An Unmanned Cluster Network Routing Protocol

ABSTRACTThis work aims to study which wireless sensor network routing protocol is more suitable for Smart Grids applications, through simulation of AODV protocols, AOMDV, DSDV and HTR in the NS2 simulation environment. Was simulated a network based on a residential area with 47 residences, with one node for each residence and one base station, located about 25m from the other nodes. Many parameters, such as packet loss, throughput, delay, jitter and energy consumption were tested. The network was increased to 78 and 93 nodes in order to evaluate the behavior of the protocols in larger networks. The tests proved that the HTR is the routing protocol that has the best results in performance and second best in energy consumption. The DSDV had the worst performance according to the tests.Key words.- Smart grid, QoS analysis, Wireless sensor networks, Routing protocols.RESUMENEste trabajo tiene como objetivo estudiar el protocolo de enrutamiento de la red de sensores inalámbricos es más adecuado para aplicaciones de redes inteligentes, a través de la simulación de protocolos AODV, AOMDV, DSDV y HTR en el entorno de simulación NS2. Se simuló una red basada en una zona residencial con 47 residencias, con un nodo para cada residencia y una estación base, situada a unos 25 metros de los otros nodos. Muchos parámetros, tales como la pérdida de paquetes, rendimiento, retardo, jitter y el consumo de energía se probaron. La red se incrementó a 78 y 93 nodos con el fin de evaluar el comportamiento de los protocolos de redes más grandes. Las pruebas demostraron que el HTR es el protocolo de enrutamiento que tiene los mejores resultados en el rendimiento y el segundo mejor en el consumo de energía. El DSDV tuvo el peor desempeño de acuerdo a las pruebas.Palabras clave.- redes inteligentes, análisis de calidad de servicio, redes de sensores inalámbricas, protocolos de enrutamiento.

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Algorithm for secure communication of wireless network based on node energy control

Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems ◽

10.3233/jifs-189812 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Shu Zhang ◽

Jianhua Chen

Keyword(s):

Wireless Sensor Networks ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Routing Protocol ◽

Secure Communication ◽

Network Routing ◽

Wireless Sensor ◽

Route Selection ◽

Joint Function ◽

Energy Control ◽

Establishment Process

This paper analyzes the security algorithm and energy cost of wireless sensor networks in depth, and designs and implements a series of energy-optimized security solutions to ensure the secure establishment and operation of wireless sensor networks. This paper proposes an improved Ad hoc network routing protocol based on energy control. It introduces a low-energy balanced routing algorithm to reduce routing transmission energy consumption, balance network traffic, and improve the energy control performance of network routing protocols. The protocol uses a cross-layer design in this way, the route selection combines the information of the link the remaining energy. A joint function is formed by the transmit power level remaining energy. The joint function of all nodes on the path is used as the basis for route selection and applied to the route discovery stage. At the same time, the protocol introduces edge degree parameters in the establishment process, the idea of minimum energy consumption path and the introduction of energy consumption ratio parameters in the cluster skull backbone network generation process are adopted to realize the energy optimization of the path establishment process. At the same time, the protocol uses the message interaction mechanism in the path establishment process to implement a node security authentication scheme based on secret shared information without adding any routing communication messages, which effectively prevents the passive and active attacks of the attacker on the network. The results of simulation experiments prove that the secure routing protocol achieves the network’s balanced energy consumption while ensuring the secure communication of the network, and solves the energy problem.

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Network Routing Mechanism Simulation Research Based on VANETs

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.651-653.1868 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 651-653 ◽

pp. 1868-1874

Author(s):

Li Zhu ◽

Lan Bai

Keyword(s):

Routing Protocol ◽

Vehicular Networks ◽

Routing Algorithm ◽

Dynamic Network ◽

Network Routing ◽

On Demand ◽

Routing Mechanism ◽

Demand Routing ◽

On The Road ◽

Low Efficiency

VANETs is a rapid developed wireless mobile MANETs network with special challenge nature. It is a distributed and self-organized communication network based on moving vehicle. This network has characteristics like limited bandwidth, strong mobility, strong dynamic network topology, limited node degrees freedom, equipment capacity constraints and weak physical security. These characteristics usually make typical routing protocol in mobile MANET show a low efficiency in mobile VANETs, even fail. MANET routing algorithm is roughly divided into two categories, namely table driven routing protocol and on-demand routing protocol. It is due to the particularity of driving cars on the road. So how to improve network routing protocol in the performance is now a challenging problem. The purpose of this article studies network routing mechanism based on wireless vehicular networks simulation method. On the basis of analyzing the performance of typical routing protocols in MANET, such as DSDV, AODV and DSR, the improved scheme of AODV on-demand routing algorithm is put forward.

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Analysis of Wireless Mesh Network Routing

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.4629 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 989-994 ◽

pp. 4629-4632

Author(s):

Xiao Long Tan ◽

Jia Zhou ◽

Wen Bin Wang

Keyword(s):

Network Topology ◽

Routing Protocol ◽

Wireless Mesh Network ◽

Network Routing ◽

Mesh Network ◽

Mac Layer ◽

Key Factors ◽

Wireless Mesh ◽

Topology Changes ◽

Communication Links

Since the wireless mesh network topology dynamics and the radio channels instable, the design of wireless mesh network routing protocol become one of the key factors to determine the performance. This paper mainly studied the existing several kinds of typical three-layer mesh network routing protocol (DSDV and AODV), aimed at the defects of three-layer routing limited to the network topology changes, the paper proposed a network model based on two-layer routing. Forwarding the packet, establishing and maintaining the communication links are accomplished on the Mac layer. Simulation tests showed that two-layer routing has a big improvement on the efficiency of packet forwarding, and it effectively reduced the routing overhead and end-to-end delay simultaneously.

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The support of multipath routing in IPv6-based internet of things

International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) ◽

10.11591/ijece.v10i2.pp2208-2220 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 2208

Author(s):

Ibrahim S. Alsukayti

Keyword(s):

Internet Of Things ◽

Routing Protocol ◽

Task Force ◽

Multipath Routing ◽

Network Routing ◽

Network Architectures ◽

Energy Balancing ◽

Current State ◽

Research Findings

The development of IPv6-based network architectures for Internet of Things (IoT) systems is a feasible approach to widen the horizon for more effective applications, but remains a challenge. Network routing needs to be effectively addressed in such environments of scarce computational and energy resources. The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) specified the IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Network (RPL) to provide a basic IPv6-based routing framework for IoT networks. However, the RPL design has the potential of extending its functionality to a further limit and incorporating the support of advanced routing mechanisms. These include multipath routing which has opened the doors for great improvements towards efficient energy balancing, load distribution, and even more. This paper fulfilled a need for an effective review of recent advancements in Internet of Things (IoT) networking. In particular, it presented an effective review and provided a taxonomy of the different multipath routing solutions enhancing the RPL protocol. The aim was to discover its current state and outline the importance of integrating such a mechanism into RPL to revive its potentiality to a wider range of IoT applications. This paper also discussed the latest research findings and provided some insights into plausible follow-up researches.

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Novel Wireless Sensor Network Routing Protocol Performance Evaluation using Diverse Packet Size for Agriculture Application

International Journal of Integrated Engineering ◽

10.30880/ijie.2021.13.04.002 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Amierul Syazrul Azman ◽

◽

Mohamad Yusry Lee ◽

Siva Kumar Subramaniam ◽

Farah Shahnaz Feroz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Routing Protocol ◽

Network Performance ◽

Network Routing ◽

Wireless Sensor ◽

Delivery Ratio ◽

Large Network ◽

Packet Size ◽

Agriculture Industry ◽

Grid Nodes ◽

The Impact

As the wireless sensor networks (WSNs) progress with newer and more advanced technologies, so do the demands for them in a growing number of applications. Precision agricultural environment monitoring is one of the most prominent applications that require feasible wireless support systems, particularly in the protection and condition control of the crops. This paper focuses on the grid nodes arrangement of WSN, considering the wide dissemination of the plantation areas in the agriculture industry. Due to the different types of sensors used and their data size, the study on the impact of the varied packet size on the performance of the small and large network has been carried out using AODV and OLSR routing protocols. No significant differences in terms of performance can be seen as the packet size is varied. However, compared to the small network, more performance issues have occured in the large network, such as more packet loss, higher throughput degradation, higher energy consumption, worse unfairness, and more overhead production. The OEG routing protocol has been proposed to enhance the network performance by reducing the strain due to the saturated traffic. When solely compared to AODV, OEG routing protocol is able to enhance the network performance with at most 27% more packet delivery ratio, 31kbps more throughput, and 0.991J lesser energy consumed in the network.

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