scholarly journals Incidence of diabetes mellitus and associated risk factors in the adult population of the Basque country, Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Inés Urrutia ◽  
◽  
Alicia Martín-Nieto ◽  
Rosa Martínez ◽  
J Oriol Casanovas-Marsal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Basque Country ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Incident Cases

AbstractThe aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of diabetes mellitus in the Basque Country and the risk factors involved in the disease by reassessing an adult population after 7 years of follow-up. In the previous prevalence study, 847 people older than 18 years were randomly selected from all over the Basque Country and were invited to answer a medical questionnaire, followed by a physical examination and an oral glucose tolerance test. In the reassessment, the same variables were collected and the resulting cohort comprised 517 individuals of whom 43 had diabetes at baseline. The cumulative incidence of diabetes was 4.64% in 7 years and the raw incidence rate was 6.56 cases/1000 person-years (95%CI: 4.11–9.93). Among the incident cases, 59% were undiagnosed. The most strongly associated markers by univariate analyses were age > 60 years, dyslipidaemia, prediabetes and insulin resistance. We also found association with hypertension, obesity, family history of diabetes and low education level. Multivariate analysis adjusted for age and sex showed that a set of risk factors assessed together (dyslipidaemia, waist-to-hip-ratio and family history of diabetes) had great predictive value (AUC-ROC = 0.899, 95%CI: 0.846–0.953, p = 0.942), which suggests the need for early intervention before the onset of prediabetes.

scholarly journals To study the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus and risk factors associated with GDM

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxima Anand ◽  
Manan Anand ◽  
Devinder Singh Mahajan
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
History Of

Background: Diabetes is estimated to complicate 2-5% of all pregnancies of which 90% of those are detected during pregnancy i.e. gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and the rest are overt or pregestational i.e. either Type 1 or Type 2. According to ADA, approximately 7% of all pregnancies are complicated by GDM resulting in more than 2,00,000 cases annually. The aim was to study the incidence of GDM among pregnant women between 24 to 28 weeks of gestation, to evaluate and compare the occurrence of risk factors e.g.; family history of diabetes, prematurity, history of foetal loss and congenital anomaly associated with diabetes in pregnancy.Methods: 50gm of glucose, glucose challenge test (GCT) was given to women coming for antenatal check-up between 24 to 28 weeks of gestation irrespective of presence or absence of risk factors for GDM.1 hour glucose levels were checked. Patients with glucose levels more than 130mg/dl were subjected to 100gm of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) according to Carpenter and Coustan modification of the National Diabetes Data. Data was compiled and statistically analysed.Results: In this study it was observed that 20 (women had raised GCT, 11 (5.3%) women developed GDM out of 206 women. All GDM patients have one or more risk factors. Age >25 years (63.6%) fetal loss (36.3%), BMI (33.3%) are common risk factors followed by family history of diabetes (27.3%).Conclusions: Family history of diabetes and past history of congenital anomalies are statistically significant in GDM group as compared to non GDM.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
Zinat Begum ◽  
Dewan Shahida Banu ◽  
Shaila Sharmeen Shanta ◽  
Shitil Ibna Islam
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Family History ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
History Of

Objective: The present study was undertaken to determine the risk factors for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) presented at Bangladesh Institute of Research in Diabetes, Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM). Materials & methods: The present case-control study was conducted at BIRDEM Hospital, Dhaka over a period of 6 months from July to December 2011. A total of 100 pregnant women (20 cases and 80 controls) were consecutively enrolled in the study. Pregnant women who developed diabetes at their 3rd trimester were cases (n = 20), while pregnant women free from diabetes at their 3rd trimester were controls (n = 80). The diagnosis of GDM was made using a two-step approach. Pregnant women were initially screened by measuring the plasma glucose concentrations 1 hour after a 50 gram of oral glucose challenge. A diagnostic oral glucose tolerance test was performed on the subset of women whose plasma glucose concentrations exceded the threshold value for glucose (> 140 mg/dl). Result: The study showed that older patients (≥ 25 years) were predominant in both case and control groups. The groups were almost comparable in terms of socioeconomic status and occupation. The distribution of gestational age was also similar between groups (33.1 ± 6.3 vs. 34.2 ± 3.9 years, p = 0.476). Majority (85%) of the cases had family history of diabetes (p < 0.001). Thirty five percent of cases were nulipara and 65% multipara compared to 51.3% and 48.7% respectively of the control (p = 0.076). No significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of preterm labour and PROM (p = 0.690 and 0.220 respectively). Forty percent of cases had past history of GDM compared to 3.8% of controls (p < 0.001). The fasting plasma glucose and plasma glucose 2 hrs after 75 g of glucose ingestion were significantly higher in pregnant women having GDM than those in normal pregnant women (8.3 ± 3.1 vs. 4.1 ± 0.5 mmol/L, p < 0.001;12.9 ± 4.8 vs. 5.9 ± 1.2 mmol/L, p < 0.001 respectively). Conclusion: The study concluded that none of the sociodemographic characteristics like age, socioeconomic status and occupation was found to be associated with GDM. However, pregnant women with family history of diabetes are at risk of developing GDM significantly more than those without GDM. Multipara tend to develop GDM more frequently than the primipara does. Past incidence of GDM increases the risk of GDM in the subsequent pregnancy. Ibrahim Card Med J 2015; 5 (1&2): 49-53

scholarly journals Neonatal outcome in pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus: a hospital based study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaraddi Sanjay K. ◽  
Saranya Andal Kishore ◽  
Nedunchezian P. ◽  
Sulekha C.
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
History Of

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is amongst the most common medical complications of pregnancy associated with adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. The prevalence of GDM is increasing worldwide especially in India with increasing obesity and lifestyle and dietary changes. Hence this study was undertaken to study the prevalence of GDM and to evaluate its neonatal outcomes.Methods: This was a prospective study. During the study period, 205 pregnant women between 24 to 28 weeks of gestation were screened for GDM using 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and were diagnosed to have GDM based on WHO criteria. Risk factors for GDM, maternal and neonatal outcomes were studied.Results: The prevalence of GDM in the study population was 7.8%. Prevalence of GDM cases was significantly associated with body mass index (BMI) >25 kg/m2, family history of diabetes, previous macrosomia/large for gestational age (LGA) baby and past history of GDM with p <0.001 and with multiparity (p = 0.024). Maternal age >25 years was not statistically associated with prevalence of GDM (p = 0.358). Incidence of pre-eclampsia and polyhydramnios were significantly higher among GDM cases. Operative delivery and assisted (forceps) delivery had strongly significant association with GDM (p <0.001). GDM cases were significantly associated with higher birth weight (>3.5 kg) in the neonates (p <0.001). Hypoglycemia was the most common complication noted in neonates of GDM women. Incidence of respiratory distress, transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN), polycythemia and neonatal hyperbilirubinemia were also significantly more common among neonates born to GDM women.Conclusions: BMI >25 kg/m2, family history of diabetes, past GDM and previous LGA baby were important risk factors for GDM. The study emphasizes the need to screen all pregnant women for GDM, so that timely diagnosis and intervention will reduce both maternal and perinatal complications.

scholarly journals The prevalence of insulin resistance in patients with β -thalassemia major at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Caroline Mulawi ◽  
Bambang Tridjaja ◽  
Maria Abdulsalam ◽  
Zakiudin Munasir
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Family History ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Thalassemia Major ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
History Of

Background Diabetes mellitus is a common complication in pa-tients with thalassemia major. Iron overload plays an important roleby damaging the pancreatic β-cell and the liver cell, with the con-sequences of insulin deficiency and insulin resistance. Family his-tory of diabetes mellitus is one of the critical factors for the devel-opment of glucose metabolism derangement. However, the patho-genesis of glucose metabolism derangement remains unclear.Objective To evaluate the prevalence of impaired glucose toler-ance, diabetes mellitus, and insulin resistance in patients with β-thalassemia major treated in the Thalassemia Outpatient Clinic,Department of Child Health, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital,Jakarta.Methods This was a descriptive cross sectional study conductedin May 2002. Forty-eight subjects aged 10 to 18 years, grouped bytotal volume of transfusions and family history of diabetes mellitus,underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), serum transfer-rin saturation, and insulin level examinations. Insulin resistancewas calculated from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concen-trations using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA).Results One of 48 patients (2%) had impaired glucose toleranceat the age of 17 years. Diabetes mellitus occurred in three of 48patients (6%) at the age of 15.5 years in one patient and 18 yearsin two patients. Family history of diabetes mellitus was found in 2patients with diabetes mellitus and in the only one with impairedglucose tolerance. Insulin resistance was not detected in this study.Conclusion The prevalence of glucose metabolism derangementin patients with thalassemia major was low. No insulin resistancewas found in this study

scholarly journals Prevalence and cause of gestational diabetes mellitus in a tertiary care center in Kolar district: a population based study

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 2709
Author(s):  
Poojita Tummala ◽  
Munikrishna M. ◽  
Kiranmayee P.
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Family History ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
History Of

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is carbohydrate intolerance at the onset of pregnancy which induces pathological short term or long term outcomes for both mother and baby. The aim of the present study was to know the prevalence of GDM in pregnant women who were attending the antenatal care (ANC) center at a tertiary care hospital in Kolar, Karnataka, India.Methods: This prospective study was conducted in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, a constituent of Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research, Kolar, Karnataka, India. The duration of the study was two months. In this study, 108 pregnant women above 24 weeks of gestation were screened for GDM by oral glucose tolerance test. Fasting 2 milli liter blood was collected and were given 75 grams of glucose in 200 milli liters of water and asked to drink within 5 minutes. Again 2 milli liters venous blood was collected after 1 hour and 2 hours from all participants. Plasma sample was used for the estimation of glucose by glucose oxidase and peroxidase (GOD-POD) method.Results: Out of 108, 12 women (11.1%) were diagnosed with GDM. The prevalence rate was higher in the age group of 26-30 years (41.6%).  Among 12 diabetic women, five (47.2%) exercised regularly and seven (58.3%) did not doing exercise. Out of 12 GDM subjects, eight of them had family history of diabetes in first degree relatives; among which one was hypertensive and five were suffering from thyroid problems.Conclusions: In the present study, the prevalence of GDM was found to be 11.1%. Prevalence of GDM might be influenced by increasing age, pre pregnancy weight, family history of diabetes, past history of pregnancy complications, status of literacy and exercise.

scholarly journals Post-transplantation diabetes mellitus after kidney transplantation and its related factors in Iranian patients: a retrospective single-center study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. e14-e14
Author(s):  
Elham Ramezanzadeh ◽  
Azin Tirbakhsh ◽  
Ali Monfared ◽  
Masoud Khosravi ◽  
Mohammadkazem Lebadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Beta Blocker ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Single Center ◽  
Post Transplantation ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Kidney Recipients ◽  
History Of

Introduction: Post-transplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is a metabolic complication following transplantation, which is associated with cardiovascular disease and leads to increased post-ttransplantation morbidity and mortality. Objectives: To identify the incidence of PTDM and its risk factors in kidney recipients at a single-center in Iran. Patients and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on 379 kidney recipients with a negative history of diabetes mellitus who underwent transplant before January 2017. PTDM was defined according to the diagnostic criteria of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the World Health Organization (WHO). Data on demographic, clinical characteristics and laboratory parameters were collected. Kaplan-Mayer analysis was used to evaluate the cumulative incidence of PTDM. The association between risk factors and PTDM incidence was identified with stepwise Cox regression. Results: The cumulative incidence of PTDM during a 24-month follow-up was 30.1% (95% CI: 25.6-34.8). By univariate analysis, modifiable or non-modifiable risk factors for PTDM development included recipient age, body mass index (BMI), marital status, family history of diabetes, smoking, type of transplant, hepatitis C virus (HCV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), transplant rejection, TG, tacrolimus, cyclosporine and beta blocker. In this study, family history of diabetes, type of transplant, HCV, CMV, TG, tacrolimus, and beta blocker were predictors of development of PTDM in Cox proportional hazard models. Conclusion: The incidence of PTDM was high. Identification of risk factors determines appropriate strategies for PTDM incidence risk reduction.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors of Diabetes Mellitus in People over 40 Years Old in Rural Areas of Central Hunan Province

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lan Li ◽  
Yuan Liao ◽  
Hao Xiao ◽  
Tiantian Wang ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Hunan Province ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Prevalence Of Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Over 40 Years

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in rural areas of central Hunan province, and to analyze the risk factors related to diabetes mellitus (DM).MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted by using questionnaires (gender, age, occupation, degree of education, exercise habits, smoke status, alcohol consumption, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, family history of diabetes), anthropometric measurements (height, weight, waist circumference, blood pressure) and biochemical indexes test (fasting blood-glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, blood lipids). Villagers over 40 years old from a community in rural areas of central Hunan Province were investigated.ResultsA total of 410 clinical data were collected. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in 410 (177 in male and 233 in female) villagers was 13.41%, including 13 males with a prevalence rate of 7.34% and 42 females with a prevalence rate of 15.16%. The prevalence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) was 11.95%, 21 males (11.86% of males) and 28 females (10.11% of females). And the results of glycosylated hemoglobin test showed that 64% villagers with diabetes mellitus had hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c) above 6.5%. Univariate analysis suggested that gender, smoke status, alcohol consumption, family history of diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia and hypertension were involved in diabetes mellitus (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that family history of diabetes (OR: 1.759; 95% CI: 1.010-3.065), hypercholesterolemia (OR: 3.819; 95% CI: 1.27-11.486) and hypertension (OR: 2.074; 95% CI: 1.130-3.809) were independent risk factors for diabetes mellitus, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe prevalence of diabetes mellitus in rural areas of central Hunan Province is higher. Family history of diabetes, hypercholesterolemia and hypertension are major risk factors for diabetes mellitus. The knowledge of diabetes should be strengthened. Related interventions should be given based on the diabetes epidemic status of local.

scholarly journals The related risk factors of diabetic retinopathy in elderly patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cohort study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying-Chu Chiu ◽  
Tien-Lung Tsai ◽  
Meiyin Su ◽  
Tsan Yang ◽  
Peng-Lin Tseng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Betel Nut ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) caused by small vessel disease was the main cause of blindness in person with diabetes, and it mainly occurred in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Taiwan was one of the Asian countries with the highest prevalence rate of DR, there were only few studies for the risk of DR in patients with T2DM in Taiwan. According to some studies have shown DR was a major cause of blindness on elderly both in developed and other developing countries. The purpose was to investigate the related risk factors of DR in elderly patients with T2DM. Methods: During July 2010 to December 2017, 4010 T2DM patients without DR were preselected for this study, but 792 patients completed the continuously follow-up evaluation. Patients were invited to have an outpatient visit at least every three months, and they were asked to fill out a brief questionnaire and collect their blood samples. Additionally, statistical methods used independent sample T-test, Chi-square tests and logistic regression in univariate analysis to analyze the relationships between onset DR and each related factor; and finally the optimal multivariate logistic regression model would be determined by stepwise model selection. Results: Of the 792 effective samples, 611 patients (77.1%) progressed to DR and 181 patients (22.9%) did not get DR during the follow-up period. According to the results, the significant factors were women (OR, 2.20; 95%CI, 1.52-3.17), longer diabetic duration (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.03-1.08), family history of diabetes (OR, 1.55; 95% CI: 1.09-2.21), higher concentration glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (OR, 1.27; 95% CI: 1.12-1.44), higher mean low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) (OR, 1.01; 95% CI: 1.00-1.01), and chewing betel nut (OR, 2.85; 95% CI: 1.41-5.77). Conclusions: This prospective cohort study showed that gender, behavior of chewing betel nut, diabetic duration, family history of diabetes, HbA1c, and LDL-c, were important factors for the development of DR in elderly patients with T2DM. It suggested that those patients should well control their HbA1c and LDL-c and quit chewing betel nut to prevent from DR, especially for female patients with family history of diabetes and longer duration of diabetes.

scholarly journals GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (01) ◽  
pp. 015-019
Author(s):  
Afsheen Qazi ◽  
Amin Fahim ◽  
Aneela Qureshi3 ◽  
Mazhar ul Haque
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Family History ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
History Of

Objectives: The present study was designed to find the importance of properscreening and early diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus. Study Design: A prospective/descriptive study Place of Study: tertiary care hospital Hyderabad. Duration of Study: fromSeptember 2014 to November 2014. Materials and Methods: A total of 168 pregnant femalesbetween the ages of 20-40 years & in their 24th to 28th week of gestation were enrolled for thestudy. Oral Glucose Tolerance Test of all the participants was done after an overnight fasting of10-12 hours. All the participants were given 75gm of glucose per 100 ml of distilled water. Theblood samples were collected after two hours time for serum glucose levels. Results: Mostof the participants were below 26 years of age 47(27.9%) with the mean age of 30.2±5.83years. However the highest prevalence of GDM was observed in age group 31-35 years (36%).Among the 25 cases of gestational diabetes mellitus the highest number of patients with GDMwere multipara (40%) followed by parity of 3-4 gravida (32%). Twenty seven women (16%)women had family history of diabetes mellitus. Among these 12/27 (44.4%) women were foundwith GDM, compared to 15/141 (10.6%) who have no family history of diabetes mellitus. Total14 (8.33%) women were found obese, out of these 8 (57%) women had GDM while only 6(42.8%) women had no GDM. Conclusion: The prevalence of GDM in the present study isfound to be 14.8%. A prevalence of GDM was higher in the elderly multiparous females whowere overweight and had family history of diabetes mellitus.

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