Effect of Slope Angle and Edge Distance on Laterally Loaded Flexible Pile Embedded in Sandy Ground

Nonlinear Analysis of Flexible Pile near Undrained Clay Slope under Lateral Loading

Advances in Civil Engineering ◽

10.1155/2018/6817362 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Chong Jiang ◽

Yu Li ◽

Lin Liu ◽

Hang Lin

Keyword(s):

Nonlinear Analysis ◽

Influence Factors ◽

Iteration Scheme ◽

Calculation Model ◽

Soil Resistance ◽

Reduction Function ◽

Laterally Loaded ◽

Pile Length ◽

Good Agreement ◽

Flexible Pile

In this paper, a method is developed for nonlinear analysis of laterally loaded long-flexible pile near undrained clay slope. The ideal elastic-plastic p-y curve model is used as the basic calculation model to study the pile-soil interaction system. To consider the slope effect on the soil resistance along with pile length, related reduction function expressions of soil resistance are selected by assessing the existing methods. A finite difference iteration scheme is proposed to solve the pile’s deflection curve equations to obtain nonlinear response of pile. The developed method is validated by comparing its results with the existing method, which shows a good agreement. A number of parameters analyses are carried out, and effects of different influence factors on laterally loaded pile are further discussed.

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Laterally loaded piles in sand: slope effect on P-Y reaction curves

Canadian Geotechnical Journal ◽

10.1139/t98-016 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 433-441 ◽

Cited By ~ 60

Author(s):

S Mezazigh ◽

D Levacher

Keyword(s):

Preparation Method ◽

Slope Angle ◽

Back Analysis ◽

Bending Moment ◽

Laterally Loaded Piles ◽

Quintic Spline ◽

Centrifuge Tests ◽

Extensive Program ◽

Laterally Loaded ◽

Method Model

An extensive program of centrifuge tests was undertaken to study the effect of slopes on P-Y curves in dry sand. The paper concerns the method developed in a previous series of centrifuge tests to experimentally determine P-Y curves. Bending-moment curves are fitted by local quintic spline functions through a crossed validation method and then differentiated twice. These experimental P-Y curves are validated by back analysis. The program of tests on piles near slopes is given. It includes studies of the effect of distance to the slope, slope angle, and soil properties. Sample preparation method, model piles, and the lateral-loading device are described. Deflection versus load curves, bending-moment curves, and derived P-Y curves for piles close to slopes are compared to horizontal-ground response. The coefficients that can apply to the P-Y reaction curves of the reference piles (a single pile in horizontal ground) are proposed for use in practice.Key words: pile, slope effets, models, centrifuge, bending moment, P-Y reaction curves.

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Experimental and numerical studies of geosynthetic-reinforced sand slopes loaded with a footing

Canadian Geotechnical Journal ◽

10.1139/t00-016 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 37 (4) ◽

pp. 828-842 ◽

Cited By ~ 75

Author(s):

K M Lee ◽

V R Manjunath

Keyword(s):

Finite Element ◽

Bearing Capacity ◽

Numerical Study ◽

Slope Angle ◽

Model Tests ◽

Axial Stiffness ◽

Edge Distance ◽

Optimum Geometry ◽

Fill Slope ◽

Settlement Behaviour

This paper presents the results of a series of plane strain model tests carried out on both reinforced and unreinforced sand slopes loaded with a rigid strip footing. The objectives of this study are to (i) determine the influence of geosynthetic reinforcement on the bearing-capacity characteristics of the footing on slope, (ii) understand the failure mechanism of reinforced slopes, and (iii) suggest an optimum geometry of reinforcement placement. The investigations were carried out by varying the edge distance of the footing for three different slope angles and three different types of geosynthetic. It is shown that the load-settlement behaviour and ultimate bearing capacity of the footing can be considerably improved by the inclusion of a reinforcing layer at the appropriate location in the fill slope. The optimum depth of the reinforcement layer, which resulted in maximum bearing capacity ratio (BCR), is found to be 0.5 times the width of the footing. It is also shown that for both reinforced and unreinforced slopes, the bearing capacity decreases with an increase in slope angle and a decrease in edge distance. At an edge distance of five times the width of the footing, bearing capacity becomes independent of the slope angle. The effectiveness of the geosynthetic in improving the bearing capacity of the footing is attributed to its primary properties such as aperture size and axial stiffness. A numerical study using finite element analyses was carried out to verify the model test results. The agreement between observed and computed results is found to be reasonably good in terms of load-settlement behaviour and optimum geometry of georeinforcement placement.Key words: model tests, footing, bearing capacity, fill slope, finite element method, geosynthetic.

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Effect of Edge Distance from the Slope Crest on the Response of a Laterally Loaded Pile in Sloping Ground

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering ◽

10.1007/s10706-013-9694-7 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 197-204 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

V. A. Sawant ◽

S. K. Shukla

Keyword(s):

Sloping Ground ◽

Laterally Loaded Pile ◽

Edge Distance ◽

Laterally Loaded

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A Simplified Calculation Method for the Near-Slope Laterally Loaded Pile Based on a Passive Wedge Model

Advances in Civil Engineering ◽

10.1155/2019/8363252 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Minghui Yang ◽

Bo Deng ◽

Yuhui Wang

Keyword(s):

Slope Angle ◽

Field Tests ◽

Internal Force ◽

Laboratory Model ◽

Loading Capacity ◽

Soil Resistance ◽

Laterally Loaded Piles ◽

Solution Methods ◽

Simplified Calculation ◽

Laterally Loaded

When a pile is placed near the slope, the lateral loading capacity of the pile decreases significantly due to the weakening effect of soil resistance near the slope. As such, a modified soil passive wedge model for near-slope laterally loaded piles is presented to consider the weakening effect in this paper. According to development depth of different wedges, the shapes of soil passive wedge can be classified into three sorts, so as to fully analyze the influence of the slope shape and the distance from the pile center to the slope crest. On this basis, a concept of equivalent depth is proposed considering the differences of laterally loaded piles near the slope and in the horizontal ground. Besides, the unit ultimate soil resistance, which can be obtained along the different depths of pile, is introduced into the p-y curve of the soil, for achieving solution methods of internal force and displacement of laterally loaded piles under the slope weakening effect. The results of laboratory model and field tests on laterally loaded piles are compared with the proposed method, demonstrating its validity and accuracy. Furthermore, the influence of the near-slope distance on the loading capacity of the pile is fully analyzed in detail, indicating the critical near-slope distance is increasing with the increase of the undrained strength, while independent of the slope angle.

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Numerical analysis of reinforced embankment slopes made up of pozzolanic waste materials

International Journal of Geo-Engineering ◽

10.1186/s40703-020-00126-z ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Vidya N. Patil ◽

Hemant S. Chore ◽

Vishwas A. Sawant

Keyword(s):

Fly Ash ◽

Bearing Capacity ◽

Numerical Study ◽

Slope Angle ◽

Waste Materials ◽

Embedment Depth ◽

Embankment Slope ◽

Edge Distance ◽

Critical Slope ◽

Grid Reinforcement

AbstractThe paper presents the numerical study of the bearing capacity behavior of the model footing placed on the top of reinforced embankment slopes made up of Pozzolanic waste materials such as fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS). The present investigation is aimed at studying the efficacy of the different types of reinforcement (geogrid and rubbergrid) in improving the load bearing capacity of the embankment slopes made up of waste materials. The effect of various parameters such as slope angle, location of the footing with slope crest, embedment depth of the reinforcement is studied on the strength behavior of the embankment. The analysis is carried out on unreinforced fly ash and GGBFS embankments for three slope angles and three locations of the footing with respect to slope crest, i.e., edge distance. The fly ash slopes reinforced with geogrid and rubber grid reinforcement is also analyzed for all the three slope angles and edge distances as that in unreinforced fly ash embankment slope and further, for various embedment depths of the layer of reinforcement. The GGBFS embankment reinforced with geogrid layer is analyzed with respect to critical slope angle and edge distance and optimum embedment depth of the reinforcement deduced from the unreinforced fly ash and GGBFS embankment and reinforced fly ash embankment. The analysis demonstrated that the load carrying capacity of the embankment slope decreases with increase in slope angle and edge distance in respect of unreinforced and reinforced fly ash slope and the optimum embedment depth ratio seems to be 1.2. Further, the rubbergrid reinforcement is found to perform better than the geogrid. The performance of geogrid reinforced GGBFS embankment is also noteworthy. The study underscores the effective utilization of Pozzolanic waste materials as the embankment slope and the rubbergrid derived out of discarded tyres.

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Low-Degree Tibial Slope Angle Prevents Component Overhang by Enlarging the Lateral Plateau Surface Area in Total Knee Arthroplasty

The Journal of Knee Surgery ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1718598 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mehmet Emin Simsek ◽

Mustafa Akkaya ◽

Safa Gursoy ◽

Özgür Kaya ◽

Murat Bozkurt

Keyword(s):

Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽

Surface Area ◽

Knee Arthroplasty ◽

Tibial Plateau ◽

Slope Angle ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Tibial Slope ◽

Total Knee ◽

Lateral Plateau ◽

Gender Groups

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate whether overhang or underhang around the tibial component that occurs during the placement of tibial baseplates was affected by different slope angles of the tibial plateau and determine the changes in the lateral and medial plateau diameters while changing the slope angle in total knee arthroplasty. Three-dimensional tibia models were reconstructed using the computed tomography scans of 120 tibial dry bones. Tibial plateau slope cuts were performed with 9, 7, 5, 3, and 0 degrees of slope angles 2-mm below the subchondral bone in the deepest point of the medial plateau. Total, lateral, and medial tibial plateau areas and overhang/underhang rates were measured at each cut level. Digital implantations of the asymmetric and symmetric tibial baseplates were made on the tibial plateau with each slope angles. Following the implantations, the slope angle that prevents overhang or underhang at the bone border and the slope angle that has more surface area was identified. A significant increase was noted in the total tibial surface area, lateral plateau surface area, and lateral anteroposterior distance, whereas the slope cut angles were changed from 9 to 0 degrees in both gender groups. It was found that the amount of posteromedial underhang and posterolateral overhang increased in both the asymmetric and symmetric tibial baseplates when the slope angle was changed from 0 to 9 degrees. Although the mediolateral diameter did not change after the proximal tibia cuts at different slope angles, the surface area and anteroposterior diameter of the lateral plateau could change, leading to increased lateral plateau area. Although prosthesis designs are highly compatible with the tibial surface area, it should be noted that the component overhangs, especially beyond the posterolateral edge, it can be prevented by changing the slope cut angle in males and females.

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Quasi-Periodic Control Technique for Minimizing Fuel Consumption During Record Vehicle Competition

Archive of Mechanical Engineering ◽

10.2478/meceng-2013-0012 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 60 (2) ◽

pp. 185-197 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Paweł Sulikowski ◽

Ryszard Maronski

Keyword(s):

Fuel Consumption ◽

Optimal Control Theory ◽

Slope Angle ◽

Control Technique ◽

Decision Variables ◽

Aeronautical Engineering ◽

The One ◽

Optimal Driving ◽

The Given ◽

Engine Power

The problem of the optimal driving technique during the fuel economy competition is reconsidered. The vehicle is regarded as a particle moving on a trace with a variable slope angle. The fuel consumption is minimized as the vehicle covers the given distance in a given time. It is assumed that the run consists of two recurrent phases: acceleration with a full available engine power and coasting down with the engine turned off. The most fuel-efficient technique for shifting gears during acceleration is found. The decision variables are: the vehicle velocities at which the gears should be shifted, on the one hand, and the vehicle velocities when the engine should be turned on and off, on the other hand. For the data of students’ vehicle representing the Faculty of Power and Aeronautical Engineering it has been found that such driving strategy is more effective in comparison with a constant speed strategy with the engine partly throttled, as well as a strategy resulting from optimal control theory when the engine is still active.

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