A Review of Infrared Thermography for Delamination Detection on Infrastructures and Buildings

This paper provides a comprehensive review on the use of infrared thermography to detect delamination on infrastructures and buildings. Approximately 200 pieces of relevant literature were evaluated, and their findings were summarized. The factors affecting the accuracy and detectability of infrared thermography were consolidated and discussed. Necessary measures to effectively capture latent defects at the early stage of delamination before crack formation were investigated. The results of this study could be used as the benchmarks for setting standardized testing criteria as well as for comparison of results for future works on the use of infrared thermography for detection of delamination on infrastructures and buildings.

SARS-CoV-2 and endemic coronaviruses: Comparing symptom presentation and severity of symptomatic illness among Nicaraguan Children

It has been proposed that as SARS-CoV-2 transitions to endemicity, children will represent the greatest proportion of SARS-Co-V-2 infections as they currently do with endemic coronavirus infections. While SARS-CoV-2 infection severity is low for children, it is unclear if SARS-CoV-2 infections are distinct in symptom presentation, duration, and severity from endemic coronavirus infections in children. We compared symptom risk and duration of endemic coronavirus infections from 2011-2016 with SARS-CoV-2 infections from March 2020-September 2021 in a Nicaraguan pediatric cohort. Respiratory samples were collected from participants that met testing criteria and blood samples were collected annually. Respiratory samples were tested for each of the endemic coronaviruses from 2011-2016 and for SARS-CoV-2 from 2020-2021 via rt-PCR. 2021 blood samples were tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and a subset of 2011-2016 blood samples from four-years-old participants were tested for endemic coronavirus antibodies. By April 2021, 854 (49%) active participants were ELISA positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Most participants had antibodies against one alpha and one beta coronavirus by age four. We observed 595 symptomatic endemic coronavirus infections from 2011-2016 and 121 symptomatic with SARS-CoV-2 infections from March 2020-September 2021. Symptom presentation of SARS-CoV-2 infection and endemic coronavirus infections were very similar, and SARS-CoV-2 symptomatic infections were as or less severe on average than endemic coronavirus infections. This suggests that, for children, SARS-CoV-2 may be just another endemic coronavirus. However, questions about the impact of variants and the long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 remain.

Difference in The Influence of Practice Regulating Passes and Regulating The Game Against The Accuracy of Passing in Junior Football Players

This research aims to find out what exercises are more influential between the practice of regulating passes and the practice of regulating the game against the accuracy of passing in football games in The Extracurricular Students of Private Elementary School Al Wasliyah 30 Martubung Medan In 2021. Participants in this study as many as 20 students with an age range of 10-12 years. Research design is pre-test two group experimental design. This research instrument is a test of passing accuracy in a piece of football. Quantitative descriptive analysis of data, by comparing differences in pretest and postest results. The results of the study in the form of analysis of two research hypotheses. Analysis of the first hypothesis of pre-test data and post-test accuracy of passing ball pass exercise group according obtained thitung = 6.86. From the list of distributions t using the odds of 1-1/2? = 0.975 with degree of freedom (df) n-1 = 9 obtained tcount (0.975) = 2.26. In the hypothesis testing criteria it is stated that in tcount >ttable with ? = 0.05 then Ho accepted Ha rejected. Analysis of the second hypothesis of pre-test data and post-test accuracy of passing ball of the Set Passen exercise group obtained tcount = 5.43. From the list of distributions t using the odds of 1-1/2? = 0.975 with df n-1 = 9 obtained the price t (0.975) = 2.26. In the hypothesis testing criteria it is stated that in tcount >tcount with ? = 0.05 then Ho rejected Ha accepted. Then it can be concluded by using the form of practice of regulating passes and arranging the game can improve the accuracy of passing in football games in The Private Elementary School Football Extracurricular Student Al Wasliyah 30 Martubung Medan Year 2021. This research contributes to subsequent research by being able to use other variables as treatment in the accuracy of football passing. Keywords: Passing, Game, Passing, Accuracy

PENGARUH VARIASI LATIHAN PASSING BAWAH DENGAN MODEL HURUF TERHADAP HASIL PASSING BAWAH BOLA VOLI PUTRI KLUB TVRI MEDAN TAHUN 2021

This study aims to determine whether the variation of under passing with the letter model can improve the results of under-passing in the Medan TVRI club volleyball athletes in 2020, the exercise of the under-passing variation with the letter model is an exercise that can help improve the under-passing technique in the game.. test after the end of the workout in the last week. Hypothesis analysis, namely, the effect of the variation of the under-passing training with the letter model on the under-passing of volleyball athletes of the Medan TVri club female athletes in 2021, obtained a Thitung hypothesis test of 3,35 Furthermore, compared with the t table with dk = n-1 = 10-1 = 9 at the significant level α = 0.05 = 2.26. In the hypothesis testing criteria it is stated that at tcount> ttable (3,25> 2.26) with α = 0.05 then Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. So it can be concluded that there is a significant effect of under-wall passing practice on under-passing with variations of volleyball letters in women's volleyball athletes at the Medan TVRI club in 2021.

PENGARUH FAST INTERVAL TRAINING (FIT) TERHADAP HASIL KECEPATAN RENANG GAYA BEBAS 100 METER PADA ATLET K.U II LUMBA-LUMBA SWIMMING CLUB BINJAI TAHUN 2021

This research was carried out at the Swimming Club Binjai Dolphins at the Tirta Raerim Mencharm swimming pool in the Peacock Meadows, North Sumatra. held on November 10 to January 28, 2021 for 8 weeks with a frequency of 2 times a week.This study aims to determine the effect of fast interval training (FIT) on the results of the 100 meter freestyle swimming speed for the K.U II Dolphin Swimming Club Binjai. The research method used in this study is an experimental method with a sample of 8 people with a purposive sampling research design. Then the sample did an initial test (pre-test), namely with a 100-meter swimming test, then the sample was given Fast Interval Training (FIT) training then after 8 weeks of programmed exercise the sample did a final test (post-test).The results of the analysis of the hypothesis, that there is a significant effect of fast interval training (FIT) training on the results of the 100 meter freestyle swimming speed for the K.U II Dolphin Swimming Club Binjai athletes. 2021 year. The results of the t-test obtained tcount = 0.3096 and t-table = 0.258. At the real level = 0.05 then t-count > t-table. Based on the hypothesis testing criteria, HO is rejected and Ha is accepted. Thus it can be concluded that there is a significant effect of Fast Interval Training (FIT) on the results of the 100 meter freestyle swimming speed for the KU II Lumba-lumba Swimming Club Binjai athletes 2021.

Combination of Exercise Testing Criteria to Diagnose Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease

Objectives: Nothing is known about the interest of the combination of exercise tests to diagnose Lower-extremity Peripheral Artery Disease (LEPAD). The aim of this study was to assess if combining exercise testing criteria [post-exercise Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) + exercise-oximetry (exercise-TcPO2)] improves the detection of lower limbs arterial stenoses as compared with post-exercise ABI using American Heart Association (AHA) criteria, or exercise-TcPO2 alone.Material and Methods: In a prospective monocentric study, consecutive patients with exertional-limb pain and normal resting-ABI referred to our vascular center (Rennes, France) were assessed from May 2016 to February 2018. All included patients had a computed tomography angiography (CTA), a resting-ABI, a post-exercise ABI and an exercise-TcPO2. AHA post-exercise criteria, new validated post-exercise criteria (post-exercise ABI decrease ≥18.5%, post-exercise ABI decrease <0.90), and Delta from Rest of Oxygen Pressure (Total-DROP) ≤-15mmHg (criterion for exercise-TcPO2) were used to diagnose arterial stenoses ≥50%. For the different combinations of exercise testing criteria, sensitivity or specificity or accuracies were compared with McNemar's test.Results: Fifty-six patients (mean age 62 ± 11 years old and 84% men) were included. The sensitivity of the combination of exercise testing criteria (post-exercise ABI decrease ≥18.5%, or post-exercise ABI decrease <0.90 or a Total-DROP ≤-15mmHg) was significantly higher (sensitivity = 81% [95% CI, 71–92]) than using only one exercise test (post-exercise AHA criteria (sensitivity = 57% [43–70]) or exercise-TcPO2 alone (sensitivity = 59% [45–72]).Conclusions: Combination of post-exercise ABI with Exercise-TcPO2 criteria shows better sensitivity to diagnose arterial stenoses compared with the AHA post-exercise criteria alone or Exercise-TcPO2 criteria used alone. A trend of a better accuracy of this combined strategy was observed but an external validation should be performed to confirm this diagnostic strategy.

Vector autoregression process. Stationarity and simulation

For vector discrete-parameter random autoregressive processes and for a mixed autoregression/moving-average model, we obtain conditions which should be satisfied by the correlation functions or the model coefficients in order that the process be weakly stationary. Fairly simple tests are used. Algorithms for modeling such vector stationary processes are given. Examples are presented clarifying testing criteria for stationarity of models defned in terms of the coefficients or the correlation functions of the process.