The anal portion as a salt-excreting organ in a seawater mosquito larva,A�des togoi Theobald

1980 ◽  
Vol 138 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koshu Asakura
Keyword(s):  
Mosquito Larva

scholarly journals Strong mosquitocidal Bacillus thuringiensis from Mt. Everest

Our Nature ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-69
Author(s):  
Upendra Thapa Shrestha ◽  
Gyan Sunder Shahukhal ◽  
Kiran Babu Tiwari ◽  
Subarna Pokhrel ◽  
Anjana Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Standard Method ◽  
Insecticidal Activity ◽  
Mosquito Larva ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Insect Bioassay ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Base Camp ◽  
Microbiological Techniques

Bacillus thuringiensis strains were isolated from soil samples collected from Khumbu Base Camp of the Everest region and characterized by standard microbiological techniques viz. colonial and morphological characteristics, and biochemical tests. Insect bioassay of each isolate was performed by standard method using mosquito larva. Among ten randomly selected isolates, one isolate showed the highest insecticidal activity against Dipteron insects. Keywords: Insect-bioassay, Isolates, Khumbu region, Mosquitocidal, Mosquito larvadoi:10.3126/on.v5i1.800Our Nature (2007)5:67-69

scholarly journals B26 Mosquito larva occurrence in terrace and flat type rice field. The second report

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Y. Higa ◽  
M. Takagi ◽  
Y. Tsuda ◽  
N. Tuno ◽  
Charles S. Mwandawiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosquito Larva ◽  
Rice Field ◽  
Flat Type

scholarly journals ECO-EPIDEMIOLOGICAL TRANSMISSION OF MALARIA IN ENDEMIC AREA LEMUKUTAN ISLAND BENGKAYANG REGENCY

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-75
Author(s):  
Selviana ◽  
Resky Nanda Pranaka ◽  
Hanum Mukti Rahayu
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Mosquito Larva ◽  
P Value ◽  
Significant Determinant ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Endemic Malaria ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
High Incidence Area

Lemukutan island is on area of endemic malaria with the High Incidence Area status. Every year there was an increase of Annual Parasite Incidence (API). Lemukutan is isolated, where the environment and people's homes are surrounded by oceans, and their place is behind the plantation area. The purpose of this research is to get the information about ec0-epidemiology transmission of malaria in endemic area Lemukutan Island bengkayang regency. Cross sectional design is  used in this research methodology, which is held on April – June 2015. Sample is 170 respondents. The analysis is univariate and bivariate. The result showed that significant determinant of malaria occurrence are behavior (p value = 0,036, PR = 1,726), ventilation (p value = 0,046, PR = 1,927), the ceiling (p value = 0,033, PR = 1,808), well/fountain around (p value = 0,004, PR = 2,523), bushes  (p value = 0,008, PR = 2,221) dan cattle pen (p value = 0,04, PR = 1,746) with incidence in village of Lemukutan Island. There is no relationship between jobs and incidence in village of Lemukutan Island (p value = 0,537, PR = 1,746). Researcher give the suggestion to society so that they can taking heed at the nip density time, using the long arm clothes and anti mosquito lotion, apply biological control that is by conducting bacteria Mysocyclops, mosquito larva eater fish and put down the resting places not closed to house

scholarly journals The Function of the Anal Gills of the Mosquito Larva

1933 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. B. WIGGLESWORTH
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Mosquito Larva ◽  
Anterior Part ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Posterior Part ◽  
The Body ◽  
Glycerol Water ◽  
Hypertonic Solutions ◽  
Spontaneous Aggregation

The anal gills of the mosquito larva (Aedes argenteus) are the only region of the body that is freely permeable to water. In hypertonic solutions of sugar or glycerol, water is extracted from the gills and the larva shrinks. In pure water this is absorbed by the gills and later excreted by the Malpighian tubes. The absorption of water appears to be effected mainly by osmosis. Larvae can mature without the gills, but they seem to grow more slowly, and show almost no parenteral absorption of water. Normally the larva swallows very little fluid. The fluid in the gut is probably secreted in the posterior part of the mid-gut and reabsorbed in the anterior part and in the caeca. Some of the water excreted by the Malpighian tubes is reabsorbed in the rectum. As judged by the spontaneous aggregation of the flagellate Polytoma, oxygen is absorbed by submerged larvae all over the body surface, but most actively at the base of the gills. Carbon dioxide is given off equally all over the body surface. It is concluded that the anal gills are primarily water-absorbing organs, and are only incidentally concerned in respiration.

scholarly journals The Effect of Salts on the Anal Gills of the Mosquito Larva

1933 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. B. WIGGLESWORTH
Keyword(s):  
Mosquito Larva ◽  
Divalent Cations ◽  
Complete Separation ◽  
Elastic Membrane ◽  
Hypertonic Solutions ◽  
Elastic Filaments ◽  
Granular Cytoplasm ◽  
Visible Effect ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Elastic Fibrils

The so-called anal gills of the mosquito larvae (Aedes argenteus) are delicate chitinous papillae lined by flattened cells and filled with haemolymph. Externally the cells rest directly upon the chitinous cuticle. Internally they are bounded by a continuous elastic membrane, apparently composed of some "scleroprotein." The faintly granular cytoplasm is crossed vertically by elastic fibrils or membranes. If the gills are cut off in various salt solutions, which can then come in contact with the cells on both their surfaces, the cells swell or contract like other tissues, depending on whether the solutions are hypo- or hypertonic. But if the same solutions are applied to the intact larva, so that they come in contact with the outer surface while the inner surface of the cells is still in contact with the haemolymph, the effects are altogether different: Hypotonic solutions have no visible effect. Hypertonic solutions of salts like NaCl, KBr, etc., in which both ions are monovalent, cause enormous swelling of the cells. This is probably because these salts diffuse through the outer membrane (the cuticle) of the gills into the cells, which then absorb water from the haemolymph by osmosis. If the larva so treated is soon restored to fresh water, the action is reversible; but after a time the elastic filaments in the cells are dissolved and these can no longer contract again. These effects occur equally in the presence of salts with divalent cations. Hypertonic solutions of salts like CaCl2, Na2SO4, etc., in which one or both ions are divalent, extract water from the larva but do not cause swelling of the cells. These salts do not dissolve the elastic filaments. In the presence of hypotonic NaCl, etc. (which by itself has no visible effect), they cause temporary swelling followed by contraction. The cause of the difference between these two groups of salts is discussed. Dilute alkalis (N/50 NaOH) applied to the isolated gill or the intact larva dissolve the cells and cause extreme swelling, but do not dissolve the cuticle or the inner membrane. This action is accentuated by NaCl, etc., and by Na2SO4, etc., but is partially inhibited by CaCl2. Dilute acids (N/100 HCl) cause precipitation of the nuclei, slight swelling of the cells, and complete separation from the cuticle. In the presence of hypertonic Na2SO4 or CaCl2 the separation does not occur. All these effects are peculiar to the gills; no other part of the surface of the larvae is affected by these reagents.1

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