Differential immune responses to fetal intracameral spinal cord and cortex cerebri grafts

1996 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaki Shinoda ◽  
MaiBritt Giacobini ◽  
Rainald Schmidt-Kastner ◽  
Katarzyna Trok ◽  
Lars Olson
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cortex Cerebri

scholarly journals CKD-506: A novel HDAC6-selective inhibitor that exerts therapeutic effects in a rodent model of multiple sclerosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daekwon Bae ◽  
Ji-Young Lee ◽  
Nina Ha ◽  
Jinsol Park ◽  
Jiyeon Baek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalitis ◽  
Selective Inhibitor ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune

AbstractDespite advances in therapeutic strategies for multiple sclerosis (MS), the therapy options remain limited with various adverse effects. Here, the therapeutic potential of CKD-506, a novel HDAC6-selective inhibitor, against MS was evaluated in mice with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein35–55 (MOG35–55)-induced experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) under various treatment regimens. CKD-506 exerted prophylactic and therapeutic effects by regulating peripheral immune responses and maintaining blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity. In MOG35–55-re-stimulated splenocytes, CKD-506 decreased proliferation and downregulated the expression of IFN-γ and IL-17A. CKD-506 downregulated the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the blood of EAE mice. Additionally, CKD-506 decreased the leakage of intravenously administered Evans blue into the spinal cord; CD4+ T cells and CD4−CD11b+CD45+ macrophage/microglia in the spinal cord was also decreased. Moreover, CKD-506 exhibited therapeutic efficacy against MS, even when drug administration was discontinued from day 15 post-EAE induction. Disease exacerbation was not observed when fingolimod was changed to CKD-506 from day 15 post-EAE induction. CKD-506 alleviated depression-like behavior at the pre-symptomatic stage of EAE. In conclusion, CKD-506 exerts therapeutic effects by regulating T cell- and macrophage-mediated peripheral immune responses and strengthening BBB integrity. Our results suggest that CKD-506 is a potential therapeutic agent for MS.

scholarly journals Impaired immune responses following spinal cord injury lead to reduced ability to control viral infection

2010 ◽  
Vol 226 (1) ◽  
pp. 242-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine S. Held ◽  
Oswald Steward ◽  
Caroline Blanc ◽  
Thomas E. Lane
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Cord Injury

Effect of aerobic exercise on innate immune responses and inflammatory mediators in the spinal cord of diabetic rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-301
Author(s):  
A. Kaki ◽  
M. Nikbakht ◽  
A.H. Habibi ◽  
H.F. Moghadam
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Diabetic Neuropathy ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Tnf Α

Neuronal inflammation is one of the pathophysiological causes of diabetes neuropathic pain. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of aerobic exercise on innate immune responses and inflammatory mediators in the spinal dorsal horn in rats with diabetic neuropathic pain. 40 eight-week-old male Wistar rats (weight range 220±10.2 g) were randomly divided into four groups of (1) sedentary diabetic neuropathy (SDN), (2) training diabetic neuropathy (TDN), (3) training control (TC), and (4) sedentary control (SC). Diabetes was induced by injection of streptozocin (50 mg/kg). Following confirmation of behavioural tests for diabetes neuropathy, the training groups performed 6 weeks of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on the treadmill. The expression of Toll like receptor (TLR)4, TLR2, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-10 genes in L4-L6 spinal cord sensory neurons was measured by Real Time PCR. Two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni’s post hoc tests were used for statistical analysis. After performing aerobic exercise protocol, the TDN compared to the SDN showed a significant decrease in the mean score of pain in the formalin test and a significant increase in the latency in Tail-Flick test was observed. The expression of TLR4, TLR2, TNF-α and IL-1β genes was significantly higher in the SDN than in the SC group (P<0.05). The expression of the above genes in the TDN was significantly lower than the SDN group (P<0.05). Also, the expression level of IL-10 gene was significantly higher in the TDN than the SDN group (P<0.05). Aerobic exercise improved sensitivity of nociceptors to pain-inducing agents in diabetic neuropathy due to inhibition of inflammatory receptors and increased levels of anti-inflammatory agents in the nervous system. Thus, aerobic exercise should be used as a non-pharmacological intervention for diabetic patients to reduce neuropathic pain.

V. Experimental degenerations following unilateral lesions of the cortex cerebri in the bonnet monkey ( Macacus Sinicus )

1895 ◽  
Vol 58 (347-352) ◽  
pp. 206-214 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
Motor Area ◽  
Bonnet Monkey ◽  
Cortex Cerebri ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain

The object of this investigation was to trace by the so-called anatomical method the degeneration resulting from minute lesions of the motor area of the cortex cerebri through the brain and spinal cord, to locate the path of the conducting fibres in the internal capsule and elsewhere, to follow them as far as possible to their destinations, and by such control observations to check off the results obtained by previous excitation experiments.

scholarly journals Dynamic changes in the systemic immune responses of spinal cord injury model mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 382
Author(s):  
Bin Wang ◽  
Tian-Yun Gao ◽  
Fei-Fei Huang ◽  
Yuan-Yuan Xie ◽  
Wen-Qing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury Model ◽  
Injury Model ◽  
Cord Injury

scholarly journals I. Preliminary note on bilateral degeneration in the spinal cord of monkeys ( Macacus sinicus ) following unilateral lesion of the cortex cerebri

1894 ◽  
Vol 55 (331-335) ◽  
pp. 207-210 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Unilateral Lesion ◽  
Preliminary Note ◽  
Corona Radiata ◽  
Bonnet Monkey ◽  
Cortex Cerebri ◽  
The Brain

Having for some time been engaged in an investigation of the question as to how far the fibres of each pyramid descend both halves of the spinal cord, I am in a position to state that in the bonnet monkey ( Macacus sinicus ) the following arrangement prevails. Method of Investigation .—The animal being etherised, and the left hemisphere of the brain exposed by a single trephine hole (sometimes enlarged afterwards), a small portion of the excitable area of the motor cortex was selected as detailed below, the selection being confirmed in each case by electrical stimulation. A small piece of the cortex, about 0.4 cm. square, constituting the focus of the movement observed, was removed, care being taken to remove also a little of the underlying corona radiata to be sure that no cortex was left.

scholarly journals Managing Inflammation after Spinal Cord Injury through Manipulation of Macrophage Function

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Ren ◽  
Wise Young
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Inflammatory Microenvironment ◽  
Persistent Inflammation ◽  
Cord Injury

Spinal cord injury (SCI) triggers inflammation with activation of innate immune responses that contribute to secondary injury including oligodendrocyte apoptosis, demyelination, axonal degeneration, and neuronal death. Macrophage activation, accumulation, and persistent inflammation occur in SCI. Macrophages are heterogeneous cells with extensive functional plasticity and have the capacity to switch phenotypes by factors present in the inflammatory microenvironment of the injured spinal cord. This review will discuss the role of different polarized macrophages and the potential effect of macrophage-based therapies for SCI.

scholarly journals III. An experimental investigation into the arrangement of the excitable fibres of the internal capsule of the bonnet monkey (macacus sinicus)

1890 ◽  
Vol 181 ◽  
pp. 49-88 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Medulla Oblongata ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Pyramidal Tract ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
Bonnet Monkey ◽  
Cortex Cerebri

In the following paper we propose to give the results of a research on which we have been engaged nearly three years, and by which we hoped to elucidate the arrangement of the motor fibres in the internal capsule. The fibres which connect the excitable areas in the cortex cerebri with the bulbospinal grey matter in the medulla oblongata and spinal cord are commonly spoken of as forming the pyramidal tract .

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