Peripapillary Diffuse Atrophy (PDCA)

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-52
Author(s):  
Tae Igarashi-Yokoi
Keyword(s):  
Diffuse Atrophy

Early blood flow and degree of ischemia in relation to late diffuse atrophy in severe head injury

1996 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 121-122
Author(s):  
Bo Bergholt ◽  
Jens Astrup ◽  
Gorm Oettingen ◽  
Hans Ole Holdgaard ◽  
Bent L. Dahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Severe Head Injury ◽  
Diffuse Atrophy

Evidence of diffuse atrophy of the thyroid gland in patients with anorexia nervosa

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ren� Klinkby St�ving ◽  
Finn Noe Bennedb�k ◽  
Laszlo Heged�s ◽  
Claus Hagen
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Diffuse Atrophy

Bone-Prosthesis Implant Relation in Total Cementless Hip Arthroprosthesis

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. De Santis ◽  
G. Gasparini ◽  
A. Paoli ◽  
S. Cudoni
Keyword(s):  
Surface Preparation ◽  
Primary Stability ◽  
Bone Implant ◽  
Surface Work ◽  
Diffuse Atrophy ◽  
Wide Interface ◽  
Prosthetic Implant ◽  
Interface Contact ◽  
Mechanical Factors ◽  
Secondary Stability

The best relation between bone and prosthetic implant occurs when an adequate bone surface preparation and a correct implant placing ensure wide interface contact, with homogeneous load distribution (primary stability). This is necessary premise to achieve osteointegration (secondary stability) which is conditioned by factors connected with the implant (materials, surface work, lining) and with the hosting bone (pathological onset, sex, age). The evolution of bone-implant relation leads to the formation of fibrous or osseous interface; the stimulus which act on the interface (in relation with primary stability, distance between surfaces, bony heritage, etc…) infact determine a fibroblastic or osteoblastic evolution of mesenchymal elements colonizing the interface during the initial phases. In successive phases the prevailing apposition (hyperthropy) or resorption (focal or diffuse atrophy) processes is equally conditioned by mechanical factors (the position and dimension of the implant).

scholarly journals Polyphasic Rhabdomyositis in California Sea Lions (Zalophus Californianus): Pathology and Potential Causes

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-629
Author(s):  
Mauricio Seguel ◽  
Kathleen M. Colegrove ◽  
Cara Field ◽  
Sophie Whoriskey ◽  
Tenaya Norris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Process ◽  
Zalophus Californianus ◽  
Striated Muscles ◽  
California Sea Lions ◽  
Sarcocystis Neurona ◽  
Sea Lions ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Diffuse Atrophy ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Domoic Acid Toxicosis

A myositis syndrome has been recognized for more than a decade in California sea lions (CSLs; Zalophus californianus) but a detailed description of the lesions and potential causes of this condition is lacking. The tissues of 136 stranded CSLs with rhabdomyositis were examined. Rhabdomyositis was considered incidental in 67% (91/136) of the CSLs, and a factor contributing to the animal stranding (significant rhabdomyositis) in 33% (45/136). Of the 91 cases with incidental rhabdomyositis, lesions consisted of a few small foci of lymphohistiocytic inflammation. Of the 45 cases with significant rhabdomyositis, 28 (62%) also presented with major comorbidities such as leptospirosis (2 animals) and domoic acid toxicosis (6 animals), whereas 17 (38%) had severe polyphasic rhabdomyositis as the only major disease process associated with mortality. In these animals, most striated muscles had multiple white streaks and diffuse atrophy. Microscopically, there was myofiber necrosis surrounded by lymphocytes and histiocytes admixed with areas of myofiber regeneration, and/or moderate to severe rhabdomyocyte atrophy usually adjacent to intact Sarcocystis neurona cysts. At the interface of affected and normal muscle, occasional T lymphocytes infiltrated the sarcoplasm of intact myocytes, and occasional myofibers expressed MHCII proteins in the sarcoplasm. S. neurona antibody titers and cyst burden were higher in animals with significant polymyositis antibody titers of (26125 ± 2164, 4.5 ± 1.2 cysts per section) and active myonecrosis than animals with incidental rhabdomyositis antibody titers of (7612 ± 1042, 1.7 ± 0.82 cysts per section). The presented findings suggest that S. neurona infection and immune-mediated mechanisms could be associated with significant polyphasic rhabdomyositis in CSLs.

Effects of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Immune Status on Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain in Hemophilic Subjects: Results From the Hemophilia Growth and Development Study

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 742-746
Author(s):  
Wendy G. Mitchell ◽  
Marvin D. Nelson ◽  
Charles F. Contant ◽  
James F. Bale ◽  
Don A. Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Cerebral Atrophy ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Neurologic Examination ◽  
Cd4 Counts ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Diffuse Atrophy ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Hiv Negative

To determine the effects of hemophilia and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on the nervous system, the authors examined the relationship of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings to immunologic function and neurologic examination findings. Baseline examinations included physical and neurologic examination, immunologic and virologic testing, and MRI of the brain. On neurologic examination, muscle atrophy was considered to be related to hemophilia if adjacent joints had arthropathy due to bleeding. Muscle atrophy was considered non-hemophilia-related if unrelated to arthropathy or if muscle atrophy was diffuse. Subjects were boys aged 6 to 19 years, enrolled in a multicenter study of the effects of hemophilia and HIV infection on growth and development, all with congenital coagulopathies requiring factor infusions. Three hundred ten subjects had complete data including neurologic examination, T-cell subsets, HIV antibodies, and MRI. Subjects with HIV infection whose CD4+ counts were <200/µL were compared with subjects with HIV infection and CD4+ counts ≥200/µL and with HIV-negative subjects, all of whom had CD4+ counts >200/µL. MRI studies were normal in 230. Abnormal MRI studies were more frequent in HIV-positive subjects with CD4+ counts <200 (29.4% abnormal compared with 17% in HIV-positive subjects with CD4+ counts ≥200 and 15.3% in HIV-negative subjects). Diffuse atrophy accounted for most of the excess abnormalities in HIV-positive subjects with CD4+ counts <200 (77.3% of abnormal scans). Diffuse atrophy on MRI was associated with decreased muscle bulk on neurologic examination, but not with abnormal tendon reflexes. Four of six subjects with non-hemophilia-related diffuse muscle atrophy had cerebral atrophy on MRI. All 6 were HIV-positive and had CD4+ counts <200. Congenital abnormalities (primarily arachnoid cysts) were present in 12 subjects, not related to HIV or CD4+ status. Acquired focal abnormalities including both old hemorrhagic lesions (12 subjects) and nonhemorrhagic lesions (66 subjects) were equally frequent in HIV-positive and HIV-negative groups and did not differ by CD4+ count. Multifocal white-matter lesions, hyperintense on T2-weighted images, seen in both HIV-positive and HIV-negative subjects, are of uncertain significance. Of the multiple MRI abnormalities found, only diffuse cerebral atrophy appears to be associated with HIV infection, and only in subjects with compromised immunologic function.

scholarly journals The spectrum of computerized tomography (CT) findings in central nervous system (CNS) infection due to Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii in immunocompetent children

2002 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 283-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria do Perpétuo Socorro Costa CORRÊA ◽  
Luiz Carlos SEVERO ◽  
Flávio de Mattos OLIVEIRA ◽  
Klaus IRION ◽  
Alberto Thomaz LONDERO
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Cns Infection ◽  
Cranial Ct ◽  
Nuchal Rigidity ◽  
Diffuse Atrophy

Cranial CT scans of eleven immunocompetent children with central nervous system (CNS) infection due to Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii were retrospectively reviewed. These children had an average age of 8.8 years and positive culture for C. n. var. gattii in cerebrospinal fluid. The most common signs and symptoms were headache, fever, nuchal rigidity, nausea and vomiting. No normal cranial CT was detected in any patient. Hypodense nodules were observed in all patients . The remaining scan abnormalities were as follows: nine had diffuse atrophy, six had hydrocephalus, and five had hydrocephalus coexistent with diffuse atrophy.

Use of atypical antipsychotics and movement disorders: a case of aripiprazole induced chorea

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1273-1273 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pomponi ◽  
F. Soleti ◽  
M. Raja ◽  
A.R. Bentivoglio
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Dopamine D2 Receptor ◽  
D2 Receptor ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dramatic Improvement ◽  
Nigrostriatal Pathway ◽  
Dopamine D2 ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Diffuse Atrophy

We describe a 66-year-old woman with a 33-year history of treatment with antipsychotic drugs (she was reportedly affected by psychiatric symptoms, dominated by “depression”), who presented with severe, generalized chorea, which started after shifting from haloperidol to aripiprazole.Since 1974, she had been treated with several antipsychotics (including haloperidol and risperidone) and antidepressants, in different combinations; moreover she underwent electroconvulsive therapy. In 2003, after shifting from haloperidol to aripiprazole, she presented facial dyskinesias, which progressively diffused to all the body regions and, after a few months. In 2006, aripiprazole was discontinued and olanzapine was introduced, with a dramatic increase of choreic dyskinesias. The picture was so severe that the patient could barely stand, walk, talk and eat.MRI of the brain revealed minimal signs of diffuse atrophy and chronic leucoencefalopathy. Genetic testing for HD and the screening for Wilson's disease were negative; so the diagnosis was a severe tardive syndrome (orolingual dyskinesias, pelvic dyskinesias and generalized chorea).Olanzapine (10 mg/die) was discontinued, and a low dose of clozapine (12,5 mg/die) was introduced, without any exacerbation of the psychiatric disorder, and without modification of chorea. After a few days, tetrabenazine was introduced and gradually titrated up to 75 mg/die in two weeks. After two weeks, a dramatic improvement of dyskinesias was evident (video).To explain the case of our patient, we hypothesize that chronic administration of neuroleptics would lead to dopamine D2-receptor hypersensitivity in the nigrostriatal pathway and favor the agonist profile of aripiprazole to promote the activation of dopamine D2-receptors.

The relation of focal white matter signal abnormality and focal volume loss in multiple sclerosis

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 809-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.B. Kezele ◽  
J.T. Chen ◽  
D.L. Arnold ◽  
D.L. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Signal Intensity ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Tissue Loss ◽  
Volume Loss ◽  
Focal Volume ◽  
Signal Abnormality ◽  
Diffuse Atrophy

There were two aims to this study. First, to explore how the reduction in the volume of abnormal T2-signal intensity associated with white matter (WM) lesions in multiple sclerosis (MS) relates to tissue loss resulting from focal pathology inside lesions. Second, to demonstrate that this volume of abnormal T2-signal intensity underestimates the actual size of the region to which the direct effects of lesion activity extend. For these purposes, we used deformation field analysis to quantify the evolution of local atrophy associated with a chronic peri-ventricular lesion in a patient with secondary progressive MS. This subject had particular features that may not necessarily co-exist in a group of unselected patients, which enabled interesting observations to be made. We show, quantitatively, that the focal WM lesion was associated with adjacent regional WM volume loss, which was disproportionate to concurrent diffuse atrophy in the rest of the normal appearing brain tissue, and that the loss of volume associated with the lesion was partially reciprocated by local ventricular expansion. Our observations re-emphasise the complex relationship between the change in the volume of abnormal signal intensity on magnetic resonance images and the tissue volume change directly related to lesion pathology. Multiple Sclerosis 2007; 13: 809-813. http:// msj.sagepub.com

scholarly journals Atypical neuroimaging characteristics of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in infants: a case series of hemorrhagic brain lesions in the deep grey matter

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neda Pak ◽  
Anseh Selehnia ◽  
Maayke A. W. Hunfeld ◽  
Maarten H. Lequin ◽  
Rinze F. Neuteboom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Periventricular White Matter ◽  
Post Contrast ◽  
Delay In Diagnosis ◽  
Imaging Characteristics ◽  
Diffuse Atrophy ◽  
Deep Grey Matter

Abstract Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare multisystem condition associated with uncontrolled overproduction and infiltration of lymphocytes and histiocytes predominantly in liver, lymph nodes, spleen, and central nervous system. Neuroimaging findings on MRI are fairly nonspecific and classically include periventricular white matter signal abnormalities and diffuse atrophy. Focal parenchymal lesions may demonstrate post contrast ring or nodular enhancement and calcification. However, the MR imaging characteristics can be highly variable. Here, we present two cases of HLH in infants with multiple hemorrhagic lesions mostly depicted in both thalami and basal ganglia regions. Thalamic, basal ganglia, and brain stem involvement with hemorrhagic changes in HLH are rarely described in literature. Early diagnosis of HLH may be lifesaving. Awareness of the disease is necessary to investigate its characteristic findings and avoiding a delay in diagnosis.

scholarly journals Multiple Subtypes of Alzheimer’s Disease Base on Brain Atrophy Pattern

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 278
Author(s):  
Baiwen Zhang ◽  
Lan Lin ◽  
Shuicai Wu ◽  
Zakarea H. M. A. Al-Masqari
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Piecewise Linear ◽  
Cognitively Normal ◽  
Linear Classifiers ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Implicit Model ◽  
Diffuse Atrophy ◽  
Fluid Levels ◽  
The Brain

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a disease of a heterogeneous nature, which can be disentangled by exploring the characteristics of each AD subtype in the brain structure, neuropathology, and cognition. In this study, a total of 192 AD and 228 cognitively normal (CN) subjects were obtained from the Alzheimer’s disease Neuroimaging Initiative database. Based on the cortical thickness patterns, the mixture of experts method (MOE) was applied to the implicit model spectrum of transforms lined with each AD subtype, then their neuropsychological and neuropathological characteristics were analyzed. Furthermore, the piecewise linear classifiers composed of each AD subtype and CN were resolved, and each subtype was comprehensively explained. The following four distinct AD subtypes were discovered: bilateral parietal, frontal, and temporal atrophy AD subtype (occipital sparing AD subtype (OSAD), 29.2%), left temporal dominant atrophy AD subtype (LTAD, 22.4%), minimal atrophy AD subtype (MAD, 16.1%), and diffuse atrophy AD subtype (DAD, 32.3%). These four subtypes display their own characteristics in atrophy pattern, cognition, and neuropathology. Compared with the previous studies, our study found that some AD subjects showed obvious asymmetrical atrophy in left lateral temporal-parietal cortex, OSAD presented the worst cerebrospinal fluid levels, and MAD had the highest proportions of APOE ε4 and APOE ε2. The subtype characteristics were further revealed from the aspect of the model, making it easier for clinicians to understand. The results offer an effective support for individual diagnosis and prognosis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document