Distribution of birch (Betula SPP.), willow (Salix SPP.), and poplar (Populus SPP.) secondary metabolites and their potential role as chemical defense against herbivores

1984 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Thomas Palo
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Chemical Defense ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Populus Spp ◽  
Salix Spp

In the search for new secondary metabolites with biopesticidal properties

2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 216-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos L. Céspedes ◽  
Julio E. Alarcon ◽  
Pedro Aqueveque ◽  
David S. Seigler ◽  
Isao Kubo
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Chemical Defense ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Sesquiterpene Lactones ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
Insect Growth Regulator ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Plant Chemical Defense ◽  
Insect Growth

Secondary metabolites are involved in diverse functions in plants, including defense and protective processes. Information concerning the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in plants points at a constitutive or induced chemical defense, generated for protection against a variety of phytopathogenic attacks. Our phytochemical studies are aimed at finding biopesticides of botanical origin. Some plant taxa of American distribution are toxic to selected insects, fungi and bacterial strains, and their effect has been associated with the presence of phenolics, phenylpropanoids and terpenes. We have isolated some diterpenes, triterpenes, sesquiterpene lactones, flavonoids, and phenylpropanoids from members of the plant families Araucariaceae, Asteraceae, Calceolariaceae, Celastraceae, and Rhamnaceae. In addition, we have identified a number of chemical derivatives of these compound classes from the plants. A major finding indicates that compounds or their derivatives that possess antioxidant, antifungal, insect growth regulator or insecticidal activity and enzymatic inhibitors are natural compounds. Insecticidal activities were assayed against strains of lepidopteran, dipteran, and coleopteran insect pests that affect many crops. Antifungal and antibacterial activities were assayed against phytopathogenic species of filamentous fungi and bacterial strains that are pests on many crops. Our results indicate that the plant-derived compounds obtained from the abovementioned plants have excellent insect growth regulatory activity and a good potency as antifungal agents. However, little is known about the effects of these natural compounds and their derivatives on insect pests. The natural compounds that we have isolated represent a valuable resource for future studies of plant chemical defense and the role of these substances in chemical ecology.

Auswirkungen von Weiden (Salix spp.) und Pappeln (Populus spp.) im Kurzumtrieb auf die biologische Vielfalt am Beispiel von Laufkäfern (Carabidae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Nerlich ◽  
Frieder Seidl ◽  
Klaus Mastel ◽  
Simone Graeff-Hönninger ◽  
Wilhelm Claupein
Keyword(s):  
Biologische Vielfalt ◽  
Populus Spp ◽  
Salix Spp

scholarly journals Bitki Sekonder Maddelerinin Herbivor Böceklere Etkileri

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Oğuzhan Yanar ◽  
Elif Fatma Topkara
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Chemical Defense ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Secondary Compounds ◽  
The Other ◽  
Herbivorous Insects ◽  
Interspecies Competition ◽  
Secondary Chemistry ◽  
Defense Strategies ◽  
And Behavior

Plants have developed mechanical and chemical defense strategies that are effective against herbivores. Plants contain chemicals that are known as secondary metabolites (allelochemical) and these chemicals do not directly involve in organisms’ reproduction and growth, on the other hand, they affect survival, growth and behavior of species. These compounds usually take ecological tasks and plants use these compounds against diseases, parasites, and predators for interspecies competition. It is known through the observations on feeding of herbivorous insects that these compounds act as deterrent chemicals or they are toxic against them. Feeding is one of the most fundamental and the most important behaviors for herbivorous insects. Even though host plant preference of herbivores is partially depend on nutrients, this behavior greatly depends on secondary chemistry of plants. Effects of secondary compounds on herbivorous insects can be positive or negative.

The potential role of secondary metabolites in modulating the flavor and taste of the meat

2019 ◽  
Vol 122 ◽  
pp. 174-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaikundamoorthy Ramalingam ◽  
Zhen Song ◽  
Inho Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Potential Role

Secondary Metabolites from Nonhost Plants Affect the Motility and Viability of Phytopathogenic Aphanomyces cochlioides Zoospores

2008 ◽  
Vol 63 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 233-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tofazzal Islam
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Repellent Activity ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Aphanomyces Cochlioides ◽  
Dalbergia Odorifera ◽  
Acetone Extracts ◽  
Chinese Medicinal Plant

The motile zoospores of the damping-off pathogen Aphanomyces cochlioides aggregate on host plants (e. g., sugar beet, spinach) guided by the host-specific plant signal cochliophilin A before infection. To assess the potential role of secondary metabolites in nonhost resistance, acetone extracts of 200 nonhost traditional medicinal plants from Chinese and Bangladeshi origins were tested for the motility behaviour of A. cochlioides zoospores using a particle bioassay method. Nearly one third of the tested plant extracts exhibited diverse deleterious activities such as repellent, stimulant, motility halting and lysis against A. cochlioides zoospores. Among these active plants, an extract of the Chinese medicinal plant Dalbergia odorifera displayed potent repellent activity toward zoospores. Chromatographic separation of D. odorifera constituents revealed that the repellent activity was regulated by the cumulative effect of three motility-affecting isoflavonoids, viz. (±)-medicarpin (repellent at 150 μg/ml), (-)-claussequinone (stimulant at 100 μg/ml) and formononetin (stimulant and attractant at 50 μg/ml). A mixture (1:1:1, w/w/w) of these three compounds exhibited only repellent activity toward zoospores at a concentration lower than 50 μg/ml. These results suggest that nonhost plants might possess potential bioactive secondary metabolites to ward off zoosporic phytopathogens

scholarly journals Aptitud forestal de las tierras no agrícolas del norte de la provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina)

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 018
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Lupi ◽  
Marcos Angelini ◽  
Gabriela Civeira ◽  
Julieta Irigoin
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation System ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Land Evaluation ◽  
Populus Spp ◽  
Salix Spp

El objetivo de este trabajo fue clasificar, cuantificar y cartografiar la aptitud forestal de las tierras no agrícolas del N-NE de la provincia de Buenos Aires. Para ello se aplicó el software Automated Land Evaluation System (ALES) propuesto por la FAO. Las especies consideradas fueron: E. camaldulensis, E. dunnii; E. saligna, E. tereticornis, E. viminalis y los géneros Salix spp. y Populus spp. Se utilizaron las Cartas de Suelos de la provincia de Buenos Aires escala 1:50.000 del INTA. Como criterios diagnósticos se utilizaron la profundidad de fluctuación de la napa freática, el pH, la textura del horizonte superficial y el drenaje, entre otros. El balance de superficies indica que existen 92.089 ha de tierras aptas para implantar E. camaldulensis de las cuales el 13% se consideran sin limitantes. Para E. tereticornis existen 91.841 ha aptas, donde el 13% son muy aptas. La superficie de tierras aptas para E. saligna y E. viminalis alcanzó las 40.718 ha de las cuales el 30% son muy aptas. Estas dos especies presentan restricciones climáticas en el área evaluada debido a la susceptibilidad al frío en el período de implantación. Para E. dunnii, con 40.718 ha, no se identificaron tierras muy aptas. En cuanto al género Populus, el potencial de tierras disponibles es de 42.000 ha, siendo el 29% muy aptas. Para el género Salix la superficie fue de 47.243 ha. Estos resultados muestran que existe una importante superficie de tierras potencialmente aptas para el desarrollo de una cuenca forestal en la región sin competencia con la agricultura.

scholarly journals INTERNAL CAUSE ANALYSIS OF DAMAGE OF WOODEN COMPONENTS IN DANXIA TEMPLE ANCIENT ARCHITECTURES: TREE SPECIES

Wood Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-308
Author(s):  
Yan Yang ◽  
He Sun ◽  
Shuang Yang ◽  
Aifeng Wang ◽  
Rui Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Bright Field ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Cause Analysis ◽  
Fluorescence Light ◽  
Quercus Spp ◽  
Populus Spp ◽  
Salix Spp

In the study, part of degraded wooden components of Danxia Temple ancient architectures in China were indentified through the bright field microscope, and chemical compositions in cell walls were observed using polarized and fluorescence lights, respectively. The results showed that samples were belonged to Quercus spp., Ulmus spp., Salix spp., and Populus spp., respectively. Cellulose composition in Quercus spp. was seriously consumed by brown decay fungi, cellulose and lignin compositions in Ulmus spp. were consumed by white decay fungi under polarized and fluorescence light observations. All of these four kind of tree species themselves were easily vulnerable to be attacked by insects.

scholarly journals Diterpenes From the Marine Brown Algae of the Genus Dilophus

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2090778
Author(s):  
Xue Xia ◽  
Bo Li ◽  
Yuqin Hou ◽  
Jinrong Zhang ◽  
Xiaojun Yan
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Chemical Defense ◽  
Brown Algae ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Feeding Deterrent ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Marine Brown Algae ◽  
Made In

Brown algae of the genus Dilophus contain plenty of biologically active secondary metabolites with diverse structures. Excellent progress has been made in the discovery of diterpenes with extensive chemical defense activity from this genus. Most of these diterpenes exhibit significant biological activities, such as antifungal, cytotoxic, and feeding-deterrent activities. In the present review, we summarized diterpenes isolated from the brown algae of the genus Dilophus.

scholarly journals Effects of Polyphenols on Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Interconnected Pathways during Spinal Cord Injury

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Sajad Fakhri ◽  
Fatemeh Abbaszadeh ◽  
Seyed Zachariah Moradi ◽  
Hui Cao ◽  
Haroon Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

Despite the progression in targeting the complex pathophysiological mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) and spinal cord injury (SCI), there is a lack of effective treatments. Moreover, conventional therapies suffer from associated side effects and low efficacy, raising the need for finding potential alternative therapies. In this regard, a comprehensive review was done regarding revealing the main neurological dysregulated pathways and providing alternative therapeutic agents following SCI. From the mechanistic point, oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways are major upstream orchestras of cross-linked dysregulated pathways (e.g., apoptosis, autophagy, and extrinsic mechanisms) following SCI. It urges the need for developing multitarget therapies against SCI complications. Polyphenols, as plant-derived secondary metabolites, have the potential of being introduced as alternative therapeutic agents to pave the way for treating SCI. Such secondary metabolites presented modulatory effects on neuronal oxidative stress, neuroinflammatory, and extrinsic axonal dysregulated pathways in the onset and progression of SCI. In the present review, the potential role of phenolic compounds as critical phytochemicals has also been revealed in regulating upstream dysregulated oxidative stress/inflammatory signaling mediators and extrinsic mechanisms of axonal regeneration after SCI in preclinical and clinical studies. Additionally, the coadministration of polyphenols and stem cells has shown a promising strategy for improving post-SCI complications.

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