Inheritance of net photosynthesis, dark respiration, stomatal resistance and related characters in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) under low energy conditions

Euphytica ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siebren J. van de Dijk
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Stomatal Resistance ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Energy Conditions ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill

The effects of ultraviolet-B radiation and carbon dioxide on growth and photosynthesis of tomato

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuming Hao ◽  
Beverley A. Hale ◽  
Douglas P. Ormrod
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Radiation Level ◽  
Ultraviolet B Radiation ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill ◽  
Uv Absorbing Compounds

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) plants were exposed, in controlled environments with 2.7 kJ/(m2 ∙ day) background ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation from fluorescent and incandescent lamps, to ambient (380 μL ∙ L−1) or elevated (600 μL−1) CO2 combined with a total of 7.2 or 13.1 kJ/(m2 ∙ day) UV-B radiation to determine effects on growth and photosynthesis. Ten consecutive days of exposure to the higher level of UV-B significantly reduced total and stem dry weight, leaf area, and plant height compared with the lower level. Only leaf area and plant height were significantly reduced after 19 consecutive days of exposure. To investigate whether plants recover from UV-B damage, the UV-B exposures were halted for 3 days after 19 days of UV-B exposure and then restarted for a further 2 days. The largest reduction in plant growth was found after 3 days with no UV-B followed by 2 days of the higher level of UV-B. Plants did not recover from UV-B damage during the 3 days with background UV-B. Significant CO2xUV-B interactions were detected on stem dry weight after 10 consecutive days of the higher level of UV-B and on total dry weight, leaf dry weight, stem dry weight, and plant height after 3 days with no UV-B followed by 2 days of the higher level of UV-B. The higher dose of enhanced UV-B resulted in more severe damage at 600 μL ∙ L−1 CO2, than at ambient CO2. The higher level of UV-B did not affect the leaf net photosynthesis rate on a leaf area basis, although this UV-B level may have inhibited tomato growth through reducing the photosynthetic area. UV-absorbing compounds in leaves in the highest UV-B radiation level for 19 days were greater than for leaves with the lower dose. These UV-absorbing compounds in the higher UV-B dose diminished more than in the lower dose plants during the 3 days without UV-B. The UV-absorbing compounds maintained by plants exposed to the highest level of UV-B radiation may have protected plants from UV-B damage, particularly between 10 and 19 consecutive days of exposure. Key words: CO2, growth, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., photosynthesis, tomato, ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B), UV-absorbing compounds.

PLANT SPACING EFFECTS ON PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND TRANSPIRATION OF THE GREENHOUSE TOMATO

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1209-1218 ◽  
Author(s):  
ATHANASIOS P. PAPADOPOULOS ◽  
DOUGLAS P. ORMROD
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Greenhouse Tomato ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill ◽  
Leaf Weight

The effect of four equidistant spacings (23, 30, 38, 45 cm) applied to four-row plantings of greenhouse tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ’CR-6’) on plant net photosynthesis (P) and transpiration (E) was studied. Closer spacing decreased the leaf-area-based net photosynthesis (Pa) of the lower leaves but had little effect on the Pa of the upper leaves. The exposed parts of a tomato plant could adjust their Pa rates upwards to compensate for the low Pa of their shaded parts. The leaf-weight-based net photosynthesis (Pw) increased with the decrease of plant spacing and it was higher in inside compared to outside plants. The differences between the Pa and Pw results were mostly attributable to the effect of light in increasing the specific leaf weight (SLW). The E rate of plants increased at the closest spacing and there was a higher leaf weight based transpiration (Ew) in inside than outside plants. The leaf area based transpiration (Ea) and stomatal resistance (Rw) were not affected appreciably by light (photosynthetic photon flux density) other than at very low levels (i.e. less than 100 μmol m−2 s−1) where there was a sharp increase in Rw and a corresponding decrease in Ea. The P of plants growing in an environment of gradually declining duration and intensity of solar irradiance declined with the aging of plants. There was no similar effect on E.Key words: Lycopersicon esculentum Mill, plant spacing, photosynthesis, transpiration, tomato

scholarly journals A COMPARISON OF LEAF AND WHOLE PLANT NET PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN ALSTROEMERIA

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 576c-576
Author(s):  
E.D. Leonardos ◽  
M.J. Tsujita ◽  
B. Grodzinski ◽  
T.J. Blom
Keyword(s):  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Stomatal Resistance ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Plant Photosynthesis ◽  
Mutual Shading ◽  
Photosynthetic Responses ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Two Stages

Gas exchange (net photosynthesis Pn, dark respiration, transpiration, and stomatal resistance) of `Jaqueline' Alstroemeria, grown in pots in a greenhouse, were measured. Measurements were made under laboratory conditions using an open-flow infrared gas analysis system for leaf studies, and a semi-closed computer controlled whole plant photosynthesis system for whole plant studies. Apical fully expanded leaves on non-flowering and flowering (at two stages) shoots had similar photosynthetic responses in respect to photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and to CO2 concentration. Light saturation occurred at 600 umol/m2/s PAR with maximum leaf Pn rates ranging from 9 to 11 umol CO2/m2/s. CO2 saturation was estimated at approximately 1100 to 1200 ppm with maximum leaf Pn rates from 17 to 22 umol CO2/m2/s. Whole plant Pn rates increased with increased PAR. Maximum rates 4 to 5 umol CO2/m2/s (half that of individual leaves) occurred at approximately 1000 to 1100 umol/m2/s PAR. CO2 saturation was estimated at 1100 to 1200 ppm, with maximum whole plant Pn rates ranging from 7 to 8 umol CO2/m2/s. These data will be discussed in relation to respiration and mutual shading at the leaf canopy.

INFLUENCE DE L’ENRICHISSEMENT CARBONÉ ET DE SON MODE DE DISTRIBUTION SUR L’ÉVOLUTION DES ÉCHANGES GAZEUX DE LA TOMATE DE SERRE

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 345-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. DUGAL ◽  
S. YELLE ◽  
A. GOSSELIN
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Gas Exchanges ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill ◽  
Échanges Gazeux ◽  
Very High

Net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, internal CO2 concentration and transpiration were measured on the fifth well-developed and excised leaf of tomato seedlings (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ’Vedettos’) 48–83 d old. These measurements were taken in order to monitor the evolution of the gas exchanges of seedlings exposed to concentrations of 330 or 1000 ppm, continuously, to 1000 ppm from 06: 00 h to 10: 00 h or to 1000 and 330 ppm alternately every 2 h. CO2 enrichment substantially increased the net photosynthesis rate of the seedlings, particularly at the beginning of the experiment. The long-term effects of CO2 enrichment subsided after a few weeks of treatment. Intermittent CO2 enrichment is partially helpful in remedying the loss of effectiveness of the CO2 after a long period of enrichment. High CO2 concentrations reduced the opening of the stomata. Our work shows that maintaining a high internal CO2 content in the leaves would indirectly reduce the stomatal conductance of the seedlings. However, our results show that the long-term loss of photosynthetic efficiency in the enriched seedlings cannot be attributed solely to an increase in the resistance of the stomata, since the internal CO2 concentration of the leaves remains very high regardless of which method of CO2 enrichment is used. Continuous CO2 enrichment improved the water uptake efficiency of the seedlings.Key words: Carbon dioxide, intermittent enrichment, gas exchanges, tomato, greenhouse, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.

scholarly journals Differences between genotypes of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) in net photosynthesis, light absorption by leaves, chlorophyll content and specific leaf fresh weight under low-energy conditions.

1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 396-399
Author(s):  
M. Nieuwhof ◽  
S.J. van de Dijk
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Light Absorption ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Energy Conditions ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Tomato Genotypes ◽  
High Chlorophyll Content

Differences in net photosynthesis between tomato genotypes, grown under low light intensity and, from day 30, at 3 night temperatures, were largely due to differences in the capacity of the leaves to absorb light. Variation in chlorophyll content and leaf thickness largely explained the differences in light absorption. Genotypes with large thin leaves and a high chlorophyll content were thought to be best adapted to low-energy conditions. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON CARBON GAIN IN ALSTROEMERIA

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 649e-649
Author(s):  
E.D. Leonardos ◽  
M.J. Tsujita ◽  
B. Grodzinski ◽  
T.J. Blom
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Stomatal Resistance ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Leaf Transpiration ◽  
Whole Plant

Leaf and whole plant gas exchange (net photosynthesis Pn, dark respiration Dr, transpiration Tr, and resistance R) of `Jacqueline' Alstroemeria, grown in pots inside a greenhouse, were measured under lab conditions using an openflow and a semi-closed system respectively. Temperature responses of apical fully expanded leaves, on flowering and non-flowering shoots, showed an optimum range for net photosynthesis (Pn) from 15 to 20 °C. Above 25 °C Pn dropped considerably as temperature increased. Leaf transpiration rates over the same range of temperature showed a similar decrease, indicating that low leaf Pn rates at higher temperatures were due in part to increased stomatal resistance. Whole plant photosynthetic response to temperature was similar to that of leaf gas exchange. The optimum temperature range for whole plant Pn was from 12 to 17 °C. These results show that moderately low temperatures are essential for carbon assimilation and efficient water use in Alstroemeria. Temperature interactions with other environmental factors will also be presented in models describing Pn rates as a function of irradiance, CO2 concentration, and temperature.

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