Current status of cool season food legume crop improvement: an assessment of critical needs

1988 ◽  
pp. 67-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Hawtin ◽  
F. J. Muehlbauer ◽  
A. E. Slinkard ◽  
K. B. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Legume Crop ◽  
Food Legume ◽  
Critical Needs

scholarly journals Genetic Transformation of Apomictic Grasses: Progress and Constraints

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés M. Bellido ◽  
Eduado D. Souza Canadá ◽  
Hugo R. Permingeat ◽  
Viviana Echenique
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Transformation ◽  
Plant Transformation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Apomictic Species ◽  
Transformation Methods

The available methods for plant transformation and expansion beyond its limits remain especially critical for crop improvement. For grass species, this is even more critical, mainly due to drawbacks in in vitro regeneration. Despite the existence of many protocols in grasses to achieve genetic transformation through Agrobacterium or biolistic gene delivery, their efficiencies are genotype-dependent and still very low due to the recalcitrance of these species to in vitro regeneration. Many plant transformation facilities for cereals and other important crops may be found around the world in universities and enterprises, but this is not the case for apomictic species, many of which are C4 grasses. Moreover, apomixis (asexual reproduction by seeds) represents an additional constraint for breeding. However, the transformation of an apomictic clone is an attractive strategy, as the transgene is immediately fixed in a highly adapted genetic background, capable of large-scale clonal propagation. With the exception of some species like Brachiaria brizantha which is planted in approximately 100 M ha in Brazil, apomixis is almost non-present in economically important crops. However, as it is sometimes present in their wild relatives, the main goal is to transfer this trait to crops to fix heterosis. Until now this has been a difficult task, mainly because many aspects of apomixis are unknown. Over the last few years, many candidate genes have been identified and attempts have been made to characterize them functionally in Arabidopsis and rice. However, functional analysis in true apomictic species lags far behind, mainly due to the complexity of its genomes, of the trait itself, and the lack of efficient genetic transformation protocols. In this study, we review the current status of the in vitro culture and genetic transformation methods focusing on apomictic grasses, and the prospects for the application of new tools assayed in other related species, with two aims: to pave the way for discovering the molecular pathways involved in apomixis and to develop new capacities for breeding purposes because many of these grasses are important forage or biofuel resources.

scholarly journals Faba Bean Gall (Olpidium viciae K.) as a Priority Biosecurity Threat for Producing Faba Bean in Ethiopia: Current Status and Future Perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Birhanu Kahsay Meresa ◽  
Hailay Mehari Gebremedhin
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Current Status ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
The People ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

The diploid cool-season legume species, faba bean (Vicia faba L.), is one of the vital pulses for the people in the world as it maintains the sustainability of agriculture and provides nutrient-rich grains. Biotic and abiotic stresses are, however, challenging the faba bean production in many countries. The foliar diseases of faba bean are among the major constraints for the production and productivity of faba bean. Recently, a new foliar disease “Faba bean gall” caused by plant debris and soil-borne pathogen (Olpidium viciae K.) is rapidly spreading and causing high yield losses in Ethiopia. This review paper presents the distribution, impact, epidemiology, and biology of faba bean gall pathogen and principally illustrates how the application and investigation of the various diseases’ management approaches such as avoiding crop residues, crop rotation, intercropping, use of elicitors to induce host resistance, use of resistant genotypes, bioagents, compost teas, plant extracts, and lastly use of chemical fungicides could be important to control the faba bean gall disease underlying in faba bean.

The potential of gene technology and genome analysis for cool season food legume crops: theory and practice

Euphytica ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 73 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 177-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Kahl ◽  
D. Kaemmer ◽  
K. Weising ◽  
S. Kost ◽  
F. Weigand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Analysis ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Gene Technology ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Food Legume ◽  
Legume Crops

scholarly journals Legume biology: the basis for crop improvement

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. v ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajeev K. Varshney ◽  
Himabindu Kudapa
Keyword(s):  
Target Genes ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Legume Crop ◽  
Precise Understanding

Legumes represent the most valued food sources in agriculture after cereals. Despite the advances made in breeding food legumes, there is a need to develop and further improve legume productivity to meet increasing food demand worldwide. Several biotic and abiotic stresses affect legume crop productivity throughout the world. The study of legume genetics, genomics and biology are all important in order to understand the limitations of yield of legume crops and to support our legume breeding programs. With the advent of huge genomic resources and modern technologies, legume research can be directed towards precise understanding of the target genes responsible for controlling important traits for yield potential, and for resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses. Programmed and systematic research will lead to developing high yielding, stress tolerant and early maturing varieties. This issue of Functional Plant Biology is dedicated to ‘Legume Biology’ research covering part of the work presented at VI International Conference on Legume Genetics and Genomics held at Hyderabad, India, in 2012. The 13 contributions cover recent advances in legume research in the context of plant architecture and trait mapping, functional genomics, biotic stress and abiotic stress.

Potential for wild species in cool season food legume breeding

Euphytica ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 73 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Muehlbauer ◽  
W. J. Kaiser ◽  
C. J. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Wild Species ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Food Legume ◽  
Legume Breeding

scholarly journals Influence of Silicon on Biocontrol Strategies to Manage Biotic Stress for Crop Protection, Performance, and Improvement

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2163
Author(s):  
Krishan K. Verma ◽  
Xiu-Peng Song ◽  
Dan-Dan Tian ◽  
Dao-Jun Guo ◽  
Zhong-Liang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biotic Stress ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Common Element ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Pest Infestation ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Term Basis ◽  
Near Future

Silicon (Si) has never been acknowledged as a vital nutrient though it confers a crucial role in a variety of plants. Si may usually be expressed more clearly in Si-accumulating plants subjected to biotic stress. It safeguards several plant species from disease. It is considered as a common element in the lithosphere of up to 30% of soils, with most minerals and rocks containing silicon, and is classified as a “significant non-essential” element for plants. Plant roots absorb Si, which is subsequently transferred to the aboveground parts through transpiration stream. The soluble Si in cytosol activates metabolic processes that create jasmonic acid and herbivore-induced organic compounds in plants to extend their defense against biotic stressors. The soluble Si in the plant tissues also attracts natural predators and parasitoids during pest infestation to boost biological control, and it acts as a natural insect repellent. However, so far scientists, policymakers, and farmers have paid little attention to its usage as a pesticide. The recent developments in the era of genomics and metabolomics have opened a new window of knowledge in designing molecular strategies integrated with the role of Si in stress mitigation in plants. Accordingly, the present review summarizes the current status of Si-mediated plant defense against insect, fungal, and bacterial attacks. It was noted that the Si-application quenches biotic stress on a long-term basis, which could be beneficial for ecologically integrated strategy instead of using pesticides in the near future for crop improvement and to enhance productivity.

scholarly journals CURRENT STATUS OF TRANSGENIC COTTON-UTILITY OF GENOTYPE INDEPENDENT IN PLANTA APPROACHES FOR THE GENERATION OF TRANSGENICS

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kesiraju Karthik
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Transgenic Cotton ◽  
Current Status ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Independent Manner ◽  
Gossypium Spp

Cotton (Gossypium spp.), is a mercantile crop plant is grown for its fluffy fiber and cotton seed oil in around 70 countries worldwide. Cotton is an economically important crop, shows erratic productivity under rain feed conditions; it is bogged down with many biotic and abiotic stresses. Due to lack of resistant germplasm, crop improvement through conventional breeding practices has been lagging. Genetic engineering offers numerous protocols to engineer plants to overcome stress. Biotechnological intervention for cotton improvement has begun three decades ago. The recalcitrance of cotton to tissue culture has been the major constraint for in vitro regeneration. Alternate methods that evade tissue culture regeneration steps have thus been envisaged. Till date there are very few standardized protocols that can be employed to develop transgenics in a genotype independent manner. Thus, genotype independent in planta transformation strategies have gained momentum in the present days, but reproducibility of reported protocols remains an amigna in many cases. In planta transformations holds prominence due to viability and ease in generation of transgenic cotton plants with in less time. This review focuses on grouping efforts made by different research groups in this senior. Several reports and standardizations have been focused that reports development of transgenic cotton.

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