Cytology and immunocytochemistry of the nucleus extrolateralis anterior of the mormyrid brain: possible role of GABAergic synapses in temporal analysis

1987 ◽  
Vol 176 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Mugnaini ◽  
Leonard Maler
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Gabaergic Synapses

scholarly journals Studying Collaboration Dynamics in Physical Learning Spaces: Considering the Temporal Perspective through Epistemic Network Analysis

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 2898
Author(s):  
Milica Vujovic ◽  
Ishari Amarasinghe ◽  
Davinia Hernández-Leo
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Learning ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Learning Design ◽  
Learning Spaces ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Temporal Perspective ◽  
Learning Space ◽  
Collaboration Dynamics ◽  
Collaborative Activities

The role of the learning space is especially relevant in the application of active pedagogies, for example those involving collaborative activities. However, there is limited evidence informing learning design on the potential effects of collaborative learning spaces. In particular, there is a lack of studies generating evidence derived from temporal analyses of the influence of learning spaces on the collaborative learning process. The temporal analysis perspective has been shown to be essential in the analysis of collaboration processes, as it reveals the relationships between students’ actions. The aim of this study is to explore the potential of a temporal perspective to broaden understanding of the effects of table shape on collaboration when different group sizes and genders are considered. On-task actions such as explanation, discussion, non-verbal interaction, and interaction with physical artefacts were observed while students were engaged in engineering design tasks. Results suggest that table shape influences student behaviour when taking into account different group sizes and different genders.

Multi-temporal analysis of the role of check dams in a debris-flow channel: Linking structural and functional connectivity

Geomorphology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 345 ◽  
pp. 106844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Cucchiaro ◽  
Federico Cazorzi ◽  
Lorenzo Marchi ◽  
Stefano Crema ◽  
Alberto Beinat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Debris Flow ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Flow Channel ◽  
Check Dams ◽  
Multi Temporal

scholarly journals Nitric Oxide Transiently Converts Synaptic Inhibition to Excitation in Retinal Amacrine Cells

2006 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 2866-2877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Hoffpauir ◽  
Emily McMains ◽  
Evanna Gleason
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Reversal Potential ◽  
Amacrine Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Synaptic Function ◽  
Positive Shift ◽  
Gabaergic Synapses ◽  
Multiple Cell

Nitric oxide (NO) is generated by multiple cell types in the vertebrate retina, including amacrine cells. We investigate the role of NO in the modulation of synaptic function using a culture system containing identified retinal amacrine cells. We find that moderate concentrations of NO alter GABAA receptor function to produce an enhancement of the GABA-gated current. Higher concentrations of NO also enhance GABA-gated currents, but this enhancement is primarily due to a substantial positive shift in the reversal potential of the current. Several pieces of evidence, including a similar effect on glycine-gated currents, indicate that the positive shift is due to an increase in cytosolic Cl−. This change in the chloride distribution is especially significant because it can invert the sign of GABA- and glycine-gated voltage responses. Furthermore, current- and voltage-clamp recordings from synaptic pairs of GABAergic amacrine cells demonstrate that NO transiently converts signaling at GABAergic synapses from inhibition to excitation. Persistence of the NO-induced shift in ECl− in the absence of extracellular Cl− indicates that the increase in cytosolic Cl− is due to release of Cl− from an internal store. An NO-dependent release of Cl− from an internal store is also demonstrated for rat hippocampal neurons indicating that this mechanism is not restricted to the avian retina. Thus signaling in the CNS can be fundamentally altered by an NO-dependent mobilization of an internal Cl− store.

Technical Progress in Indian Agriculture: Temporal Analysis

1992 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
Bakul H Dholakia ◽  
Ravindra H Dholakia
Keyword(s):  
Total Factor Productivity ◽  
Technical Progress ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Indian Economy ◽  
Indian Agriculture

The role of technical progress in determining the performance of Indian agriculture is the issue addressed by Bakul H Dholakia and Ravindra H Dholakia in this paper. An attempt has also been made to estimate the extent of technical progress in Indian agriculture during the period 1950-51 to 1988-89. According to the authors, the contribution of technical progress to the growth of agriculture has been steadily rising and acceleration in total factor productivity has contributed significantly to acceleration in the overall growth of the Indian economy during the eighties.

scholarly journals Role of pH in a nitric oxide-dependent increase in cytosolic Cl− in retinal amacrine cells

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 641-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily McMains ◽  
Evanna Gleason
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Cell Voltage ◽  
Amacrine Cells ◽  
Excitatory Synapses ◽  
Cytosolic Ph ◽  
Ph Imaging ◽  
Gabaergic Synapses ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cytosolic Acidification

Nitric oxide (NO) synthase-expressing neurons are found throughout the vertebrate retina. Previous work by our laboratory has shown that NO can transiently convert inhibitory GABAergic synapses onto cultured retinal amacrine cells into excitatory synapses by releasing Cl− from an internal store in the postsynaptic cell. The mechanism underlying this Cl− release is currently unknown. Because transport of Cl− across internal membranes can be coupled to proton flux, we asked whether protons could be involved in the NO-dependent release of internal Cl−. Using pH imaging and whole cell voltage-clamp recording, we addressed the relationship between cytosolic pH and cytosolic Cl− in cultured retinal amacrine cells. We found that NO reliably produces a transient decrease in cytosolic pH. A physiological link between cytosolic pH and cytosolic Cl− was established by demonstrating that shifting cytosolic pH in the absence of NO altered cytosolic Cl− concentrations. Strong buffering of cytosolic pH limited the ability of NO to increase cytosolic Cl−, suggesting that cytosolic acidification is involved in generating the NO-dependent elevation in cytosolic Cl−. Furthermore, disruption of internal proton gradients also reduced the effects of NO on cytosolic Cl−. Taken together, these results suggest a cytosolic environment where proton and Cl− fluxes are coupled in a dynamic and physiologically meaningful way.

scholarly journals The role of spatial and spatial-temporal analysis in children’s causal cognition of continuous processes

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. e0235884
Author(s):  
Selma Dündar-Coecke ◽  
Andrew Tolmie ◽  
Anne Schlottmann
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Continuous Processes ◽  
Spatial Temporal Analysis ◽  
Causal Cognition

scholarly journals Neural Network of Predictive Motor Timing in the Context of Gender Differences

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Filip ◽  
Jan Lošák ◽  
Tomáš Kašpárek ◽  
Jiří Vaníček ◽  
Martin Bareš
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Temporal Processing ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Behavioral Performance ◽  
Motor Timing ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Movement Parameters ◽  
Timing Processes

Time perception is an essential part of our everyday lives, in both the prospective and the retrospective domains. However, our knowledge of temporal processing is mainly limited to the networks responsible for comparing or maintaining specific intervals or frequencies. In the presented fMRI study, we sought to characterize the neural nodes engaged specifically in predictive temporal analysis, the estimation of the future position of an object with varying movement parameters, and the contingent neuroanatomical signature of differences in behavioral performance between genders. The established dominant cerebellar engagement offers novel evidence in favor of a pivotal role of this structure in predictive short-term timing, overshadowing the basal ganglia reported together with the frontal cortex as dominant in retrospective temporal processing in the subsecond spectrum. Furthermore, we discovered lower performance in this task and massively increased cerebellar activity in women compared to men, indicative of strategy differences between the genders. This promotes the view that predictive temporal computing utilizes comparable structures in the retrospective timing processes, but with a definite dominance of the cerebellum.

scholarly journals Experimental study of X-ray emission from laser-irradiated planar targets on “Mishen” Facility

1992 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 753-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Bolotin ◽  
I. N. Burdonskii ◽  
V. V. Gavrilov ◽  
A. Yu. Gol'tsov ◽  
S. V. Zavyalets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Spectral Resolution ◽  
Line Emission ◽  
Laser Pulses ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Ablation Rate ◽  
X Ray

X-ray emission from planar targets irradiated by 1.054-μm laser pulses was observed with temporal, spatial, and spectral resolution. The main purpose of these measurements was the investigation of energy transfer in multilayer targets and X-ray conversion efficiency. A mass ablation rate was determined from temporal analysis of multicharged ion line emission and a key role of corona X-ray emission in accelerated material preheating was established.

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