Adaptations to osmotic stress in the fresh-water euryhaline teleost Tilapia mossambica. IV. Changes in blood glucose, liver glycogen and muscle glycogen levels

1972 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bashamohideen ◽  
V. Parvatheswararao
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Tilapia Mossambica ◽  
Euryhaline Teleost

Some Effects of Metabolic Acidosis on Carbohydrate Metabolism in the Rat

1970 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. O. Alleyne ◽  
H. S. Fraser ◽  
H. S. Besterman
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
And Control ◽  
Peak Blood ◽  
Peak Blood Glucose

1. Metabolic acidosis was induced by feeding ammonium chloride to rats which were maintained on a carbohydrate diet for 48 h. 2. Fasting blood glucose was the same in acidotic and control animals, but there was an increase in liver glycogen in the former. Muscle glycogen was unchanged. 3. In vitro glycogenolysis was the same in liver slices from normal rats when incubated at a range of pH from 6·90 to 7·40. 4. The peak blood glucose in response to intraperitoneal injections of glucagon was the same in control and acidotic rats. The rate of disappearance of glucose was slower in acidotic rats both after the glucagon induced hyperglycaemia and after intravenously injected glucose. 5. Liver phosphorylase, total glycogen synthetase and the I form of this enzyme were unchanged in acidosis. 6. The data are compatible with the hypothesis that in the acidotic rat there is a block in glycolysis—possibly at the phosphofructokinase step.

scholarly journals The Role of Hormones in the Regulation of Glycogen Metabolism in the Clawed Toad Xenopus Laevis (Daudin)

2019 ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Daphna Atar-Zwillenberg ◽  
Michael Atar ◽  
Gianni Morson ◽  
Udo Spornitz
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Glycogen Metabolism ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Hepatic Glycogen ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Liver Glycogen Content

The hormonal regulation of amphibian glycogen metabolism was studied in Xenopus laevis as a typical member of the anurans (tailless amphibians).The main focus of this study was given to the effects of various hormones on the glycogen/glucose balance in adult toads. We determined biochemically the liver and muscle glycogen contents as well as the blood glucose and lipid levels for a number of hormones and also diabetes inducing substances. Additionally, we examined ultrastructure changes in hepatocytes induced by the various treatments, and also investigated the activity of carbohydrate-relevant enzymes by histochemistry. With one exception, the liver glycogen content of Xenopus remained basically unchanged by the treatments or was even slightly enhanced. Only human chorionic gonadotropin, through which the vitellogenic response is triggered, prompts a significant decrease of liver glycogen in females. Under the same conditions the male liver glycogen content remained stable. Muscle glycogen contents were not affected by any of the treatments. Blood glucose and lipid levels on the other hand were elevated considerably in both sexes after application of either epinephrine or cortisol. The ultrastructural examination revealed a proliferation of Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) in hepatocytes from epinephrine treated toads of both sexes as well as from HCG treated females. By histochemistry, we detected an elevated glucose-6-phosphatase activity in the hepatocytes from toads treated with either epinephrine or cortisol. These treatments also led to enhanced glycogen phosphorylase activity in males, and to a slightly elevated glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in females. Our results show that the hepatic glycogen is extremely stable in adult Xenopus. Only vitellogenesis causes a marked utilization of glycogen. Since the blood glucose levels are elevated in epinephrine or cortisol treated toads without the liver glycogen being affected, we conclude that either protein and/or lipid metabolism are involved in carbohydrate metabolism in Xenopus laevis.

Glycogenolytic action of mercaptoethylamine

1959 ◽  
Vol 196 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph E. Sokal ◽  
Edward J. Sarcione ◽  
Kornel E. Gerszi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Intragastric Administration ◽  
Rats And Mice ◽  
Higher Doses

The observation of Bacq, Herve and Fischer ( Bull. acad. roy. méd. Belg. 18: 226, 1953), that mercaptoethylamine induces depletion of liver glycogen in rats and mice, has been confirmed. The disulfide form of the drug (cystamine) is more consistent in its action than the sulfhydryl form (cysteamine). Parenteral doses of 150 mg/kg induce 70– 90% depletion of liver glycogen of fed rats in 2–3 hours. Intragastric administration is also effective, but higher doses are required. The compound is effective in adrenodemedullated and in depancreatized rats, and may, therefore, act directly on the liver. Reduction of muscle glycogen was observed in normal and depancreatized, but not in adrenodemedullated, rats. In adrenodemedullated rats, but not in normal or depancreatized rats, mercaptoethylamine induced distinct declines in blood glucose, in spite of hepatic glycogenolysis. These findings suggest that this agent stimulates the secretion of epinephrine and of insulin.

Free Radical Scavenging Properties and Anti-Fatigue Activities of Angelica sinensis Polysaccharides

2015 ◽  
Vol 1092-1093 ◽  
pp. 1538-1542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Angelica Sinensis ◽  
Radical Scavenging Properties

In this study, radical scavenging properties and anti-fatigue activities ofAngelica sinensispolysaccharides (ASP) were evaluated in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Forced swimming test of mice were carried out after 30 days of ASP administration (60, 120, 240 mg/kg·d), and the blood glucose, blood lactate, hemoglobin, liver glycogen and muscle glycogen were determined. The in vitro study showed that ASP had antioxidant activities, which exhibited scavenging effects on 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl and superoxide anions radicals. The in vitro study showed that ASP had anti-fatigue activities, which could extend the exhaustive swimming time, increase levels of blood glucose, hemoglobin, liver glycogen and muscle glycogen activities, and decrease blood lactate levels of mice.

scholarly journals Anti-hyperglycemic Effect of Torbangun (Coleus amboinicus Lour) Leaves Extract Through Liver and Muscle Glycogen Deposits in Streptozotocin-induced Hyperglycmic Sprague-Dawley Rats Model

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meilla Dwi Andrestian ◽  
Rizal Damanik ◽  
Faisal Anwar ◽  
Nancy Dewi Yuliana
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

The association of liver and muscle glycogen deposits with serum insulin levels, β-cells pancreas, and fasting blood glucose (FBG) of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hyperglycemic rats receiving Torbangun leaves extract (TE) investigated. The intervention performed on 25 8-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats divided into four groups. Seven rats separated as a normal group (N), and other rats injected with streptozotocin (STZ). Confirmation of hyperglycemic was characterized by fasting blood glucose >126 mg/dl. Treatment group which is NG (hyperglycemic rats); N (normal rats); H-IM (62.5 mg/kg BW metformin); and H-IT (620 mg/kg BW TE) for 14 days. This study revealed that TE significantly decreased FBG levels, increased insulin production, and the amount of liver glycogen deposits (a=0.01). However, the intervention did not significantly increase the amount of muscle glycogen deposits. TE administration improves β-cells, increases the liver and muscle glycogen deposits. TE was shown to have antihyperglycemic activity by improving the β-cell, increasing blood serum insulin levels, decreasing blood glucose levels, and increasing the liver glycogen deposits.

Studies on changes in muscle and liver glycogen in xylachlor induced fresh water teleostean fish, Channa marulius

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raju Kumar ◽  
Moti Lal Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Marked Effect ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Teleostean Fish ◽  
Nutrient Value ◽  
Channa Marulius ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Made In

Studies on Xylachlor (a weedicide) induced changes in plasma and muscle glycogen content have been made in an air breathing fresh water murrel fish, Channa marulius. It was observed that Xylachlor at all the concentrations (1.0 to 2.5ppm) caused marked effect on the levels of plasma as well as muscle glycogen of the fish under experiment causing a gradual decrease in the value as compared to control upto 96hrs of treatment in both sexes; thus indicating the deteriorated nutrient value of the fish exposed to xylachlor. The reason and mechanism of such changes have been discussed here.

scholarly journals Effects of fasting and refeeding on the metabolic functions of the turtle Kinosternon scorpioides (Linnaeus, 1766) raised in captivity

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1041-1044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia S. Oliveira ◽  
Cinthia G. Candioto ◽  
Débora M.S. Santos ◽  
José G. Pereira ◽  
Alana L. Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Food Deprivation ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Liver Lipid ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Fasting And Refeeding ◽  
The One ◽  
Muscle Lipids

The metabolic responses of adult and young freshwater Kinosternon scorpioides turtles raised in captivity were evaluated. Two experiments were performed: a) blood metabolite changes caused by food deprivation, and b) liver and muscle glycogen and total lipid differences after fasting and refeeding. Blood glucose concentration of young animals was susceptible to food deprivation. In both groups this metabolite decreased after 30 days of fasting. Feeding for 15 days did not recover blood glucose. Total seric proteins were not affected by food deprivation. Fasting decreased blood urea nitrogen and the highest difference was found around 30 days. Uric acid increased in young animals after 60 days of fasting. Triacylglicerol decreased after 15 days of fasting and refeeding for 15 days recovered the pre-fasting levels. Free fatty acid plasma tended to increase around 15 days of fasting. Liver glycogen decreased at day 15 of fasting, being stable thereafter while muscle glycogen decreased at a slower rate. Total liver lipid stabilized after 30 days and then decreased 70% after 60 days of fasting. Muscle lipids remained stable throughout fasting. It could be concluded that fasting of Kinosternon scorpioides led to metabolic adaptations similar to the one reported from reptiles and fish.

Adaptive responses of rats to prolonged treatment with epinephrine

1981 ◽  
Vol 241 (1) ◽  
pp. C55-C58 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Fell ◽  
S. E. Terblanche ◽  
W. W. Winder ◽  
J. O. Holloszy
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Prolonged Treatment ◽  
Daily Injection ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Response To Exercise

Rats were given a daily injection of L-epinephrine, 100 micrograms/100 g body wt, for 6 wk. The hearts of the epinephrine-treated animals were heavier (11.5%), and blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations were lower than those of control rats. Acute responses to epinephrine were compared in the two groups. An increase in blood glucose and decreases in plasma insulin, liver glycogen, and muscle glycogen occurred in both groups. The magnitude of these responses were similar in the two groups except for the decrease in muscle glycogen, which was smaller in the chronic epinephrine-treatment group. There were no changes in respiratory capacity, citrate synthase or succinate dehydrogenase activities, or in cytochrome c concentration in skeletal muscle in response to 6 wk of epinephrine treatment. These results are compatible with the suggestion that catecholamines may play a role in some of the metabolic and cardiac adaptations to exercise training. However, they argue strongly against the hypothesis that catecholamines are responsible for inducing the increase in muscle mitochondria that occurs in response to exercise training.

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