ◽  
Management Concepts ◽  
Phases Of Development ◽  
Competing Models ◽  
Problem Solving Process ◽  
Primary Cycle ◽  
The Waves

In the last century and a half, U.S. industry has seen the emergence of several different management models. We propose a theory of this evolution based on three nested and interacting processes. First, we identify several successive waves of technological revolution, each of which prompted a corresponding wave of change in the dominant organizational paradigm. Second, nested within these waves, each of these organizational paradigms emerged through two successive cycles—a primary cycle that generated a new management model making the prior organizational paradigm obsolete, and a secondary cycle that generated another model that mitigated the dysfunctions of the primary cycle’s model. Third, nested within each cycle is a problem-solving process in which each model’s development passed through four main phases: (1) identification of a widespread organizational and management problem, (2) creation of innovative managerial concepts that offer various solutions to this problem, (3) emergence and theorization of a new model from among these concepts, and (4) dissemination and diffusion of this model. By linking new models’ emergence to specific technological revolutions, we can explain changes in their contents. By integrating a dialectical account of the paired cycles with an account of the waves of paradigm change, we can see how apparently competing models are better understood as complementary pairs in a common paradigm. And by unpacking each model’s phases of development, we can identify the roles played by various actors and management concepts in driving change in the models’ contents and see the agency behind these structural changes.

scholarly journals Implementation of 3R Principle in Construction and Demolition Waste Management

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 667-672
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Construction And Demolition Waste ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Building Site ◽  
Building Projects ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Management Concepts ◽  
Construction Type

Building and demolition of structures are common in developing nations owing to fast urbanization taking place. These operations produce an enormous quantity of waste products that are detrimental to the environment, requiring an efficient method of waste management. Construction and Demolition Waste Management (C&DWM) methods frequently embrace the 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) principle for suitable waste management in construction sites. Managing different waste in separate areas of the industry seems very important nowadays. Most contemporary Western counties around the globe set separate laws to reduce and handle the quantity of waste in various areas of their industries as well. However, waste manufacturing is inevitable in the building sector, and no building site is less waste. Different kinds of waste in building sites can cause infinite social and environmental issues. It seems crystal clear that there is a huge need for waste management in such a scenario. A fresh idea on building waste management has been suggested in latest years is "3R" concept, which is based on three key waste management concepts such as reuse, recycle and reduce. Waste management was discussed in the introduction chapter. Then Construction type of waste was evaluated after Managing was reviewed, then various kinds of waste followed by how to do energy recovery through "3R" principles and lastly how to execute energy recovery through the "3R" principles mentioned. Hopefully the content of this article will benefit various individuals in charge of building projects.

Fine Structural Changes in the Microvasculature of the Mouse Pinna: Aging and Radiation Injury

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 54-55
Author(s):  
S. Phyllis Steamer ◽  
Rosemarie L. Devine
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Radiation Treatment ◽  
Arterial Stenosis ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Vascular Effects ◽  
Microvascular Changes ◽  
Surrounding Connective Tissue ◽  
Fission Neutrons ◽  
Total Body

The importance of radiation damage to the skin and its vasculature was recognized by the early radiologists. In more recent studies, vascular effects were shown to involve the endothelium as well as the surrounding connective tissue. Microvascular changes in the mouse pinna were studied in vivo and recorded photographically over a period of 12-18 months. Radiation treatment at 110 days of age was total body exposure to either 240 rad fission neutrons or 855 rad 60Co gamma rays. After in vivo observations in control and irradiated mice, animals were sacrificed for examination of changes in vascular fine structure. Vessels were selected from regions of specific interest that had been identified on photomicrographs. Prominent ultrastructural changes can be attributed to aging as well as to radiation treatment. Of principal concern were determinations of ultrastructural changes associated with venous dilatations, segmental arterial stenosis and tortuosities of both veins and arteries, effects that had been identified on the basis of light microscopic observations. Tortuosities and irregularly dilated vein segments were related to both aging and radiation changes but arterial stenosis was observed only in irradiated animals.

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