scholarly journals Using Climate Information for Building Smallholder Resilience in India

2021 ◽  
pp. 275-289
Author(s):  
Madhavan Manjula ◽  
Raj Rengalakshmi ◽  
Murugaiah Devaraj
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
Climate Information ◽  
Production Risk ◽  
Societal Benefit ◽  
Small Holding ◽  
Equity In Access ◽  
Risk Reduction Measures ◽  
Risk Reducing

AbstractIntra-seasonal and inter-annual climate variability is the specific climate-related production risk faced by smallholder rainfed farmers in India. For small holding rainfed farmers, access to reliable extended range and seasonal climate forecast (SCF) information could induce a set of adaptive risk reduction measures. The paper is an attempt to capture the experience of a pilot research study to understand the utility of SCF in generating risk-reducing decisions by players across the agricultural value chain in a semi-arid rainfed agroecosystem in Tamil Nadu, India. The results show that to realise the desired societal benefit of SCF, in addition to forecasts with improved predictive skills, appropriate spatial and temporal scale of the climate variables and effectiveness of the communication process is essential. Social equity in access to climate information across the agricultural value chain and ability and flexibility to adopt by the end users are also decisive factors that determine the effectiveness of climate information in reducing risk in farming. The experience also emphasises the need for strong institutional support to improve resource access and build the capacities of smallholders to translate informed decisions to actions at field level on risk-reducing responses.

scholarly journals Demonstrating the full-value chain of climate services in Southern Africa: the FOCUS-Africa project

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Boscolo ◽  
Hamid Bastani ◽  
Asmerom Beraki ◽  
Nicolas Fournier ◽  
Raül Marcos-Matamoros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
End Users ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Climate Information ◽  
Climate Services ◽  
Wide Range

<p><strong><em>FOCUS-Africa</em></strong> is an EU Horizon 2020 project funded to co-develop tailored climate services in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region. The project, led by the WMO and started in September 2020, gathers 16 partners across Africa and Europe jointly committed to addressing the value of climate services for key economic sectors in Africa: agriculture and food security, water, energy, and infrastructure.</p><p>The project is piloting eight case studies (CSs) in five different countries involving a wide range of end-users. New services derived from seasonal and decadal forecasts are applied for food security and crop production in South Africa, Malawi, Mozambique, and Tanzania. High-resolution climate projections, as well as historical climate reanalyses, are used to support planning and investment decisions for: a railway infrastructure and a mix of renewable energies in Tanzania, hydropower generation assessment under climate change scenarios in Malawi, and water resources management in Mauritius.</p><p>For all the FOCUS-Africa’s case studies, socio-economic impact assessment of the delivered climate services will be carried out in collaboration with the CS leaders, service providers, and end-users, by providing ex-ante and ex-post evaluations grounded in the Global Indicator Framework for the Sustainable Development Goals. The project will align the capacity development efforts with those promoted by WMO for enhancing the capabilities of the NMHSs to deliver climate services to users and will make sure that the project's innovative processes and tools will be part of the WMO training curricula.</p><p>FOCUS-Africa's expected impacts are:</p><ul><li>Build a strong link between the climate scientific community and stakeholders in the SADC region by leveraging the advanced scientific knowledge and strong networks of the implementing team, and by establishing dedicated channels of communications, so as to target the full value chain of our users, from the start of the project</li> <li>Advance the way in which climate information is developed by characterising end-use requirements through regular engagement</li> <li>Contribute to the advancement of the scientific knowledge in the region and strengthened support for international scientific assessments through publications and reports such as those relevant for the IPCC, through the innovative science developed by FOCUS-Africa</li> <li>Demonstrate the effectiveness of the climate information by strengthening the adaptive capacity of end-users by delivering tailored, actionable, and exploitable climate services and by estimating their socio-economic benefits across the full value chain.</li> <li>Enhance policy-making for climate adaptation in the project and other countries</li> <li>Increase women’s access to climate services</li> </ul>

Value addition, Price spread and Profit margins along the Groundnut value chain- A study in Anantpur district of Andhra Pradesh

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Shakuntala Devi
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Edible Oil ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Value Addition ◽  
Profit Margins ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Price Spread

Groundnut, the most important edible oilseed crop in India and is the low priced commodity with valuable source of all the nutrients. It is the sixth most important oilseed crop in the world. It contains 48-50% of oil and 26-28% of protein, and is a rich source of dietary fiber, minerals, and vitamins. More than seventy percent of the area and production is found in Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. Anantapur district is the largest groundnut producing district The present study was carried out with the objective of exploring movement of produce along the value chain, the Value addition, Price spread and Profit margins incurred and found that there is a wide range of price gap observed from producer of oilseed to the final consumer of edible oil due to the number of stakeholders involved in the value chain.

Stakeholders constraints in goat marketing and meat value chain in Tamil Nadu

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 230
Author(s):  
S. Dineshkumar ◽  
D. Bardhan ◽  
Sanjay Kumar ◽  
M.S. Kannadhasan ◽  
Neeraj Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Tamil Nadu

Value chain analysis of jasmine in Madurai district of Tamil Nadu

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
KS Manivenkatesh ◽  
S Selvanayaki ◽  
M Nirmala Devi ◽  
M Pandiyan
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Value Chain Analysis ◽  
Chain Analysis

scholarly journals Analysis of Cocoa Supply Chain Risk in Kare Village, Madiun District with Method Analytic Network Process

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
Risqi Firdaus Setiawan ◽  
Pawana Nur Indah ◽  
Endang Yektiningsih
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Analytic Network Process ◽  
Cocoa Bean ◽  
Supply Chain Risk Management ◽  
Supply Chain Risk ◽  
Effect Analysis ◽  
Production Risk ◽  
Network Process ◽  
Supply Chain Risks

Cocoa is one of the plantation commodities whose role is quite important for the national economy of Indonesia. However, the cocoa industry faces several problems including the various risks involved in the cocoa supply chain. The aim of this study were: 1) Identifying risks in the cocoa supply chain 2) Analyzing the members of the supply chain with the highest risk 3) Evaluating and mitigating cocoa supply chain risks effectively and efficiently. An integrated analytic network process (ANP) and weighted failure mode effect analysis (WFMEA) method will be used to determine and analyze the highest risk in the cocoa supply chain. The results of the priority of the members of the value chain in the cocoa supply chain risk management are SMEs (0.43801), with the risk having the highest priority is production risk (0.29262) as well as alternative strategic priorities namely by increasing income (0.28754). The results of risk control are mainly focused on efforts to increase the income of cocoa farmers by utilizing cocoa processing byproducts such as cocoa bean pulp and cocoa pod husks. The cocoa bean pulp can be processed into nata products and cocoa juice, while the cocoa pod skin can be used as fertilizer.

scholarly journals Breast and ovarian cancer risk reduction options for women with pathogenic variables in the brca1 and brca2 genes

Mastology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Suppl 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandro Vinícius Machado Melo ◽  
Thamyse Fernanda de Sa Dassie ◽  
Felipe Eduardo Martins de Andrade ◽  
Erica Maria Monteiro Santos ◽  
Benedito Mauro Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Surgical Management ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Brca1 And Brca2 ◽  
Pathogenic Variants ◽  
Brca1 And Brca2 Genes ◽  
Risk Reduction Measures ◽  
Risk Reducing

Introduction: Most breast and ovarian cancers in women are sporadic. However, five to ten percent of these individuals may have an inherited predisposition to cancer (Famorca-Tram, 2015). Women with pathogenic variants in BRCA1 are at risk of breast cancer of up to 72% and of ovarian cancer of up to 44%. Pathogenic variants of the BRCA2 gene increase the risk of breast cancer by up to 69% and of ovarian cancer by up to 25%. Risk reduction measures include: risk-reducing mastectomy, salpingo-oophorectomy, and chemoprevention. For women who do not choose any of these measures, follow-up with periodic examinations is necessary. In this work, the risk reduction measures adopted by 52 women with pathogenic variants in BRCA1 or BRCA2 in a tertiary hospital in São Paulo, Brazil, are analyzed. In addition, it was analyzed what factors could influence the risk-reducing measure adopted. Materials and methods: cross-sectional study with a sample of 52 women with pathogenic variants identified in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes seen at a tertiary hospital. Results: 80.8% opted for surgical management as a risk-reducing measure, with 46.2% of women having had prophylactic mastectomy, 11.5% having had bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and 23.1% having undergone both surgical procedures. Non-surgical management occurred in 19.2% of the cases, with 8% (3 cases) undergoing chemoprophylaxis with tamoxifen and 15.4% undergoing surveillance. Conclusion: Most patients opted for surgical intervention, with risk-reducing mastectomy being the most frequent one, followed by salpingo-oophorectomy. When testing was not requested by the geneticist, there was a greater tendency toward the surgical option.

Production under input endogeneity and farm-specific risk aversion: evidence from contract farming and Bayesian method

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashok K Mishra ◽  
Anthony N Rezitis ◽  
Mike G Tsionas
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Bayesian Method ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Risk Attitudes ◽  
Contract Farming ◽  
Production Risk ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Missing Markets ◽  
Risk Reducing

Abstract Contract farming (CF) has been offered as a solution to missing markets in developing economies. However, little is known as to how the presence of CF affects production risk, technical efficiency and risk attitudes of the smallholder. This study investigates production risk, technical efficiency, output price uncertainty and risk attitudes of contract and independent farmers. Using a Bayesian estimation method and farm-level data from Nepal, we find that contract farmers are more risk-averse than the independent farmers. Contract farmers can increase output by reducing the scale more than independent farmers. We find that labour and capital are risk-reducing, while land and other inputs are risk increasing for both contract and independent farmers. Finally, independent growers consistently over-predict output prices.

scholarly journals Production Risk, Farmer Welfare, and Bt Corn in the Philippines

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santi Sanglestsawai ◽  
Divina Gracia P. Rodriguez ◽  
Roderick M. Rejesus ◽  
Jose M. Yorobe
Keyword(s):  
Risk Premium ◽  
Downside Risk ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Bt Corn ◽  
Function Estimation ◽  
Production Risk ◽  
Risk Effects ◽  
Damage Abatement ◽  
Production Function Estimation ◽  
Risk Reducing

We determine the production risk effects and welfare implications of single-trait Bt corn adoption in the Philippines. We use a stochastic production function estimation approach that allows for examining the skewness effects of Bt within a damage abatement specification. Our results indicate that Bt corn has a statistically significant yield increasing, risk-increasing (i.e., variance-increasing) and downside risk-reducing (i.e., skewness-increasing) effects. Based on risk premium, certainty equivalent, and loss probability welfare measures, Bt corn farmers in the Philippines are better-off (in absolute terms) relative to non-Bt farmers given Bt corn's dominant yield increasing effect and downside risk-reducing effect.

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