Soil Erosion, Soil Degradation and Climatic Change

1991 ◽  
pp. 275-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. de Ploey ◽  
A. Imeson ◽  
L. R. Oldeman
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Climatic Change ◽  
Soil Degradation

scholarly journals Soil Erosion Susceptibility Prediction in Railway Corridors Using RUSLE, Soil Degradation Index and the New Normalized Difference Railway Erosivity Index (NDReLI)

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 348
Author(s):  
Yashon O. Ouma ◽  
Lone Lottering ◽  
Ryutaro Tateishi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Soil Degradation ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Degradation Index ◽  
Erosivity Index ◽  
Loss Index ◽  
Very High

This study presents a remote sensing-based index for the prediction of soil erosion susceptibility within railway corridors. The empirically derived index, Normalized Difference Railway Erosivity Index (NDReLI), is based on the Landsat-8 SWIR spectral reflectances and takes into account the bare soil and vegetation reflectances especially in semi-arid environments. For the case study of the Botswana Railway Corridor (BRC), the NDReLI results are compared with the RUSLE and the Soil Degradation Index (SDI). The RUSLE model showed that within the BRC, the mean annual soil loss index was at 0.139 ton ha−1 year−1, and only about 1% of the corridor area is susceptible to high (1.423–3.053 ton ha−1 year−1) and very high (3.053–5.854 ton ha−1 year−1) soil loss, while SDI estimated 19.4% of the railway corridor as vulnerable to soil degradation. NDReLI results based on SWIR1 (1.57–1.65 μm) predicted the most vulnerable areas, with a very high erosivity index (0.36–0.95), while SWIR2 (2.11–2.29 μm) predicted the same regions at a high erosivity index (0.13–0.36). From empirical validation using previous soil erosion events within the BRC, the proposed NDReLI performed better that the RUSLE and SDI models in the prediction of the spatial locations and extents of susceptibility to soil erosion within the BRC.

scholarly journals Institutional landmarks in Brazilian research on soil erosion: a historical overview

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1431-1440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago Santos Telles ◽  
Sonia Carmela Falci Dechen ◽  
Maria de Fátima Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Soil Degradation ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Graduate Studies ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Soil And Water

The problem of soil erosion in Brazil has been a focus of agricultural scientific research since the 19th century. The aim of this study was to provide a historical overview of the institutional landmarks which gave rise to the first studies in soil erosion and established the foundations of agricultural research in Brazil. The 19th century and beginning of the 20th century saw the founding of a series of institutions in Brazil, such as Botanical Gardens, executive institutions, research institutes, experimental stations, educational institutions of agricultural sciences, as well as the creation and diversification of scientific journals. These entities, each in its own way, served to foster soil erosion research in Brazil. During the Imperial period (1808-1889), discussions focused on soil degradation and conserving the fertility of agricultural land. During the First Republic (1889-1930), with the founding of various educational institutions and consolidation of research on soil degradation conducted by the Agronomic Institute of Campinas in the State of São Paulo, studies focused on soil depletion, identification of the major factors causing soil erosion and the measures necessary to control it. During the New State period (1930-1945), many soil conservation practices were developed and disseminated to combat erosion and field trials were set up, mainly to measure soil and water losses induced by hydric erosion. During the Brazilian New Republic (1945-1964), experiments were conducted throughout Brazil, consolidating soil and water conservation as one of the main areas of Soil Science in Brazil. This was followed by scientific conferences on erosion and the institutionalization of post-graduate studies. During the Military Regime (1964-1985), many research and educational institutions were founded, experimental studies intensified, and coincidently, soil erosion reached alarming levels which led to the development of the no-tillage system.

scholarly journals Soil degradation: a problem threatening the sustainable development of agriculture in Northeast China

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 87-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
X.B. Liu ◽  
X.Y. Zhang ◽  
Y.X. Wang ◽  
Y.Y. Sui ◽  
S.L. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Soil Degradation ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Grain Production

Soil degradation that results from erosion, losses of organic matter and nutrients, or soil compaction are of great concern in every agricultural region of the world. The control of soil erosion and loss of organic matter has been proposed as critical to agricultural and environmental sustainability of Northeast China. This region is bread basket of China where the fertile and productive soils, Mollisols (also called Black soils), are primarily distributed. In this paper, we introduce the importance of Northeast China’s grain production to China, and describe the changes of sown acreage and grain production in past decades. This paper also summarizes the distribution, area and intensity of water erosion, changes in the number of gullies and gully density, thickness of top soil layer, soil organic matter content, bulk density, field water holding capacity, and infiltration rates; the number of soil microorganism and main enzyme activities from soil erosion in the region are also summarized. The moderately and severely water-eroded area accounted for 31.4% and 7.9% of the total, and annual declining rate is 1.8%. Erosion rate is 1.24–2.41 mm/year, and soil loss in 1°, 5° and 15° sloping farmlands is 3 t/ha/year, 78 t/ha/year and 220.5 t/ha/year, respectively. SOC content of uncultivated soil was nearly twice that of soil with a 50-year cultivation history, and the average annual declining rate of soil organic matter was 0.5%. Proper adoption of crop rotation can increase or maintain the quantity and quality of soil organic matter, and improve soil chemical and physical properties. Proposed strategies for erosion control, in particular how tillage management, terraces and strip cultivation, or soil amendments contribute to maintain or restore the productivity of severely eroded farmland, are discussed in the context of agricultural sustainability with an emphasis on the Chinese Mollisols.

scholarly journals The Effect of Shallow Tillage on Soil Erosion in a Semi-Arid Vineyard

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Novara ◽  
Giovanni Stallone ◽  
Artemio Cerdà ◽  
Luciano Gristina
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Degradation ◽  
Erosion Rate ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Strip Tillage ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Tillage Erosion

Soil erosion has been considered a threat for semi-arid lands due to the removal of solid materials by water and wind. Although water erosion is currently considered the most important process of soil degradation, a growing interest has been drawn to the impact of soil tillage. Although numerous studies on tillage erosion have been carried out on arable land using a moldboard plow, a chisel, and a tandem disc for different crops, there are no studies on the effect of shallow tillage on soil redistribution in vineyards. The aim of this work was to evaluate the soil tillage erosion rate in a vineyard using a 13C natural abundance tracer. A strip of soil (C3-C soil) was removed, mixed with C4-C tracer, and replaced. After the installation of the strip, tillage (upslope in one inter-row and downslope in the other inter-row) was performed with a cultivator and soil was collected along the slope with an interval of 0.2 m from the C4-C strip. Soil organic carbon and δ13C were measured and the total mass of translocated soil (T) soil was calculated. The net effect of tillage after two consecutive operations (downslope and upslope tillage) was a T of 49.3 ± 4.2 kg m−1. The estimated annual erosion rate due to tillage in the studied vineyard was 9.5 ± 1.2 Mg ha−1year−1. The contribution of the soil tillage erosion rate was compared with that of water erosion in the same vineyard, and we conclude that tillage is a threat to soil degradation.

Situ Monitoring and Numerical Analyzing of Soil Degradation Kinetic Parameter

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 3048-3053
Author(s):  
Yuan Yuan Guan ◽  
Xiao Guang Zhao ◽  
Xing Hua Ou ◽  
Shi Jie Song
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Land Degradation ◽  
Soil Degradation ◽  
Intrinsic Factor ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Degradation Kinetic ◽  
Effect Factor

Immanent factors and change process in land degradation through soil degradation process is reflected, the main types of soil degradation are soil erosion and land desertification. This article take soil erosion as main degenerated form research land degradation intrinsic major effect factor. But soil erosion's major indexes are soil anti-scouring, soil anti-scouring macroscopic representation is soil anti-shear strength. How in situ testing, the quantitative reflection soil degradation's intrinsic factor is the soil degradation new problem. To solve this problem, the research and development has been able to reflect the soil degradation major effect factor the apparatus of mensurated soil anti-shear strength. This instrument has functions and so on man-machine interface, data storage, serial port communication, and uses the least square method analysis and digital filtering in order to the data analysis, the curve fitting. After and the traditional experiment's result contrast, has confirmed instrument's feasibility, the usability and the accuracy. Research on prevention of soil degradation in the main factors providing new ideas and concepts; can be a new index for monitoring soil degradation; and monitoring of soil degradation, provides a new technological means.

Modelling of impacts of erosion processes on agricultural landscapes due to intensive rainfall events

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Kohnová ◽  
Zuzana Németová
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Degradation ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Assessment Methods ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Degradation Processes ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Erosion Models ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Physically Based Models

<p>At present, the occurrence of extreme precipitation events is becoming more and more frequent and therefore it is important to quantify their impact on the landscape and soil degradation processes. Until now a wide range of soil erosion models have been developed and many significant studies performed to evaluate soil erosion processes at local and regional level, but there are still many modeling principles that suffer from a range of problems. The general problem in soil erosion modelling lies in the validation and verification of the methodologies used. The validation of erosion models is a very complicated and complex process due to lack of suitable sites, financial demands and due to the high temporal and spatial variability. The paper points to validate the physically and event-based Erosion-3D model predominantly developed to calculate the amounts of soil loss, surface runoff, and depositions resulting from natural and design rainfall events. In the study two different erosion assessment methods were chosen in order to compare diverse evaluation approaches. Both water erosion assessment methods used have certain advantages and disadvantages, but nowadays the use of physically-based models, which are a younger generation of models, are regarded to be a more innovative and effective technique for the evaluation of complex runoff-erosion processes, deposition and transport processes. The significant contribution of physically-based models is seen in their more precise representation of the erosion and deposition processes, a more proper calculation of the erosion, deposition and sediment yields and the application of more complicated characteristics, including fluctuating soil conditions and surface properties in comparison with empirical models. The validation of the models was performed based on the continuous rainfall events for the period selected (2015, 2016 and 2017). The extreme rainfall events occurring during the period were chosen and their serious impact on the agricultural land was modeled. The modelled sediment data were compared with the measured sediment deposition data obtained by a bathymetry survey of the Svacenicky Creek polder. The polder is situated in the middle of the Myjava hill lands in the western part of Slovakia and the bathymetry measurement were conducted using a hydrographical survey using the EcoMapper Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) device. The results of the study include a comparison between the modelled and measured data and an assessment of the impact of the intensive rainfall events on the investigated territory.</p><p>Key words: intensive rainfall events, agricultural land, soil degradation processes, hydrological extremes, physically-based model</p>

scholarly journals Establishment and application of soil hydraulic erosion model based on GIS and USLE model

2021 ◽  
Vol 257 ◽  
pp. 03056
Author(s):  
Ke-xin Guo ◽  
Ying-xian Cao
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Degradation ◽  
Steep Slope ◽  
Temporal Dynamic ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Erosion Model ◽  
Environmental Destruction ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Average Modulus ◽  
Soil Hydraulic

Soil erosion is the most common form of soil degradation, which is the main problem of soil environmental destruction worldwide. Based on the USLE and GIS remote sensing inversion and superposition analysis technology, this study simulated and calculated soil hydraulic erosion in Fangshan World Geological Park, China in 2011, 2012 and 2013, analyzed its spatial-temporal dynamic changes, and explored the key points of soil erosion control in the study area. The results show that (1) The main erosion occurred at 25°-35° steep slope and 400-800m height, which accounted for more than 30% of the total soil erosion in all the three years. (2) The average erosion modulus and erosion amount in 2012 were significant higher than that in 2011 and 2013 at each slope grade, shown that the soil erosion of 2012 is influenced by natural disaster.With the increase of slope grade, the average modulus also increased.

scholarly journals Arahan Konservasi DAS Meureudu Menggunakan Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG)

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 423-429
Author(s):  
Ummi Kalsum ◽  
Yuswar Yunus ◽  
T Ferijal
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Geographic Information Systems ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Degradation ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Conservation Practices ◽  
Proper Management

Abstrak.  Erosi dapat memicu degradasi lahan. Potensi erosi akan meningkat dengan semakin berkurangnya tutupan lahan dan minimnya tindakan konservasi. SIG diterapkan dalam berbagai ilmu antaranya yaitu dalam bidang bidang sumberdaya alam (inventarisasi manajemen dan kesesuaian lahan untuk pertanian). Rumusan masalahnya adalah sebagai berikut, Apakah kelas erosi yang terjadi di DAS Meureudu berada dalam kategori sedang ? Bagaimana penerapan upaya konservasi vegetatif dan mekanik ? Apakah terdapat korelasi antara besarnya erosi dengan upaya konservasinya ?. Kelas erosi yang terjadi di DAS Meureudu berada dalam kategori sedang. Upaya konservasi vegetatif dan mekanik di DAS Meureudu dapat diterapkan. Terdapat korelasi antara besarnya erosi yang terjadi di DAS Meureudu dengan upaya konservasinya. Jumlah erosi total yang terdapat di DAS Meureudu sebesar 109,52 ton/ha/thn, termasuk kedalam kelas laju erosi yang sedang. konservasi yang disarankan dapat mengurangi laju erosi yang terdapat di DAS Meureudu menjadi 24,62 ton/ha/thn. Penerapan konservasi dengan jenis tanaman dan pengelolaan yang tepat dapat mengurangi kelas laju erosi sedang menjadi ringan.Kata kunci : Erosi, SIG, KonservasiAbstract. Erosion triggers soil degradation and its rate will increase due to a decline topsoil quality with no real conservation. By using GIS (Geographic Information Systems) to examine the soil erosion and the conservation practices on the Drainage Basin (DAS) Meureudu.The formulation of the problem is as follows, Do class erosion in the watershed Meureudu in a category is? How the application of vegetative and mechanical conservation efforts? Whether there is a correlation between the magnitude of erosion by conservation efforts?. Class erosion in the watershed Meureudu are in the medium category. Vegetative and mechanical conservation efforts in the watershed Meureudu can be applied. There is a correlation between the magnitude of the erosion in the watershed Meureudu with conservation aims. it was found that the total erosion in that area was 109,52 ton/ha/year (categorized as average rate of soil erosion). Concerning this result, the conservation practices needed was 24,62 ton/ha/year. Applying appropriate conservation such as using proper management and plants will decrease the rate of soil erosion.Keywords: Erosion, GIS, ConservationAbstract. Erosion triggers soil degradation and its rate will increase due to a decline topsoil quality with no real conservation. By using GIS (Geographic Information Systems) to examine the soil erosion and the conservation practices on the Drainage Basin (DAS) Meureudu.The formulation of the problem is as follows, Do class erosion in the watershed Meureudu in a category is? How the application of vegetative and mechanical conservation efforts? Whether there is a correlation between the magnitude of erosion by conservation efforts?. Class erosion in the watershed Meureudu are in the medium category. Vegetative and mechanical conservation efforts in the watershed Meureudu can be applied. There is a correlation between the magnitude of the erosion in the watershed Meureudu with conservation aims. it was found that the total erosion in that area was 109,52 ton/ha/year (categorized as average rate of soil erosion). Concerning this result, the conservation practices needed was 24,62 ton/ha/year. Applying appropriate conservation such as using proper management and plants will decrease the rate of soil erosion

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