Localization of neuronal pathways involved in two behavioral reactions in a grasshopper

A growth in the number of deer and an increase in their productivity are closely related to the solution of the complex problem of reproduction and rational use of deer females. Significant damage to reindeer husbandry is caused by the barrenness of northern domestic deer, the level of which has been quite high in recent years. So, in the Republic of Sakha, on 01.01.2020, the number of domesticated reindeer was 152,068, of which female deer and heifers — 71,818, offspring per 100 females — 59, business yield amounted to 52 fawns per 100 females. The causes of infertility are very diverse, as the natural and climatic conditions of the breeding zones have a significant influence on the reproductive function of reindeer. In Yakutia, the main population of northern domestic deer is bred in mountain taiga and tundra natural-climatic zones, so there are about 55 thousand deer in the mountain taiga zone and more than 65 thousand deer in the tundra zone. In this regard, the study of the peculiarities of the postpartum period course in domestic reindeer females, its morphophysiology, and behavioral reactions depending on the natural and climatic conditions of breeding is of great importance.

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COVID-19 Lockdown Effect on Not Institutionalized Patients with Dementia and Caregivers

Healthcare ◽

10.3390/healthcare9070893 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 893

Author(s):

Rita Moretti ◽

Paola Caruso ◽

Mauro Giuffré ◽

Claudio Tiribelli

Keyword(s):

Medical Condition ◽

Direct Consequence ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Behavioral Reactions ◽

Old Patients ◽

Subcortical Vascular Dementia ◽

Behavior Disturbances ◽

Institutionalized Patients ◽

Severity Degree

SARS-COV-2 is a severe medical condition. Old patients are very vulnerable, but they have been studied only as institutionalized patients. During the lock-down, little attention is dedicated to old, demented patients who lived at home. This study wants to examine their behavioral reactions by video-phone follow-up. We conducted a longitudinal study in subcortical vascular dementia (sVAD) patients. We enrolled 221 sVAD, not institutionalized patients. We divided sVAD patients into low-medium grade sVAD (A) and severe sVAD (B), based on neuroimaging severity degree and executive alterations. At baseline, at the end of lock-down, and two months later, global behavioral symptoms were recorded for each patient. We found significantly higher scores of general behavioral deterioration, anxiety, delusions, hallucinations and apathy after controlling for sVAD severity. The direct consequence was a drastic increment of psychotropic drugs prescribed and employed during the lock-down. Moreover, caregivers’ stress has been evaluated, together with their anxiety and depression levels. During the lock-down, their scores increased and reflected a severe worsening of their behavior. Our data demonstrate that social isolation induces a severe perception of loneliness and abandonment; these fears can exacerbate behavior disturbances in old-aged frail persons. Thus, these can be considered as indirect victims of SARS-COV-2.

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Behavioral reactions relate to adrenal activity and temperament in male clouded leopards (Neofelis nebulosa)

Applied Animal Behaviour Science ◽

10.1016/j.applanim.2013.09.008 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 149 (1-4) ◽

pp. 63-71 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Heather B. DeCaluwe ◽

Nadja C. Wielebnowski ◽

JoGayle Howard ◽

Katharine M. Pelican ◽

Mary Ann Ottinger

Keyword(s):

Behavioral Reactions ◽

Neofelis Nebulosa

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The fleeting gleam of praise: Cognitive processes underlying behavioral reactions to self-relevant feedback.

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology ◽

10.1037/0022-3514.59.1.17 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 59 (1) ◽

pp. 17-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 122

Author(s):

William B. Swann ◽

J. Gregory Hixon ◽

Alan Stein-Seroussi ◽

Daniel T. Gilbert

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Processes ◽

Behavioral Reactions ◽

Relevant Feedback

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Three-dimensional analysis of the characteristics of joint motion and gait pattern in a rodent model following spinal nerve ligation

BioMedical Engineering OnLine ◽

10.1186/s12938-021-00892-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Takayuki Seto ◽

Hidenori Suzuki ◽

Tomoya Okazaki ◽

Yasuaki Imajo ◽

Norihiro Nishida ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neuropathic Pain ◽

Pain Intensity ◽

Rat Model ◽

Gait Pattern ◽

Spinal Nerve ◽

Spinal Nerve Ligation ◽

Joint Motion ◽

Behavioral Reactions ◽

Post Operation ◽

The Right

Abstract Background The spinal nerve ligation (SNL) rat is well known as the most common rodent model of neuropathic pain without motor deficit. Researchers have performed analyses using only the von Frey and thermal withdrawal tests to evaluate pain intensity in the rat experimental model. However, these test are completely different from the neurological examinations performed clinically. We think that several behavioral reactions must be observed following SNL because the patients with neuropathic pain usually have impaired coordination of the motions of the right–left limbs and right–left joint motion differences. In this study, we attempted to clarify the pain behavioral reactions in SNL rat model as in patients. We used the Kinema-Tracer system for 3D kinematics gait analysis to identify new characteristic parameters of each joint movement and gait pattern. Results The effect of SNL on mechanical allodynia was a 47 ± 6.1% decrease in the withdrawal threshold during 1–8 weeks post-operation. Sagittal trajectories of the hip, knee and ankle markers in SNL rats showed a large sagittal fluctuation of each joint while walking. Top minus bottom height of the left hip and knee that represents instability during walking was significantly larger in the SNL than sham rats. Both-foot contact time, which is one of the gait characteristics, was significantly longer in the SNL versus sham rats: 1.9 ± 0.15 s vs. 1.03 ± 0.15 s at 4 weeks post-operation (p = 0.003). We also examined the circular phase time to evaluate coordination of the right and left hind-limbs. The ratio of the right/left circular time was 1.0 ± 0.08 in the sham rats and 0.62 ± 0.15 in the SNL rats at 4 weeks post-operation. Conclusions We revealed new quantitative parameters in an SNL rat model that are directly relevant to the neurological symptoms in patients with neuropathic pain, in whom the von Frey and thermal withdrawal tests are not used at all clinically. This new 3D analysis system can contribute to the analysis of pain intensity of SNL rats in detail similar to human patients’ reactions following neuropathic pain.

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Do marmosets understand others’ conversations? A thermography approach

Science Advances ◽

10.1126/sciadv.abc8790 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. eabc8790 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. K. Brügger ◽

E. P. Willems ◽

J. M. Burkart

Keyword(s):

Third Party ◽

Behavioral Reactions ◽

Behavioral Preference ◽

The Mind ◽

Physiological Reactions ◽

Marmoset Monkeys ◽

Vocal Interactions

What information animals derive from eavesdropping on interactions between conspecifics, and whether they assign value to it, is difficult to assess because overt behavioral reactions are often lacking. An inside perspective of how observers perceive and process such interactions is thus paramount. Here, we investigate what happens in the mind of marmoset monkeys when they hear playbacks of positive or negative third-party vocal interactions, by combining thermography to assess physiological reactions and behavioral preference measures. The physiological reactions show that playbacks were perceived and processed holistically as interactions rather than as the sum of the separate elements. Subsequently, the animals preferred those individuals who had been simulated to engage in positive, cooperative vocal interactions during the playbacks. By using thermography to disentangle the mechanics of marmoset sociality, we thus find that marmosets eavesdrop on and socially evaluate vocal exchanges and use this information to distinguish between cooperative and noncooperative conspecifics.

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COMPLEXITIES OF PARENTAL UNDERSTANDING OF PHENYLKETONURIA

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.48.2.216 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 216-224

Author(s):

Maarten S. Sibinga ◽

C. Jack Friedman

Keyword(s):

Complete Understanding ◽

Behavioral Reactions ◽

Behavior Ratings ◽

Parent Group ◽

Iq Scores ◽

Intellectual Status ◽

Behavioral Score ◽

The Individual

Parental understanding of phenylketonuria (PKU),investigated through a questionnaire, was evaluated as to completeness and with respect to distortion. Only 19% of 79 parents gave adequately correct answers. The education of the parents was not related to their understanding. Neither the intellectual status of the child with PKU nor its behavioral reactions were found to be related to the individual parent's understanding of the illness. However, the better the understanding of a marital pair, the more intelligent the child was (p < .05) and the higher its behavioral score tended to be (p < .10). Mothers with more complete understanding tended to have brighter sons. Half of the total parent group displayed considerable tendencies to distort in their answers to the questionnaires, education again being unrelated to distortion. Fathers who were more prone to distort had children with lower IQ scores (p < .05) and poorer behavior ratings (p < .10). We believe that effectiveness of communication with parents is, in part, related to the nature of parental thinking. This might be explored independenty, not where it pertains to the child's illness.

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Features of the course of birth in northern domestic deer in the conditions of the North-East of Russia (Yakutia)

Genetika i razvedenie zhivotnyh ◽

10.31043/2410-2733-2021-1-23-28 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 23-28

Author(s):

V. Fedorov ◽

T. Ippolitova ◽

E. Sleptsov ◽

K. Plemyashov

Keyword(s):

Living Environment ◽

Behavioral Reactions ◽

Climatic Zones ◽

North East ◽

The North ◽

The Republic ◽

A Minor ◽

Harsh Conditions ◽

Generic Process

Purpose: Determination of the peculiarities of the behavior and the flow of childbirth in females (wrenches) of the northern home deer of the Even Breed of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), depending on the natural climatic zone of breeding.Material and research methods. Research of the reservation of the hotel's reservoir of the northern home deer was held from April to June in the reindeer herds of the mountain-taiga (FSUE «Yuchjuyuskoye») and the Tundrov zones (SHPZK «Taba-Yana») of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in the conditions of nomadic home reindeer herding since 2013 2018 In the study, the method of observation is used with the registration of motor activity of animals and the activities of individual bodies in a certain living environment.Results. To fix some patterns and species features of the generic process, 8 main elementary behavioral reactions spent venizables of northern domestic deer per day before childbirth: walking, feeding feed, chewing, leisure standing, rest lying, sleep, urination (how many times / total time), defecation (how many times / total time). Also marked 4 behavioral reactions on the hotel day: the exploitation time of the fetus, the licking of the calf, the time of the calf on his feet after delivery, the first reception of the mosper calf after birth. For each parameter, data reflected in tabular format is obtained.Conclusion. It has been established that the degree of adaptation of the northern domestic deer to the harsh conditions of existence in various natural-climatic zones of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is very high, which is manifested in a minor difference in the duration of the generic process and behavioral reactions at the vainer of the mountain and tundra and tundra dilution zones.

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Features of the sensitivity of the central nervous system of the organism of experimental animals to the effects of certain psychotropic drugs and their combinations against the background of chronic alcohol intoxication in a chronopharmacological experiment

Terapevt (General Physician) ◽

10.33920/med-12-2012-07 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 56-62

Author(s):

E.V. Filippova

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Intoxication ◽

Laboratory Animals ◽

Histological Structure ◽

Chronic Alcohol ◽

Behavioral Reactions ◽

Experimental Animals ◽

Chronic Alcohol Intoxication ◽

Psychotropic Action ◽

Adaptive Effect ◽

The Central Nervous System

In a chronopharmacological experiment, the effect of two drugs with psychotropic action in combinations on the behavior of laboratory animals subjected to chronic alcohol intoxication was examined. Against the background of a deprimating agent, a decrease in the threshold of sensitivity to electrical irritation and the duration of an aggressive reaction was revealed; an increase in these indicators was established with a combination of a deprimating drug with an antioxidant. It has been shown that the antioxidant has a desynchronizing effect on the behavioral reactions of laboratory animals for two days, which indicates a pronounced adaptive effect. In the case of using combinations of a deprimating agent with an antioxidant, a decrease in the destruction of the histological structure of the myocardium against the background of chronic alcoholization was established.

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