Microbial Interactions and Plant Growth

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Sh. M. Selim ◽  
Mona S. Zayed
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Microbial Interactions

scholarly journals The Effect of Biochars and Endophytic Bacteria on Growth and Root Rot Disease Incidence of Fusarium Infested Narrow-Leafed Lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 496
Author(s):  
Dilfuza Egamberdieva ◽  
Vyacheslav Shurigin ◽  
Burak Alaylar ◽  
Hua Ma ◽  
Marina E. H. Müller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Root Rot Disease ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Rot Disease

The effects of biochar on plant growth vary depending on the applied biochar type, study site environmental conditions, microbial species, and plant–microbial interactions. The objectives of the present study were therefore to assess 1) the response of growth parameters of lupin and root disease incidence to the application of three biochar types in a loamy sandy soil, and 2) the role of endophytic bacteria in biological control of root rot disease incidence in lupin after the amendment of soil with different biochar types. As biochar types we tested (i) hydrochar (HTC) from maize silage, (ii) pyrolysis char from maize (MBC), and (iii) pyrolysis char from wood (WBC) at three different concentrations (1%, 2%, and 3% of char as soil amendments). There were no significant effects in lupin shoot and root growth in soils amended with WBC at any of the concentrations. MBC did not affect plant growth except for root dry weight at 2% MBC. HTC char at 2% concentration, significantly increased the root dry weight of lupin by 54–75%, and shoot dry weight by 21–25%. Lupin plants grown in soil amended with 2% and 3% WBC and MBC chars showed 40–50% and 10–20% disease symptoms, respectively. Plants grown in soil without biochar and with HTC char were healthy, and no disease incidence occurred. Pseudomonas putida L2 and Stenotrophomonas pavanii L8 isolates demonstrated a disease reduction compared to un-inoculated plants under MBC and WBC amended soil that was infested with Fusarium solani.

scholarly journals Medicago sativa has Reduced Biomass and Nodulation When Grown with Soil Microbiomes Conditioned to High Phosphorus Inputs

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 237-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura M. Kaminsky ◽  
Grant L. Thompson ◽  
Ryan V. Trexler ◽  
Terrence H. Bell ◽  
Jenny Kao-Kniffin
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzyme ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Soil Microbiome ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Nutrient Regime ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Microbiome Composition

Agricultural over-fertilization may adversely impact plant−microbial interactions affecting crop yield. It is unclear if soil microbiomes respond quickly to changes in fertilizer inputs once conditioned to specific nutrient regimes. We conducted a growth chamber study assessing the compositional and functional resilience of root-associated microbiomes of Medicago sativa to nutrient regime changes, and consequences for plant growth. Plants were grown with a common starting soil microbiome under four nutrient treatments: control (no fertilizer), organic phosphorus (compost added), low inorganic P (low triple superphosphate, TSP) and high inorganic P (high TSP). After several conditioning generations, in which microbiomes from rhizospheres of high biomass plants were transferred forward, microbiome composition was distinct across the four treatments. The resulting microbiomes were then transplanted into each of the nutrient treatments, leading generally to functional changes in hydrolytic enzyme activity and taxonomic convergence with other microbiomes transplanted into the same nutrient regime. However, high inorganic P-conditioned microbiomes were resistant to compositional change. Correspondingly, M. sativa grown with high inorganic P-conditioned microbiomes had lower biomass, fewer nodules, and lower %N than plants grown under the same nutrient regime with other microbiomes. These findings suggest that excessive inorganic P fertilization may change microbiomes such that they negatively affect plant growth.

Phyllospheric microflora and its impact on plant growth: A review

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepika Chaudhary ◽  
Rakesh Kumar ◽  
Khushboo Sihag ◽  
Rashmi . ◽  
Anju Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Complex Microbial Community ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Natural Communities

The phyllosphere refers to the habitat provided by the aboveground parts of plants and on a global scale supports a large and complex microbial community. Microbial interactions in the phyllosphere can affect the fitness in natural communities and the productivity of agricultural crops. The structure of phyllospheric communities reflects immigration, survival and growth of microbial colonists, which is influenced by numerous environmental factors in addition to leaf physico-chemical properties. Culture-independent microbiological technologies as well advances in plant genetics and biochemistry provide methodological preconditions for exploring the interactions between plants and their microbiome in the phyllosphere. We are trying to focus here on the current knowledge of the composition of the foliar microbiome, its impact on plant growth and techniques for study this science.

Microbial priming elicits improved plant growth promotion and nutrient uptake in pea

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shikha Verma ◽  
Anurup Adak ◽  
Radha Prasanna ◽  
Shri Dhar ◽  
Harshwardhan Choudhary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Nodule Number ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Major Nutrients

Legume–microbial interactions focus mainly on Rhizobium. The present study aimed to evaluate the plant growth-promoting (PGP) potential of bacterial and cyanobacterial formulations and variety-specific differences following their inoculation in two varieties of pea (Pisum sativum L.), namely Arkel and GP-17. Providencia sp. PW5–Anabaena laxa CW1 treatment was the most promising, with an 11%–76% increase in defense enzyme activity in both varieties. Interestingly, Arkel responded better in terms of nitrogenase activity, which was enhanced several-fold in the inoculated treatments, and exhibited a significant correlation (r = 0.787, 0.778, 0.755; p < 0.05) with shoot length, fresh weight and nodule number per plant, respectively. Nodule number was significantly correlated (r = 0.74, 0.81; p < 0.05) with PAL and PPO activity, respectively, and with microbial biomass carbon, alkaline phosphatase and dehydrogenase activity (r = 0.582, 0.538, 0.666; p < 0.05), respectively. Variety GP-17, however, responded better in terms of increasing the polysaccharide and glomalin content of soil. This study reveals the promise of co-inoculation of PGPRs (plant growth-promoting Rhizobacteria) as synergistic partners for improving plant growth mobilization of major nutrients in pea. However, there is a need to study root exudate patterns to identify promising microbe–variety combinations.

Future outlook on microbial bioprotectants in agriculture

2021 ◽  
pp. 669-690
Author(s):  
Willem J. Ravensberg ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Future Outlook ◽  
Regulatory Issues ◽  
The Future

Microbial bioprotectants have the potential to play a major role in the future of crop protection. Agriculture needs to become more sustainable and still provide food security within planetary borders. New technologies and scientific discoveries can unravel the interactions between the plant, the microbiome and the soil and provide new opportunities for crop protection and more resilient cropping systems. Regulatory issues delay and hamper exploitation and research of genetic resources. This chapter describes the factors that promote the use of microbial bioprotectants as well as those that hamper their further adoption. A sustainable and resilient agriculture depends on the microbial interactions between plants in promoting plant growth and combatting biotic and abiotic threats. The transition to a resilient agriculture requires big changes in policy, regulation and farming practices. This chapter assesses the future outlook for the methods for controlling plant diseases described in this book as well as the factors determining their uptake and success.

scholarly journals Molecular Aspects of Plant Growth Promotion and Protection by Bacillus subtilis

2020 ◽  
pp. MPMI-08-20-0225
Author(s):  
Christopher Blake ◽  
Mathilde Nordgaard Christensen ◽  
Ákos T. Kovács
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Systemic Resistance

Bacillus subtilis is one of the most widely studied plant growth–promoting rhizobacteria. It is able to promote plant growth as well as control plant pathogens through diverse mechanisms, including the improvement of nutrient availability and alteration of phytohormone homeostasis as well as the production of antimicrobials and triggering induced systemic resistance, respectively. Even though its benefits for crop production have been recognized and studied extensively under laboratory conditions, the success of its application in fields varies immensely. It is widely accepted that agricultural application of B. subtilis often fails because the bacteria are not able to persist in the rhizosphere. Bacterial colonization of plant roots is a crucial step in the interaction between microbe and plant and seems, therefore, to be of great importance for its growth promotion and biocontrol effects. A successful root colonization depends thereby on both bacterial traits, motility and biofilm formation, as well as on a signal interplay with the plant. This review addresses current knowledge about plant-microbial interactions of the B. subtilis species, including the various mechanisms for supporting plant growth as well as the necessity for the establishment of the relationship.

scholarly journals Plant developmental stage drives the differentiation in ecological role of the maize microbiome

Microbiome ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Xiong ◽  
Brajesh K. Singh ◽  
Ji-Zheng He ◽  
Yan-Lai Han ◽  
Pei-Pei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Ecological Role ◽  
N Assimilation ◽  
Deterministic Processes

Abstract Background Plants live with diverse microbial communities which profoundly affect multiple facets of host performance, but if and how host development impacts the assembly, functions and microbial interactions of crop microbiomes are poorly understood. Here we examined both bacterial and fungal communities across soils, epiphytic and endophytic niches of leaf and root, and plastic leaf of fake plant (representing environment-originating microbes) at three developmental stages of maize at two contrasting sites, and further explored the potential function of phylloplane microbiomes based on metagenomics. Results Our results suggested that plant developmental stage had a much stronger influence on the microbial diversity, composition and interkingdom networks in plant compartments than in soils, with the strongest effect in the phylloplane. Phylloplane microbiomes were co-shaped by both plant growth and seasonal environmental factors, with the air (represented by fake plants) as its important source. Further, we found that bacterial communities in plant compartments were more strongly driven by deterministic processes at the early stage but a similar pattern was for fungal communities at the late stage. Moreover, bacterial taxa played a more important role in microbial interkingdom network and crop yield prediction at the early stage, while fungal taxa did so at the late stage. Metagenomic analyses further indicated that phylloplane microbiomes possessed higher functional diversity at the early stage than the late stage, with functional genes related to nutrient provision enriched at the early stage and N assimilation and C degradation enriched at the late stage. Coincidently, more abundant beneficial bacterial taxa like Actinobacteria, Burkholderiaceae and Rhizobiaceae in plant microbiomes were observed at the early stage, but more saprophytic fungi at the late stage. Conclusions Our results suggest that host developmental stage profoundly influences plant microbiome assembly and functions, and the bacterial and fungal microbiomes take a differentiated ecological role at different stages of plant development. This study provides empirical evidence for host exerting strong effect on plant microbiomes by deterministic selection during plant growth and development. These findings have implications for the development of future tools to manipulate microbiome for sustainable increase in primary productivity.

Mechanisms of ethylene biosynthesis and response in plants

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul B. Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Unsaturated Hydrocarbon ◽  
Flower Senescence ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Step Process ◽  
Ethylene Response ◽  
Ethylene Signalling

Ethylene is the simplest unsaturated hydrocarbon, yet it has profound effects on plant growth and development, including many agriculturally important phenomena. Analysis of the mechanisms underlying ethylene biosynthesis and signalling have resulted in the elucidation of multistep mechanisms which at first glance appear simple, but in fact represent several levels of control to tightly regulate the level of production and response. Ethylene biosynthesis represents a two-step process that is regulated at both the transcriptional and post-translational levels, thus enabling plants to control the amount of ethylene produced with regard to promotion of responses such as climacteric flower senescence and fruit ripening. Ethylene production subsequently results in activation of the ethylene response, as ethylene accumulation will trigger the ethylene signalling pathway to activate ethylene-dependent transcription for promotion of the response and for resetting the pathway. A more detailed knowledge of the mechanisms underlying biosynthesis and the ethylene response will ultimately enable new approaches to be developed for control of the initiation and progression of ethylene-dependent developmental processes, many of which are of horticultural significance.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document