Heterogeneous glycaemic and insulinaemic responses to oral glucose in non-diabetic men: interactions between duration of obesity, body fat distribution and family history of diabetes mellitus

AbstractThe aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of diabetes mellitus in the Basque Country and the risk factors involved in the disease by reassessing an adult population after 7 years of follow-up. In the previous prevalence study, 847 people older than 18 years were randomly selected from all over the Basque Country and were invited to answer a medical questionnaire, followed by a physical examination and an oral glucose tolerance test. In the reassessment, the same variables were collected and the resulting cohort comprised 517 individuals of whom 43 had diabetes at baseline. The cumulative incidence of diabetes was 4.64% in 7 years and the raw incidence rate was 6.56 cases/1000 person-years (95%CI: 4.11–9.93). Among the incident cases, 59% were undiagnosed. The most strongly associated markers by univariate analyses were age > 60 years, dyslipidaemia, prediabetes and insulin resistance. We also found association with hypertension, obesity, family history of diabetes and low education level. Multivariate analysis adjusted for age and sex showed that a set of risk factors assessed together (dyslipidaemia, waist-to-hip-ratio and family history of diabetes) had great predictive value (AUC-ROC = 0.899, 95%CI: 0.846–0.953, p = 0.942), which suggests the need for early intervention before the onset of prediabetes.

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Socioeconomic and lifestyle determinants of the prevalence of hypertension among elderly individuals in rural southwest China: a structural equation modelling approach

BMC Cardiovascular Disorders ◽

10.1186/s12872-021-01885-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Li Xiao ◽

Cai Le ◽

Gui-Yi Wang ◽

Lu-Ming Fan ◽

Wen-Long Cui ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Family History ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Body Fat ◽

Physical Inactivity ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Southwest China ◽

Fat Distribution ◽

Body Fat Distribution ◽

History Of ◽

Family History Of Hypertension

Abstract Background This study examines the association between socioeconomic and lifestyle factors and the prevalence of hypertension among elderly individuals in rural Southwest China. Methods A cross-sectional survey of 4833 consenting adults aged ≥ 60 years in rural regions of Yunnan Province, China, was conducted in 2017. Data on individual socioeconomic status, sleep quality, physical activity level, and family history of hypertension were collected with a standardized questionnaire. Blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, height, weight, and waist circumference were also measured. An individual socioeconomic position (SEP) index was constructed using principal component analysis. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was applied to analyse the association between socioeconomic and lifestyle factors and the prevalence of hypertension. Results The overall prevalence of hypertension was 50.6% in the study population. Body fat distribution, including measures of obesity and central obesity, had the greatest total effect on hypertension (0.21), followed by family history of hypertension (0.14), biological sex (0.08), sleep quality (− 0.07), SEP (− 0.06), physical inactivity (0.06), and diabetes (0.06). Body fat distribution, SEP, and family history of hypertension had both direct and indirect effects on hypertension, whereas physical inactivity, diabetes, and sleep quality were directly associated with the prevalence of hypertension. Biological sex was indirectly associated with the prevalence of hypertension. Conclusions SEP, body fat distribution, physical inactivity, diabetes, and sleep quality critically influence the prevalence of hypertension. Future interventions to prevent and control hypertension should give increased attention to individuals with low SEP and should focus on controlling diabetes and obesity, increasing physical activity levels, and improving quality of sleep among older adults aged ≥ 60 years in rural Southwest China.

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The prevalence of insulin resistance in patients with β -thalassemia major at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi43.4.2003.117-20 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 117

Author(s):

Caroline Mulawi ◽

Bambang Tridjaja ◽

Maria Abdulsalam ◽

Zakiudin Munasir

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Family History ◽

Glucose Metabolism ◽

Thalassemia Major ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Family History Of Diabetes ◽

History Of

Background Diabetes mellitus is a common complication in pa-tients with thalassemia major. Iron overload plays an important roleby damaging the pancreatic β-cell and the liver cell, with the con-sequences of insulin deficiency and insulin resistance. Family his-tory of diabetes mellitus is one of the critical factors for the devel-opment of glucose metabolism derangement. However, the patho-genesis of glucose metabolism derangement remains unclear.Objective To evaluate the prevalence of impaired glucose toler-ance, diabetes mellitus, and insulin resistance in patients with β-thalassemia major treated in the Thalassemia Outpatient Clinic,Department of Child Health, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital,Jakarta.Methods This was a descriptive cross sectional study conductedin May 2002. Forty-eight subjects aged 10 to 18 years, grouped bytotal volume of transfusions and family history of diabetes mellitus,underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), serum transfer-rin saturation, and insulin level examinations. Insulin resistancewas calculated from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concen-trations using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA).Results One of 48 patients (2%) had impaired glucose toleranceat the age of 17 years. Diabetes mellitus occurred in three of 48patients (6%) at the age of 15.5 years in one patient and 18 yearsin two patients. Family history of diabetes mellitus was found in 2patients with diabetes mellitus and in the only one with impairedglucose tolerance. Insulin resistance was not detected in this study.Conclusion The prevalence of glucose metabolism derangementin patients with thalassemia major was low. No insulin resistancewas found in this study

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Prevalence and cause of gestational diabetes mellitus in a tertiary care center in Kolar district: a population based study

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20193030 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 2709

Author(s):

Poojita Tummala ◽

Munikrishna M. ◽

Kiranmayee P.

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Family History ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Family History Of Diabetes ◽

History Of

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is carbohydrate intolerance at the onset of pregnancy which induces pathological short term or long term outcomes for both mother and baby. The aim of the present study was to know the prevalence of GDM in pregnant women who were attending the antenatal care (ANC) center at a tertiary care hospital in Kolar, Karnataka, India.Methods: This prospective study was conducted in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, a constituent of Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research, Kolar, Karnataka, India. The duration of the study was two months. In this study, 108 pregnant women above 24 weeks of gestation were screened for GDM by oral glucose tolerance test. Fasting 2 milli liter blood was collected and were given 75 grams of glucose in 200 milli liters of water and asked to drink within 5 minutes. Again 2 milli liters venous blood was collected after 1 hour and 2 hours from all participants. Plasma sample was used for the estimation of glucose by glucose oxidase and peroxidase (GOD-POD) method.Results: Out of 108, 12 women (11.1%) were diagnosed with GDM. The prevalence rate was higher in the age group of 26-30 years (41.6%). Among 12 diabetic women, five (47.2%) exercised regularly and seven (58.3%) did not doing exercise. Out of 12 GDM subjects, eight of them had family history of diabetes in first degree relatives; among which one was hypertensive and five were suffering from thyroid problems.Conclusions: In the present study, the prevalence of GDM was found to be 11.1%. Prevalence of GDM might be influenced by increasing age, pre pregnancy weight, family history of diabetes, past history of pregnancy complications, status of literacy and exercise.

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GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2016.23.01.751 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 23 (01) ◽

pp. 015-019

Author(s):

Afsheen Qazi ◽

Amin Fahim ◽

Aneela Qureshi3 ◽

Mazhar ul Haque

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Family History ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Family History Of Diabetes ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

History Of

Objectives: The present study was designed to find the importance of properscreening and early diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus. Study Design: A prospective/descriptive study Place of Study: tertiary care hospital Hyderabad. Duration of Study: fromSeptember 2014 to November 2014. Materials and Methods: A total of 168 pregnant femalesbetween the ages of 20-40 years & in their 24th to 28th week of gestation were enrolled for thestudy. Oral Glucose Tolerance Test of all the participants was done after an overnight fasting of10-12 hours. All the participants were given 75gm of glucose per 100 ml of distilled water. Theblood samples were collected after two hours time for serum glucose levels. Results: Mostof the participants were below 26 years of age 47(27.9%) with the mean age of 30.2±5.83years. However the highest prevalence of GDM was observed in age group 31-35 years (36%).Among the 25 cases of gestational diabetes mellitus the highest number of patients with GDMwere multipara (40%) followed by parity of 3-4 gravida (32%). Twenty seven women (16%)women had family history of diabetes mellitus. Among these 12/27 (44.4%) women were foundwith GDM, compared to 15/141 (10.6%) who have no family history of diabetes mellitus. Total14 (8.33%) women were found obese, out of these 8 (57%) women had GDM while only 6(42.8%) women had no GDM. Conclusion: The prevalence of GDM in the present study isfound to be 14.8%. A prevalence of GDM was higher in the elderly multiparous females whowere overweight and had family history of diabetes mellitus.

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PREDICTION OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS BY FINDRISC ON PRE-DIABETES PATIENTS OVER 45 YEARS OLD

Journal of Medicine and Pharmacy ◽

10.34071/jmp.2012.4.3 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 20-29

Author(s):

Van Vy Hau Nguyen ◽

Hai Thuy Nguyen

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Family History ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Undiagnosed Diabetes ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Family History Of Diabetes ◽

History Of

Objectives: To predict the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in ten years by applying FINDRISC. Methods: 131 patients were diagnosed pre-diabetes according to the ADA (2010) criteria using fasting plasma glucose, 2h after 75g oral glucose load and/or HbA1c. FINDRISC includes eight parameters: age, abdominal obesity, waist circumference, family history of diabetes, physical activity, history of increased glucose and using of anti-hypertensive medications and eating habit of vegetables fruits or berries. Results: In the eight element of FINDRISC, BMI and waist circumference, family history of diabetes, history of hypertension and antihypertensive drug use are risk factors are most important. The area under the curve order is 0.912; 0.879; 0.819; 0.720 and 0.664 respectively. Application FINDRISC- South Asian we recorded the optimal cut points 9 points (Se = 0.61, Sp = 0.85, p <0.001) to detect pre-diabetes and 15 points (Se = 1.00 and Sp=0.91, p< 0.0001) to detect diabetes. Risk of diabetes in 10 years by using FINDRISC-Asian scale is higher than using FINDRISC- European scale: 7.68% vs 4.91% in men, 9.64% vs 8.17% in female and 8.74% vs 6.68% for both sexes, respectively. Conclusion: We can use FINDRISC to predict the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and screening type 2 undiagnosed diabetes mellitus in Vietnam if the BMI and waist circumference are change criteria for South Asia.

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Family History of Diabetes Mellitus and Oral Glucose Tolerance Testing Criteria

Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica ◽

10.3109/00016348709015722 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 66 (6) ◽

pp. 489-492 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Joanne Piscitelli ◽

Robert D. Eden ◽

Frederick R. Jelovsek ◽

Arnold S. Grandis ◽

Stanley A. Gall

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Family History ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽

Oral Glucose Tolerance Testing ◽

Family History Of Diabetes ◽

History Of ◽

Testing Criteria ◽

Tolerance Testing

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To study the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus and risk factors associated with GDM

International Journal of Advances in Medicine ◽

10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20170087 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 112 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Maxima Anand ◽

Manan Anand ◽

Devinder Singh Mahajan

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Family History ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Challenge Test ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Family History Of Diabetes ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

History Of

Background: Diabetes is estimated to complicate 2-5% of all pregnancies of which 90% of those are detected during pregnancy i.e. gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and the rest are overt or pregestational i.e. either Type 1 or Type 2. According to ADA, approximately 7% of all pregnancies are complicated by GDM resulting in more than 2,00,000 cases annually. The aim was to study the incidence of GDM among pregnant women between 24 to 28 weeks of gestation, to evaluate and compare the occurrence of risk factors e.g.; family history of diabetes, prematurity, history of foetal loss and congenital anomaly associated with diabetes in pregnancy.Methods: 50gm of glucose, glucose challenge test (GCT) was given to women coming for antenatal check-up between 24 to 28 weeks of gestation irrespective of presence or absence of risk factors for GDM.1 hour glucose levels were checked. Patients with glucose levels more than 130mg/dl were subjected to 100gm of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) according to Carpenter and Coustan modification of the National Diabetes Data. Data was compiled and statistically analysed.Results: In this study it was observed that 20 (women had raised GCT, 11 (5.3%) women developed GDM out of 206 women. All GDM patients have one or more risk factors. Age >25 years (63.6%) fetal loss (36.3%), BMI (33.3%) are common risk factors followed by family history of diabetes (27.3%).Conclusions: Family history of diabetes and past history of congenital anomalies are statistically significant in GDM group as compared to non GDM.

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Postpartum glucose tolerance status 6 to 12 weeks after gestational diabetes mellitus: a Brazilian cohort

Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia ◽

10.1590/0004-2730000003069 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 58 (2) ◽

pp. 197-204 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Letícia Schwerz Weinert ◽

Livia Silveira Mastella ◽

Maria Lúcia Rocha Oppermann ◽

Sandra Pinho Silveiro ◽

Luciano Santos Pinto Guimarães ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Family History ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Diabetes Screening ◽

Family History Of Diabetes ◽

History Of ◽

Postpartum Diabetes

Objectives: The aims of this study were to estimate the local rate of postpartum diabetes screening after gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) pregnancies, and to identify clinical variables associated with retesting rates and with the persistence of decreased glucose tolerance. Subjects and methods: Prospective cohort of GDM women with prenatal delivery at a specialized center, from November 2009 to May 2012. All women were advised to schedule a 6 weeks postpartum 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Results: Of the 209 women included, 108 (51.7%) returned to be tested with fasting plasma glucose (n = 14), OGTT (n = 93) or random glucose (n = 1). Return was associated with lower parity rate (2 vs. 3, p < 0.001) and higher pregnancy 2-h OGTT (165 vs. 155 mg/dL, p = 0.034), but not with socio-demographic characteristics. Four women (3.7%) had diabetes, 22 (20.4%) had impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance. Persistent hyperglycemia was associated with a positive family history of diabetes (relative risk - RR 2.41, p = 0.050), diagnostic 2-h OGTT in pregnancy (RR 1.01, p = 0.045), insulin use during pregnancy (RR 2.37, p = 0.014), and cesarean section (RR 2.61, p = 0.015). Conclusions: Even though postpartum abnormalities were frequent in GDM, rates of postpartum diabetes screening were undesirably low. As no specific clinical profile defines who will adhere to postpartum testing, it is essential to encourage all women to reevaluate their glucose status, particularly those with a family history of diabetes and more severe hyperglycemia. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2014;58(2):197-204

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Risk Factors for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Ibrahim Cardiac Medical Journal ◽

10.3329/icmj.v5i1-2.53718 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (1-2) ◽

pp. 49-53

Author(s):

Zinat Begum ◽

Dewan Shahida Banu ◽

Shaila Sharmeen Shanta ◽

Shitil Ibna Islam

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Family History ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Plasma Glucose ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Family History Of Diabetes ◽

History Of

Objective: The present study was undertaken to determine the risk factors for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) presented at Bangladesh Institute of Research in Diabetes, Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM). Materials & methods: The present case-control study was conducted at BIRDEM Hospital, Dhaka over a period of 6 months from July to December 2011. A total of 100 pregnant women (20 cases and 80 controls) were consecutively enrolled in the study. Pregnant women who developed diabetes at their 3rd trimester were cases (n = 20), while pregnant women free from diabetes at their 3rd trimester were controls (n = 80). The diagnosis of GDM was made using a two-step approach. Pregnant women were initially screened by measuring the plasma glucose concentrations 1 hour after a 50 gram of oral glucose challenge. A diagnostic oral glucose tolerance test was performed on the subset of women whose plasma glucose concentrations exceded the threshold value for glucose (> 140 mg/dl). Result: The study showed that older patients (≥ 25 years) were predominant in both case and control groups. The groups were almost comparable in terms of socioeconomic status and occupation. The distribution of gestational age was also similar between groups (33.1 ± 6.3 vs. 34.2 ± 3.9 years, p = 0.476). Majority (85%) of the cases had family history of diabetes (p < 0.001). Thirty five percent of cases were nulipara and 65% multipara compared to 51.3% and 48.7% respectively of the control (p = 0.076). No significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of preterm labour and PROM (p = 0.690 and 0.220 respectively). Forty percent of cases had past history of GDM compared to 3.8% of controls (p < 0.001). The fasting plasma glucose and plasma glucose 2 hrs after 75 g of glucose ingestion were significantly higher in pregnant women having GDM than those in normal pregnant women (8.3 ± 3.1 vs. 4.1 ± 0.5 mmol/L, p < 0.001;12.9 ± 4.8 vs. 5.9 ± 1.2 mmol/L, p < 0.001 respectively). Conclusion: The study concluded that none of the sociodemographic characteristics like age, socioeconomic status and occupation was found to be associated with GDM. However, pregnant women with family history of diabetes are at risk of developing GDM significantly more than those without GDM. Multipara tend to develop GDM more frequently than the primipara does. Past incidence of GDM increases the risk of GDM in the subsequent pregnancy. Ibrahim Card Med J 2015; 5 (1&2): 49-53

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