scholarly journals Table of chemical elements constructed according to the charges of atomic nuclei

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Atomic Nuclei ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Entire Universe

This article presents views on the classification of all known chemical elements, those fundamental components that make up the Earth and the entire Universe.

scholarly journals The Critical Raw Materials Issue between Scarcity, Supply Risk, and Unique Properties

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 1826
Author(s):  
Mihaela Girtan ◽  
Antje Wittenberg ◽  
Maria Luisa Grilli ◽  
Daniel P. S. de Oliveira ◽  
Chiara Giosuè ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
The Other ◽  
Innovation Networks ◽  
Supply Risk ◽  
European Cooperation ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Critical Raw Materials

This editorial reports on a thorough analysis of the abundance and scarcity distribution of chemical elements and the minerals they form in the Earth, Sun, and Universe in connection with their number of neutrons and binding energy per nucleon. On one hand, understanding the elements’ formation and their specific properties related to their electronic and nucleonic structure may lead to understanding whether future solutions to replace certain elements or materials for specific technical applications are realistic. On the other hand, finding solutions to the critical availability of some of these elements is an urgent need. Even the analysis of the availability of scarce minerals from European Union sources leads to the suggestion that a wide-ranging approach is essential. These two fundamental assumptions represent also the logical approach that led the European Commission to ask for a multi-disciplinary effort from the scientific community to tackle the challenge of Critical Raw Materials. This editorial is also the story of one of the first fulcrum around which a wide network of material scientists gathered thanks to the support of the funding organization for research and innovation networks, COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology).

Growth Kinetics and Mechanical Characterization of a Hard Boron Coating on a Tool Steel

2017 ◽  
Vol 380 ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sánchez Huerta ◽  
N. López Perrusquia ◽  
I. Hilerio Cruz ◽  
M.A. Doñu Ruiz ◽  
E.D. García Bustos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Mechanical Characterization ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Thermochemical Treatment ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Optimal Classification

The mechanical characteristics are determined to a FeB/Fe2B coating applied in AISI L6 steel tool and blades make to cut paper. The thermochemical treatment was applied at temperatures of 1173, 1223 and 1273 K with permanence time of 0.5, 2 and 3 h for each temperature. The diffusion coefficient and activation energy for each phase is obtained for this boron coating on an AISI L6 steel. HRC test were made to establish the type of adherence (qualitative) and comparing with the VDI 3198 standard and the results were obtaining optimal classification of HF1-HF2 in condition for 3h of the three temperatures. The result by nanoidentation show hardness of 1000 - 2000 HV as well as the Young's modulus for each present phase of the coating. Through micrographs (SEM) are showing thicknesses up to 79.52 ± 18.82 μm for FeB and 97.80 ± 20.01μm for Fe2B, a morphology sawn ́s type is evidence. Through EDS and x-ray diffraction are used to show the chemical elements formed.

Study on Microscopic Characteristics and Physical and Mechanical Parameters of Carbonaceous Rocks

2020 ◽  
Vol 980 ◽  
pp. 368-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Hui Luo ◽  
De Cai Mi ◽  
Qiong Yao Ye ◽  
Guan Hua Sun ◽  
De Qiang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbonaceous Shale ◽  
Mechanical Parameters ◽  
Microstructure Characteristics ◽  
Scan Test ◽  
Carbonaceous Rock ◽  
Mineral Components ◽  
Carbonaceous Rocks

In order to study the distribution of carbonaceous rocks in Guangxi, and reveal the microstructure of carbonaceous rocks, and explore the laws of physical and mechanical properties of carbonaceous rocks, and study the characteristics of carbonaceous rocks, the Regional division of the typical carbonaceous rocks in Guangxi was carried out. Subsequently, an electron microscopy scan test was conducted to analyze the microstructure characteristics of carbonaceous mudstone, shale and limestone. At the same time, the mineral composition of the carbonaceous rock, the chemical composition test was analyzed, and the physical and mechanical parameters test was conducted. Finally, the microscopic classification of carbonaceous rocks was linked to the physical and mechanical parameters. The results show that: (1) Guangxi carbonaceous rocks can be divided into three typical areas: Hechi District, Baise District and Liuzhou District. (2) The microstructure of carbonaceous limestone in Guangxi was mostly scaly, the mineral crystals of carbonaceous mudstone microstructure were mainly petal-like, and the clay minerals of carbonaceous shale microstructure was striped. (3) The microscopic chemical elements of Guangxi carbonaceous rocks were mainly carbon, silicon, and mineral components were mainly illite, and the illite content was linear with density.

Science and creativity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavia Bruno
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Scientific Conference ◽  
Scientific Terminology ◽  
Educational Standard ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Earth Structures ◽  
Lithospheric Plates ◽  
Living Organisms

<p>I teach Natural Sciences in a Liceo Artistico, a type of secondary school in Italy. It is designed to give students the skills to progress to any university, but specifically devoted to art related topics.<br>During my career I have been following the national educational standard of the Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca of my Country.<br>During the years students are involved in meaningful hands-on activities   such as the study of the rocks in the country, preparation of easy chemical reactions and observations through a microscope of vegetal and animal organisms. These last ones are very interesting in a Liceo Artistico where many topics focus on the study of the morphology.<br>The theory confirms what the students learn during the practical activities, furthermore it is important to acquire a correct scientific terminology as well as to be able to express scientific issues.<br>I teach during the year the following main topics:<br>Science of Earth: the Solar System, the two motions of the Earth, structures of the Earth surface (rivers, lakes, glaciers, oceans and seas), the Earth’s Spheres, the movement of lithospheric plates.<br>Biology: the characteristics and functions of living organisms especially the cells and the biodiversity. The Evolution, Mendel’s genetic laws, organism-environment relationship in order to valorize and to maintain the biodiversity. Chemistry: state of matter, classification of matter, the Mendeleev’s Periodic Table, the main chemical reactions, atomics models, chemical bonds, chemical nomenclature.<br>The extra-curricular course proposal of my school (POFT-Piano dell’Offerta Formativa Triennale) includes my project whose title is “Science and creativity”. The achievement is to create a link between scientific subjects and the art ones in order to approach knowledge which appear distant but have really many points to share.<br>Every year some classrooms study different topics such as the Nanoparticles, Biomimetic and this year the Adaptations of the animals.<br>After a scientific conference, plastic models and graphic drawings will be realised by the students, who starting from the scientific reality, can express their creativity.<br>During the years I organize some educational visits for example to the Botanic Garden as well as to the countryside; in this way the students have opportunities to create an e-book with texts and photographs.<br>For instance two years ago my classroom created an e-book with botanical cards and the following year another one with the title “Rocce a Milano” where students took pictures and texts about this topic.<br>Many classrooms and teachers are involved in this project for example Plastic and Drawing teachers, as well as Multimedia teachers. I manage to gather the interested teachers and to realize the projects.<br>With our productions we participate in competitions and we are sometimes selected.</p>

Classification of consequences for collisions of natural cosmic bodies with the Earth

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 499-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. Gritsevich ◽  
V. P. Stulov ◽  
L. I. Turchak
Keyword(s):  
The Earth

scholarly journals Distribution of the chemical elements in the earth with some implications.

1982 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 179-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin-gun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Elements ◽  
The Earth
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