Rehabilitation of Acid Soils in Lithuania by Liming and Long Term Manurial Treatment

2000 ◽  
pp. 285-291
Author(s):  
A. Pleseviciene ◽  
B. Jankauskas
Keyword(s):  
Acid Soils ◽  
Manurial Treatment

Crop responses to lime in long-term pasture-crop rotations in a high rainfall area in south-eastern Australia

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 329 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Li ◽  
K. R. Helyar ◽  
M. K. Conyers ◽  
B. R. Cullis ◽  
P. D. Cregan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
High Rainfall ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Permanent Pasture ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
South Eastern Australia

A long-term trial, known as ‘managing acid soils through efficient rotations’ (MASTER), commenced in 1992 to develop and demonstrate a cropping system that is economically viable on the highly acid soils of the traditional permanent pasture region in south-eastern Australia, so that their fertility is sustained or improved. There were 2 permanent pasture systems and 2 pasture–crop rotations, each with and without lime. This paper reports the effect of lime on crop production over the first cycle (6 years). On annual pasture–crop rotations, lime significantly increased the dry matter production at anthesis and grain yields of wheat (cv. Dollarbird) compared with the unlimed treatments. Averaged across years from 1992 to 1997 (excluding the severe drought year 1994), wheat crops produced 1.6 t/ha more grain on the limed treatments than on the unlimed treatments (3.6 v. 2.0 t/ha). On perennial pasture–crop rotations, the lime effects varied with crops grown at each phase and year. For example, despite being tolerant of acidity, oats (cv. Yarran) responded to lime in 1996. Likewise, triticale (cv. Abacus) responded to lime in 1997. Wheat (cv. Dollarbird) that is moderately tolerant to acidity responded to lime in phase 6 from 1992 to 1997 excluding 1994 (3.5 v. 1.7 t/ha). Acid-tolerant wheat varieties, triticale, and narrow-leaf lupins are considered the most viable crops for the soil and climatic conditions encountered in this high rainfall (5000—800 mm per annum) area of south-eastern Australia.

Pasture and sheep responses to lime application in a grazing experiment in a high-rainfall area, south-eastern Australia. II. Liveweight gain and wool production

2006 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. 1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Li ◽  
K. R. Helyar ◽  
M. K. Conyers ◽  
L. J. C. Castleman ◽  
R. P. Fisher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rotation Period ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Lime Application ◽  
High Rainfall Area ◽  
South Eastern Australia

‘Managing Acid Soils Through Efficient Rotations (MASTER)’ is a long-term pasture–crop rotation experiment commenced in 1992. One of the objectives was to demonstrate the extent of crop, pasture, and animal responses to lime application on a typical acidic soil in the 500–800 mm rainfall zone of south-eastern Australia. Two types of pastures (perennial v. annual pastures) with or without lime application were established in 1992. Fifteen- to eighteen-month-old Merino hoggets were used as test animals and were changed annually. This paper reports the results of sheep responses to liming from the 4 continuous pasture treatments over 6 years from 1992 to 1997. The stocking rate was the same on all plots within a treatment during each rotation period, but was varied between treatments based on the pasture availability and sheep body condition. The most important findings from this study are that the limed treatments carried 29% and 27% more stock (up to 4 DSE/ha) than the unlimed treatments for perennial and annual pastures, respectively. As a result, the limed perennial pastures produced 27% more liveweight gain (62 kg/ha.year) and 28% more greasy wool (13 kg/ha.year) than unlimed perennial pastures, whereas the limed annual pastures produced 34% more liveweight gain (77 kg/ha.year) and 24% more greasy wool (11 kg/ha.year) than unlimed annual pastures. The significant responses to lime in liveweight and wool production were detected from the second growing season after the pastures were established. The increased sheep productivity on the limed treatment was due to a combination of increased pasture production and improved pasture quality. Perennial pastures showed a slight advantage in wool production, but not in liveweight gain. However, the seasonal variation of liveweight was greater on annual pastures than on perennial pastures. The larger variation in liveweight change could lead to more adverse effects on wool quality especially at high grazing pressures. Grazing management can be used to manipulate pasture and animal productivity to increase profits from lime use.

scholarly journals Short- and Long-Term Effects of Lime and Gypsum Applications on Acid Soils in a Water-Limited Environment: 1. Grain Yield Response and Nutrient Concentration

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey C. Anderson ◽  
Shahab Pathan ◽  
James Easton ◽  
David J. M. Hall ◽  
Rajesh Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Growing Seasons

Surface (0–10 cm) and subsoil (soil layers below 10 cm) acidity and resulting aluminum (Al) toxicity reduce crop grain yields. In South Western Australia (SWA), these constraints affect 14.2 million hectares or 53% of the agricultural area. Both lime (L, CaCO3) and gypsum (G, CaSO4) application can decrease the toxic effect of Al, leading to an increase in crop grain yields. Within the region, it is unclear if G alone or the combined use of L and G has a role in alleviating soil acidity in SWA, due to low sulfate S (SO4–S) sorption properties of the soil. We present results from three experiments located in the eastern wheatbelt of SWA, which examined the short-term (ST, 2 growing seasons), medium-term (MT, 3 growing seasons), and long-term (LT, 7 growing seasons over 10 years) effects of L and G on grain yield and plant nutrient concentrations. Despite the rapid leaching of SO4–S and no self-liming impact, it was profitable to apply G, due to the significant ST grain yield responses. The grain yield response to G developed even following relatively dry years, but declined over time due to SO4–S leaching. At the LT experimental site had received no previous L application, whereas, at the ST and MT sites, L had been applied by the grower over the previous 5–10 years. For the LT site, the most profitable treatment for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yield, was the combined application of 4 t L ha−1 with 2 t G ha−1. At this site, the 0–10 cm soil pHCaCl2 was 4.6, and AlCaCl2 was greater than 2.5 mg kg−1 in the 10–30 cm soil layer. In contrast, at the ST and MT sites, the pHCaCl2 of 0–10 cm soil layer was ≥5.5; it was only profitable to apply G to the MT site where the soil compaction constraint had been removed by deep ripping. The use of L increases soil pHCaCl2, resulting in the improved availability of anions, phosphorus (P) in the LT and molybdenum (Mo) at all sampling times, but reduced availability of cations zinc (Zn) in the LT and manganese (Mn) at all sampling. The application of G reduced Mo concentrations, due to the high SO4–S content of the soil.

Effect of cattle slurry fractions on nitrogen mineralization in soil

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Diaz-Fierros ◽  
M. Carmen Villar ◽  
F. Gil ◽  
M. Carballas ◽  
M. Carmen Leiros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Fraction ◽  
Liquid Fraction ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Cattle Slurry ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Cumulative Curve ◽  
Mineralization Processes

SummaryThe mineralization kinetics of nitrogen in acid soils, and their modification by the addition of an organic fertilizer (cattle slurry), were studied by incubating a humic cambisol for 36 weeks using a method based on that of Keeney & Bremner (1967). The cumulative curve of the quantity of nitrogen mineralized in soil not given fertilizer departs significantly from Stanford's theoretical model, which predicts linear dependence of nitrogen mineralized upon √t. The observed kinetics are interpreted as due to the superposition of two mineralization processes involving different substrates.The cumulative mineralized nitrogen curves for soil samples enriched with the various slurry fractions likewise reflect complex kinetics involving at least two main substrates. Consideration of the net mineralized nitrogen shows that F,, the solid fraction with the highest C/N ratio, clearly induced immobilization of nitrogen during the first 130 days of incubation, and analysis of the NO3/NH4 ratio suggests that this immobilization was probably at the expense of nitrate. F3, the liquid fraction, first induced a brief period of mineralization and then stabilized nitrogen levels, giving rise to a reduction in net mineralized nitrogen. The addition to the soil of F2, the semi-liquid fraction, produced results intermediate between those of the other two fractions.In conclusion, the increase in organic nitrogen in the soil after addition of cattle slurry depends in the short term on the liquid and semi-liquid fractions, whereas long-term effects involve both the stable residues of these fractions and the more solid fraction. The labile fraction of the pool of mineralizable N benefits more than the recalcitrant fraction, and the time constants of the mineralization process are reduced.

scholarly journals Runoff Chemistry at a Mini-Catchment Watered with “Unpolluted Precipitation”

1982 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Christophersen ◽  
A.O. Stuanes ◽  
R.F. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Acidic Precipitation ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Long Term Experiments ◽  
Southern Norway ◽  
Spring Snowmelt ◽  
Water Extractable

600 mm of artificial, “unpolluted” precipitation with a chemical composition of assumed preindustrial quality ([H+] = 9 μeql−1, [SO4] = 11 μeql−1) was sprayed on a “mini-catchment” (98 m2) over a period of 3½ weeks. The mini-catchment is a granitic bowl partially covered with shallow, acid soils. It is located in the Storgama area, Telemark county, southern Norway, an area which today receives acidic precipitation ([H+] = 54 μeql−1, [SO4] = 59 μeql−1). The treatment resulted in lowered values for [H+], [Al] and [SO4] in runoff within a week. Excluding the spring snowmelt, [H+] ≈ 50 μeql−1 (pH = 4.3) under natural conditions, whereas during the experiment [H+] levelled off at 30 μeql−1 (pH = 4.5). Correlation analysis suggests that SO4 and organic anions are related to the runoff acidity. The level of total organic carbon in runoff was, however, elevated compared to undisturbed conditions. Under the present natural conditions S04 is the most important anion. The amount of water-extractable sulfate in the soil is equivalent to about ½ of the present yearly input. The response in the sulfate output to a reduced input is difficult to predict because of processes which transform sulfur to and from various compounds in the soil and vegetation. Several years may be required before a new steady state is reached after a substantial decrease in input. Long-term experiments in which the catchment is shielded against natural precipitation are required to obtain more certain estimates of the response in runoff composition.

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