Periodicity in the structure of the electron envelopes and nuclei of atoms Communication 2. Classification of the atomic nuclei of the elements on the basis of the packing effect and the layered structure of the atomic nucleus

1953 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
A. F. Kapustinsky
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Nucleus ◽  
Layered Structure ◽  
Atomic Nuclei ◽  
Packing Effect

scholarly journals Nuclear Fusion Pattern Recognition by Ensemble Learning

Complexity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
G. Farias ◽  
E. Fabregas ◽  
I. Martínez ◽  
J. Vega ◽  
S. Dormido-Canto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Fusion ◽  
Ensemble Methods ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
Adaboost Algorithm ◽  
Fusion Device ◽  
Atomic Nuclei ◽  
Online Classification ◽  
Internal Information ◽  
Interpretable Models

Nuclear fusion is the process by which two or more atomic nuclei join together to form a single heavier nucleus. This is usually accompanied by the release of large quantities of energy. This energy could be cheaper, cleaner, and safer than other technology currently in use. Experiments in nuclear fusion generate a large number of signals that are stored in huge databases. It is impossible to do a complete analysis of this data manually, and it is essential to automate this process. That is why machine learning models have been used to this end in previous years. In the literature, several popular algorithms can be found to carry out the automatic classification of signals. Among these, ensemble methods provide a good balance between success rate and internal information about models. Specifically, AdaBoost algorithm will allow obtaining an explicit set of rules that explains the class for each input data, adding interpretability to the models. In this paper, an innovative approach to perform an online classification, that is, to identify the discharge before it actually ends, using interpretable models is presented. In order to evaluate and reveal the benefits of rule-based models, an illustrative example has been implemented to perform an online classification of five different signals of the TJ-II stellarator fusion device located in Madrid, Spain.

scholarly journals Table of chemical elements constructed according to the charges of atomic nuclei

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Atomic Nuclei ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Entire Universe

This article presents views on the classification of all known chemical elements, those fundamental components that make up the Earth and the entire Universe.

scholarly journals Dose Analysis of Gadolinium Neutron Capture Therapy (GdNCT) on Cancer Using SHIELD-HIT12A

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bagus Novrianto Fasni ◽  
Yohannes Sardjono ◽  
Boni Pahlanop Lapanporo
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Nucleus ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Neutron Capture ◽  
Recoil Energy ◽  
Cancer Tissue ◽  
Neutron Capture Therapy ◽  
Output Data ◽  
Dose Determination ◽  
Atomic Nuclei

This research aimed to determine the dose of radiation received in cancer therapy for each decay of Gadolinium atomic nuclei with isotope 157 (157Gd) in Gadolinium Neutron Capture Therapy using the SHIELD-HIT12A program. Knowing the amount of dose given to cancer tissue should aid in minimizing the damage that could occur in the healthy tissue around the cancer tissue, effectively killing only the cancer cells. The simulation employed in this research used the SHIELD-HIT12A program by providing input on beam.dat, mat.dat, detect.dat, and geo.dat files. The output data from the program comprised the value of recoil energy lost (energy absorbed into the target materials) for each of the 157Gd atomic nuclei, which was then processed by the dose determination equation to determine the dose given by the 157Gd nucleus to soft tissue. Based on the results, the amount of the dose given by each atomic nucleus 157Gd to soft tissue was 5.44 × 1011 Gy/decay.

scholarly journals Structure of Atomic Nuclei and Periodical Law of Mendeleev

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kholmanskiy Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Nucleus ◽  
Magnetic Moments ◽  
Semiempirical Calculation ◽  
Outer Shell ◽  
Order Number ◽  
Atomic Nuclei ◽  
Periodic Law ◽  
Electron Shells ◽  
Definite Correlation

In the work, the nuclei structure was modeled by a system of shells consisting of combinations of spherical and annular vortices. Having connected the spin and the magnetic moments of the nuclei with the dynamics of the outer shell of the nucleus, we determined its type and carried out a semiempirical calculation of the parameters of its structure for stable and unstable nuclear isotopes in the sequence of the order number Z from 1 to 37. Comparison of the obtained nuclear sizes with the radii of the electron shells of atoms made it possible to reveal a definite correlation. On the basis of it, it was concluded that the periodic law of Mendeleyev can determine the patterns in the change in the structure of the atomic nucleus.

scholarly journals The scattering of cathode rays

1926 ◽  
Vol 113 (763) ◽  
pp. 87-106 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Nucleus ◽  
Fast Electron ◽  
Nuclear Charge ◽  
Single Scattering ◽  
Γ Radiation ◽  
Atomic Nuclei ◽  
Radioactive Substances ◽  
Small Intensity ◽  
Simple Character ◽  
Experimental Difficulty

Scattering experiments with a view to investigating the dynamical laws governing the encounter of a fast electron with an atomic nucleus have hitherto been made with the β-rays from radioactive substances. These measurements have had to be made under circumstances of peculiar experimental difficulty, owing to the small intensity available in a beam of approximately homogeneous β-rays, to the strong γ radiation which is emitted by the usual β-ray source, radium B + C, and to other reasons connected with the ionisation method of measuring the intensity of the rays. The aim of such experiments has been to secure measurements of “single” scattering, in which the observed deflections of the rays can be ascribed to single encounters with atomic nuclei. In this case, the dependence of the scattering upon the energy of the rays and the nuclear charge of the atom encountered should be of nearly the same simple character as has been found for the α-rays. The experiments have, however, not been entirely successful in this respect.

scholarly journals Criticism of Inaccuracies and Ordering of the Periodic Table of Elements

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Atomic Nucleus ◽  
Periodic Table ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Atomic Mass ◽  
Alpha Particles ◽  
Atomic Masses ◽  
Atomic Nuclei ◽  
The Difference

The atomic nucleus model was developed to clarify the revised table of elements. Between lutetium and hafnium, the difference in atomic masses does not reach four units, while new elements with atomic numbers 72-75 are located there. How can nucleons be packed in a nucleus so that it is droplet and shell and with the required number of neutrons? Such a nucleus is obtained if alpha particles are placed in the surface layer, and only neutrons are inside the nucleus. In this case, for new chemical elements with numbers 72-75 inside the nucleus, the neutron can be replaced by a proton, and therefore the atomic mass of the elements between lutetium and hafnium will change insignificantly. The model was obtained by considering the structures of atomic nuclei from heavy to light.

Note on the spectral classification of carbon stars in the photographic infrared region

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 21-23
Author(s):  
Y. Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Region ◽  
Spectral Classification ◽  
Carbon Stars

We have investigated the spectrograms (dispersion: 8Å/mm) in the photographic infrared region fromλ7500 toλ9000 of some carbon stars obtained by the coudé spectrograph of the 74-inch reflector attached to the Okayama Astrophysical Observatory. The names of the stars investigated are listed in Table 1.

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