Air Pollution and Children’s Health: Living in Urban Areas in Developing Countries

2018 ◽  
pp. 43-54
Author(s):  
S. Tasmin
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Children's Health ◽  
Children’S Health

scholarly journals Fuel choice, indoor air pollution and children's health

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Y. Edwards ◽  
Christian Langpap
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Children's Health ◽  
Children’S Health ◽  
Housing Construction ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gas Stoves

AbstractMuch of the population in developing countries uses firewood for cooking. The resulting indoor air pollution has severe health consequences for children who are close to the fire while their mothers cook. We use survey data from Guatemala to examine the effects of firewood consumption on the health of children up to five years of age. We also investigate the impact of cooking inside the home, the importance of a mother cooking while caring for her children and the role played by the smoke permeability of housing construction materials. We find that children living in households that use more wood, and where exposure to indoor air pollution is higher because the mother cooks while caring for children or because cooking takes place inside, are more likely to have symptoms of respiratory infection. Simulations indicate that policies that target cooking habits in order to directly reduce exposure, particularly by reducing the number of women who simultaneously cook and care for children, may be more effective for improving young children's health than policies to accelerate the adoption of gas stoves.

scholarly journals Satellite-Derived PM2.5 Composition and Its Differential Effect on Children’s Lung Function

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khang Chau ◽  
Meredith Franklin ◽  
W. James Gauderman
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Children's Health ◽  
Children’S Health ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Gradient Boosting ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Pm 2.5

Studies of the association between air pollution and children’s health typically rely on fixed-site monitors to determine exposures, which have spatial and temporal limitations. Satellite observations of aerosols provide the coverage that fixed-site monitors lack, enabling more refined exposure assessments. Using aerosol optical depth (AOD) data from the Multiangle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) instrument, we predicted fine particulate matter, PM 2.5 , and PM 2.5 speciation concentrations and linked them to the residential locations of 1206 children enrolled in the Southern California Children’s Health Study. We fitted mixed-effects models to examine the relationship between the MISR-derived exposure estimates and lung function, measured as forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV 1 ) and forced vital capacity (FVC), adjusting for study community and biological factors. Gradient Boosting and Support Vector Machines showed excellent predictive performance for PM 2.5 (test R 2 = 0.68 ) and its chemical components (test R 2 = –0.71). In single-pollutant models, FEV 1 decreased by 131 mL (95% CI: − 232 , − 35 ) per 10.7-µg/m 3 increase in PM 2.5 , by 158 mL (95% CI: − 273 , − 43 ) per 1.2-µg/m 3 in sulfates (SO 4 2 − ), and by 177 mL (95% CI: − 306 , − 56 ) per 1.6-µg/m 3 increase in dust; FVC decreased by 175 mL (95% CI: − 310 , − 29 ) per 1.2-µg/m 3 increase in SO 4 2 − and by 212 mL (95% CI: − 391 , − 28 ) per 2.5-µg/m 3 increase in nitrates (NO 3 − ). These results demonstrate that satellite observations can strengthen epidemiological studies investigating air pollution health effects by providing spatially and temporally resolved exposure estimates.

Air Pollution and Children’s Health in Chinese

2017 ◽  
pp. 153-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Wei Lin ◽  
Zan-Xiong Chen ◽  
Min-Li Kong ◽  
Yan-Qi Xie ◽  
Xiao-Wen Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Children's Health ◽  
Children’S Health

Transportation and the Environment in Developing Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 389-409
Author(s):  
Shanjun Li ◽  
Jianwei Xing ◽  
Lin Yang ◽  
Fan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Urban Transportation ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Metropolitan Regions ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Transportation Policies

In urban areas around the world, increasing motorization and growing travel demand make the urban transportation sector an ever-greater contributor to local air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. The situation is particularly acute in developing countries, where growing metropolitan regions suffer some of the world's highest levels of air pollution. Policies that seek to develop and manage this transportation sector—both to meet rising demand linked to economic growth and to safeguard the environment and human health—have had strikingly different results, with some inadvertently exacerbating the traffic and pollution they seek to mitigate. This review summarizes findings in the recent literature on the impacts of a host of urban transportation policies used in both developed- and developing-country settings. The article identifies research challenges and future areas of study regarding transportation policies, which can have important, long-lasting impacts on urban life and global climate change.

scholarly journals Congestion Pricing, Air Pollution, and Children’s Health

2019 ◽  
pp. 0218-9363R2
Author(s):  
Emilia Simeonova ◽  
Janet Currie ◽  
Peter Nilsson ◽  
Reed Walker
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Congestion Pricing ◽  
Children's Health ◽  
Children’S Health

scholarly journals Ambient air quality in an urban area and its effects on plants and human beings: a case study of Tiruchirappalli, India

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sirajuddin M Horaginamani ◽  
M Ravichandran
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Ambient Air Quality

Though water and land pollution is very dangerous, air pollution has its own peculiarities, due to its transboundary dispersion of pollutants over the entire world. In any well planned urban set up, industrial pollution takes a back seat and vehicular emissions take precedence as the major cause of urban air pollution. Air pollution is one of the serious problems faced by the people globally, especially in urban areas of developing countries like India. All these in turn lead to an increase in the air pollution levels and have adverse effects on the health of people and plants. Western countries have conducted several studies in this area, but there are only a few studies in developing countries like India. A study on ambient air quality in Tiruchirappalli urban area and its possible effects selected plants and human health has been undertaken, which may be helpful to bring out possible control measures. Keywords: ambient air quality; respiratory disorders; APTI; human health DOI: 10.3126/kuset.v6i2.4007Kathmandu University Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Vol.6. No II, November, 2010, pp.13-19

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