scholarly journals Faba Bean Gall (Olpidium viciae K.) as a Priority Biosecurity Threat for Producing Faba Bean in Ethiopia: Current Status and Future Perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Birhanu Kahsay Meresa ◽  
Hailay Mehari Gebremedhin
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Current Status ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
The People ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

The diploid cool-season legume species, faba bean (Vicia faba L.), is one of the vital pulses for the people in the world as it maintains the sustainability of agriculture and provides nutrient-rich grains. Biotic and abiotic stresses are, however, challenging the faba bean production in many countries. The foliar diseases of faba bean are among the major constraints for the production and productivity of faba bean. Recently, a new foliar disease “Faba bean gall” caused by plant debris and soil-borne pathogen (Olpidium viciae K.) is rapidly spreading and causing high yield losses in Ethiopia. This review paper presents the distribution, impact, epidemiology, and biology of faba bean gall pathogen and principally illustrates how the application and investigation of the various diseases’ management approaches such as avoiding crop residues, crop rotation, intercropping, use of elicitors to induce host resistance, use of resistant genotypes, bioagents, compost teas, plant extracts, and lastly use of chemical fungicides could be important to control the faba bean gall disease underlying in faba bean.

INTERPRETATION OF SINO-RUSSIAN CULTURE AND HUMANITIES COOPERATION IN THE NEW ERA

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-193
Author(s):  
REN YANYAN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Current Status ◽  
Human Relations ◽  
New Era ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
The People ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Cooperative Partnership ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road

The friendship between nations lies in the mutual affinity of the people, and the people’s affinity lies in the communion of hearts. The cultural and humanities cooperation between China and Russia has a long history. In recent years, under the role of the“Belt and Road” initiative, the SCO, and the Sino-Russian Humanities Cooperation Committee, Sino-Russian culture and humanities cooperation has continued to deepen. Entering a new era, taking the opportunity to promote Sino-Russian relations into a “new era China-Russia comprehensive strategic cooperative partnership”, the development of human relations between the two countries has entered a new historical starting point, while also facing a series of problems and challenges. This article is based on the current status of Sino-Russian human relations in the new era, interprets the characteristics of Sino-Russian human relations in the new era, analyzes the problems and challenges of Sino-Russian human relations in the new era, and tries to propose solutions and solutions with a view to further developing Sino-Russian cultural and humanities relations in the new era. It is a useful reference, and provides a reference for future related research, and ultimately helps the Sino-Russian cultural and humanities relations in the new era to be stable and far-reaching.

Progress towards no-till organic weed control in western Canada

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Shirtliffe ◽  
Eric N. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
No Till ◽  
Green Manure Crops

AbstractOrganic farmers in western Canada rely on tillage to control weeds and incorporate crop residues that could plug mechanical weed-control implements. However, tillage significantly increases the risk of soil erosion. For farmers seeking to reduce or eliminate tillage, potential alternatives include mowing or using a roller crimper for terminating green manure crops (cover crops) or using a minimum tillage (min-till) rotary hoe for mechanically controlling weeds. Although many researchers have studied organic crop production in western Canada, few have studied no-till organic production practices. Two studies were recently conducted in Saskatchewan to determine the efficacy of the following alternatives to tillage: mowing and roller crimping for weed control, and min-till rotary hoeing weed control in field pea (Pisum sativum L.). The first study compared mowing and roller crimping with tillage when terminating faba bean (Vicia faba L.) and field pea green manure crops. Early termination of annual green manure crops with roller crimping or mowing resulted in less weed regrowth compared with tillage. When compared with faba bean, field pea produced greater crop biomass, suppressed weeds better and had less regrowth. Wheat yields following pea were not affected by the method of termination. Thus, this first study indicated that roller crimping and mowing are viable alternatives to tillage to terminate field pea green manure crops. The second study evaluated the tolerance and efficacy of a min-till rotary harrow in no-till field pea production. The min-till rotary hoe was able to operate in no-till cereal residues and multiple passes did not affect the level of residue cover. Field pea exhibited excellent tolerance to the min-till rotary hoe. Good weed control occurred with multiple rotary hoe passes, and pea seed yield was 87% of the yield obtained in the herbicide-treated check. Therefore, this second study demonstrated that min-till rotary hoeing effectively controls many small seeded annual weeds in the presence of crop residue and thus can reduce the need for tillage in organic-cropping systems.

Overcoming biotic and abiotic stresses in the Solanaceae through grafting: current status and future perspectives

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 272-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.D.H. Keatinge ◽  
L.-J. Lin ◽  
A.W. Ebert ◽  
W.Y. Chen ◽  
J.d'A. Hughes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses

scholarly journals Shared decision-making in the People’s Republic of China: current status and future directions

2015 ◽  
pp. 1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongchong Huang ◽  
Michael R. Gionfriddo ◽  
Aaron Leppin ◽  
Henry H. Ting ◽  
Lizhi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Shared Decision Making ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Shared Decision ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The People

Factors of yield determination in faba bean (Vicia faba)

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najeeb H. Alharbi ◽  
Kedar N. Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Legume Crop ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Yield Determination

Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is an important cool-season legume crop that ranks fourth after chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), field pea (Pisum sativum L.) and lentil (Lens culinaris L.) in terms of total production. The global production of faba bean was 4.8 Mt in 2017, with China, Ethiopia and Australia being the largest producers (1.8, 0.93 and 0.37 Mt, respectively). However, its area of production is not increasing relative to other crops, mainly because of high yield instability. This can be attributed to several factors related to plant traits (e.g. phenology, morpho-physiology) and biotic and abiotic stresses. Faba bean has a very poor flower:pod ratio, with a maximum 20% of flowers resulting in pods. Environmental stresses such as frost, heat and drought cause significant damage to flowers and young pods; therefore, matching phenology of crops to the environment is important for avoiding or minimising detrimental effects of unfavourable environmental conditions. In order to improve adaptation and yield, we need to understand the main factors affecting plant growth, including biotic stresses, identify the main yield components, and find traits associated with tolerance to frost, heat and drought.

scholarly journals Assessment on CPR Knowledge and AED Availability in Saudi Malls by Security Personnel: Public Safety Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Samer A. Al Haliq ◽  
Omar M. Khraisat ◽  
Mohamed A. Kandil ◽  
Mohammed A. Al Jumaan ◽  
Faris M. Alotaibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Association ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Eastern Province ◽  
Sample Mean ◽  
The People ◽  
Security Personnel ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Hospital Cardiac Arrest ◽  
External Defibrillator

Security personnel are the first ones who attend the scene in the case of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) at malls. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is not enough for those patients; they need an automated external defibrillator (AED) to bring the heart to function normally. This study aimed to assess the current status of CPR and AED knowledge and availability in Saudi malls by security personnel. Using a descriptive design, a study was conducted at seven malls located in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Two hundred and fifty participants were surveyed using the American Heart Association (AHA) 2015 guidelines to assess CPR and AED knowledge and availability in Saudi malls. The sample mean age was 32.60 years (SD = 10.02), and 87% of participants were working as security personnel. The majority of the participants had not received training about CPR and AED (75.8% and 95.2%, respectively). Common misconceptions are fallen into all categories of CPR and AED knowledge. Correctly answered statements ranged from 7.2% in the compression rate to 24.2% in hand placement. The study results indicated a poor training knowledge of CPR and AED in public settings. Integrating high-quality CPR and AED knowledge within the school and college curricula is a vital need. However, in order to maximize the survival rate, it is important to set laws and legislation adopted by stakeholders and decision makers to advocate the people who try to help, mandate AED installation in crowded places, and mandate teaching hands-only CPR and AED together as a package.

scholarly journals Vertisols and Cambisols had contrasting short term greenhouse gas responses to crop residue management

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 222-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Badagliacca ◽  
Robert Martin Rees ◽  
Dario Giambalvo ◽  
Sergio Saia
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Short Term ◽  
N Dynamics ◽  
Total N ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Residue Decomposition ◽  
Soil C And N ◽  
C And N

In sustainable agriculture crop residues management should consider the interactions between soil and residue properties, which can affect the decomposition and global greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission. Through a laboratory experiment, we investigated the effect of the management (incorporation and surface placement) of wheat and faba bean residues on their decomposition and CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O emissions from two soils, a Chromic Vertisol and an Eutric Cambisol. In the Vertisol, wheat residues increased the CO<sub>2</sub> emission more than faba bean when left on the surface whereas no differences among residues were observed when incorporated. In the Cambisol, faba bean emitted more than wheat when left in the surface and less when incorporated. Total CH<sub>4</sub> emissions were higher in faba bean in Cambisol for both management and only when applied in the surface in Vertisol. Total N<sub>2</sub>O emission in the Vertisol was higher when faba bean was incorporated, and wheat was left on the surface. In the Cambisol, wheat addition increased total N<sub>2</sub>O emissions by 20% compared to faba bean, with no differences between managements. Our study confirmed that contrasting properties among tested soils resulted in significant interactions with residues own degradability and their placement affecting residue decomposition, soil C and N dynamics, and GHGs emission.

Faba bean genomics: current status and future prospects

Euphytica ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 186 (3) ◽  
pp. 609-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salem S. Alghamdi ◽  
Hussein M. Migdadi ◽  
Megahed H. Ammar ◽  
Jeffrey G. Paull ◽  
K. H. M. Siddique
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Prospects

Management of Antarctic baleen whales amid past exploitation, current threats and complex marine ecosystems

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 503-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Leaper ◽  
Cara Miller
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Baleen Whales ◽  
Habitat Features ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
Anthropogenic Threats ◽  
The Antarctic

AbstractAs baleen whales recover from severe exploitation, they are probably subject to a wide variety of threats within the Antarctic marine ecosystem, including directed take. Here we review both the management and current status of Antarctic baleen whales and consider those threats likely to impact on them. Threats range from global problems - marine pollution and climate change - to localized issues including shipping, habitat disturbance, unregulated wildlife tourism and fishery activities. We identify the most pressing anthropogenic threats to baleen whales including scientific whaling and climate change. It is unclear whether current management approaches will be able to effectively encompass all these threats while also accounting both for the differing levels of scientific understanding and for the differing recovery rates of the whale species. For management we recommend the following: 1) incorporation of both ecosystem considerations and the suite of identified threats not limited to direct take, 2) identification of measurable indicators of changes in whales that allow more certainty in monitoring of populations and the environment, and 3) recognition of significant relationships between baleen whales and habitat features to provide information on distribution and use.

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