Functional-statistical analysis of action potentials in the multineuronal activity of the brain of awake cats

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 397-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Kh. Merzhanova ◽  
I. Porada
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Multineuronal Activity ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Awake Cats

In vivo exploration of brain phosphorus 31 metabolism in patients with senile dementia of Alzheimer type

1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-109
Author(s):  
G Mecheri ◽  
Y Bissuel ◽  
J Dalery ◽  
JL Terra ◽  
G Balvay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Senile Dementia ◽  
Phospholipid Metabolism ◽  
Alzheimer Type ◽  
Dementia Of Alzheimer Type ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Brain

SummaryIn vivo NMR 31p spectroscopy is a non invasive, non ionizing method of exploration of energy and phospholipid metabolism in the brain. This study consisted of comparing 31p spectra in five patients with Senile Dementia of Alzheimer Type (SDAT) with those of four controls of similar ages. Abnormal phosphonionocsters (PME) concentrations, either high or low, were found in the patients, but statistical analysis did not elicit any significant difference relative to controls.

Ephaptic Coupling in Hybrid Neuronal Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Moreno Cunha ◽  
Gilberto Corso ◽  
José Garcia Vivas Miranda ◽  
Gustavo Zampier Dos Santos Lima
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Population Vector ◽  
Input Stimulus ◽  
Circular Statistic ◽  
Coupling Behavior ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Ephaptic Coupling ◽  
Phase Differences

Abstract In recent decades, there has been growing interest in the impact of electric fields generated in the brain. Transmembrane ionic currents originate electric fields in the extracellular space and are capable of affecting nearby neurons, a phenomenon called ephaptic neuronal communication. In the present work, the Quadratic Integrate-and-Trigger model (QIF-E) underwent an adjustment/improvement to include the ephaptic coupling behavior between neurons and their results are compared to the empirical results. In this way, the analysis tools are employed according to the neuronal activity regime: (i) for the subthreshold regime, the circular statistic is used to describe the phase differences between the input stimulus signal and the modeled membrane response; (ii) in the suprathreshold regime, the Population Vector and the Spike Field Coherence are employed to estimate phase preferences and the coupling intensity between the input stimulus and the Action Potentials. The results observed are i) in the subthreshold regime the values of the phase differences change with distinct frequencies of an input stimulus; ii) in the supra-threshold regime the preferential phase of Action Potentials changes for different frequencies. In addition, we explore other parameters of the model, such as noise and membrane characteristic-time, in order to understand different types of neurons and extracellular environment related to ephaptic communication. Such results are consistent with results observed in empirical experiments based on ephaptic coupling behavior. In addition, the QIF-E model allows further studies on the physiological importance of ephaptic coupling in the brain, and its simplicity can open a door to simulating ephaptic coupling in neuron networks and evaluating the impact of ephaptic communication in such scenarios.

scholarly journals Cerebellar Atrophy in Epileptic Patients

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.I. Botez ◽  
Ezzedine Attig ◽  
Jean Lorrain Vézina
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Posterior Fossa ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Cerebellar Atrophy ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Generalized Seizures ◽  
Epileptic Patients ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACT:High-resolution CT scans of the brain and posterior fossa were performed on 106 phenytoin (PHT)- treated epileptics, 28 de novo epileptics and 43 control subjects. A higher incidence of cerebellar and brainstem (CBS) atrophy was observed in chronic PHT- or PHT+ phenobarbital-treated epileptics compared to the two other groups. Some control subjects and de novo epileptics presented mild CBS atrophy, whereas moderate to severe atrophy was noted exclusively in chronically-treated patients. In attempting to delineate the etiology of CBS atrophy, epileptic patients were divided in three groups: 55 subjects with normal CT scans, 30 with both cerebral and CBS atrophy, and 49 with pure CBS atrophy. Their ages, length of illness, number of generalized seizures, number of other seizures, and amount of PHT received during their lifetime were assessed. Statistical analysis revealed that posterior fossa atrophy in epileptics was significantly correlated with both the length of the illness and the amount of PHT ingested during the patient's lifetime. The number of seizures appears to not be related to CBS atrophy.

scholarly journals Apical length governs computational diversity of L5 pyramidal neurons

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro R. Galloni ◽  
Aeron Laffere ◽  
Ede Rancz
Keyword(s):  
Action Potentials ◽  
Pyramidal Neurons ◽  
Apical Dendrite ◽  
Common Assumption ◽  
Dendritic Excitability ◽  
Visual Cortices ◽  
The Common ◽  
Channel Dependent ◽  
Apical Dendrites ◽  
The Brain

AbstractAnatomical similarity across the neocortex has led to the common assumption that the circuitry is modular and performs stereotyped computations. Layer 5 pyramidal neurons (L5PNs) in particular are thought to be central to cortical computation because of their extensive arborisation and nonlinear dendritic operations. Here, we demonstrate that computations associated with dendritic Ca2+ plateaus in L5PNs vary substantially between the primary and secondary visual cortices. L5PNs in the secondary visual cortex show reduced dendritic excitability and smaller propensity for burst firing. This reduced excitability is correlated with shorter apical dendrites. Using numerical modelling, we uncover a universal principle underlying the influence of apical length on dendritic backpropagation and excitability, based on a Na+ channel-dependent broadening of backpropagating action potentials. In summary, we provide new insights into the modulation of dendritic excitability by apical dendrite length and show that the operational repertoire of L5 neurons is not universal throughout the brain.

Forward Dendritic Spikes

2011 ◽  
pp. 42-59
Author(s):  
Oscar Herreras ◽  
Julia Makarova ◽  
José Manuel Ibarz
Keyword(s):  
Action Potentials ◽  
Remarkable Property ◽  
Synaptic Inputs ◽  
Brain Circuits ◽  
Voltage Dependent ◽  
Dendritic Spikes ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Made In

Neurons send trains of action potentials to communicate each other. Different messages are issued according to varying inputs, but they can also mix them up in a multiplexed language transmitted through a single cable, the axon. This remarkable property arises from the capability of dendritic domains to work semi autonomously and even decide output. We review the underlying mechanisms and theoretical implications of the role of voltage-dependent dendritic currents on the forward transmission of synaptic inputs, with special emphasis in the initiation, integration and forward conduction of dendritic spikes. When these spikes reach the axon, output decision was made in one of many parallel dendritic substations. When failed, they still serve as an internal language to transfer information between dendritic domains. This notion brakes with the classic view of neurons as the elementary units of the brain and attributes them computational/storage capabilities earlier billed to complex brain circuits.

Audit of histomorphology and immunohistochemistry of the brain tumors: Revisited in context to the WHO 2016 molecular classification

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Tanushri Mukherjee ◽  
Rajat Dutta ◽  
Joydeep Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Molecular Classification ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Treatment Change ◽  
Tumor Patients ◽  
The Brain

<p><span class="Bold">Background:</span><span> The WHO 2016 molecular classification corroborating with the histology has given more significant diagnostic objectivity to the diagnosis of brain tumors and it is more reliable for instituting therapy as the heterogeneity and observer subjectivity are bypassed with the addition of isocitrate dehydrogenase, ATRX, and 1p19q, and other molecular markers. </span><span class="Bold">Aim:</span><span> Our aim is to review the histopathology of diagnosed brain tumors and correlate with immunohistochemical (IHC) findings to note for any disparity to reform the diagnosis in order to benefit the patient and report to the clinician if any treatment change is to be considered. </span><span class="Bold">Materials and Methods:</span><span> This article is based on studies of screening and diagnostic test. A total of 150 brain tumors were retrospectively analyzed. Age, gender, and the tumor histological type and grade were systematically recorded. We compared our histopathological diagnosis before the introduction of the WHO 2016 molecular classification of central nervous system tumors and later after the relevant IHC and fluorescence </span><span class="Italic">in situ</span><span> hybridization studies. </span><span class="Bold">Statistical Analysis:</span><span> The statistical analysis was done by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version recent for Windows. </span><span class="Bold">Results:</span><span> Out of the total 150 brain tumor patients, 65 were males and 45 were females. About 37 were glial and the rest were in other categories. </span><span class="Bold">Conclusions:</span><span> </span><span lang="en-US">The molecular diagnosis that substantiated with the histomorphology is more objective and beneficial in the treatment of the patients.</span></p>

Spatiotemporal Conversion of Auditory Information for Cochleotopic Mapping

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osamu Hoshino
Keyword(s):  
Action Potentials ◽  
Delay Line ◽  
Primary Auditory Cortex ◽  
Auditory Information ◽  
Latency Time ◽  
Delay Lines ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Communication Signals ◽  
Cortical Areas ◽  
The Brain

Auditory communication signals such as monkey calls are complex FM vocal sounds and in general induce action potentials in different timing in the primary auditory cortex. Delay line scheme is one of the effective ways for detecting such neuronal timing. However, the scheme is not straightforwardly applicable if the time intervals of signals are beyond the latency time of delay lines. In fact, monkey calls are often expressed in longer time intervals (hundreds of milliseconds to seconds) and are beyond the latency times observed in the brain (less than several hundreds of milliseconds). Here, we propose a cochleotopic map similar to that in vision known as a retinotopic map. We show that information about monkey calls could be mapped on a cochleotopic cortical network as spatiotemporal firing patterns of neurons, which can then be decomposed into simple (linearly sweeping) FM components and integrated into unified percepts by higher cortical networks. We suggest that the spatiotemporal conversion of auditory information may be essential for developing the cochleotopic map, which could serve as the foundation for later processing, or monkey call identification by higher cortical areas.

An Integrated Molar/Molecular Model of the Brain

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Einar Hendrickson
Keyword(s):  
Action Potentials ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Molecular Model ◽  
Spike Trains ◽  
Mass Action ◽  
Small Species ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Anaesthetic Agents ◽  
The Brain

A model of the brain is presented at both molecular and molar levels. Communication between neurons is thought to be a kind of telegraph code, with the information being coded as the permutation of four possible interval values between successive action potentials in spike trains. A small species of RNA molecule is thought to be the memory molecule, and the four possible nucleotide bases of RNA correspond to the four possible interval values. The model is shown to account for generalization, speed of retrieval, mass action, long- and short-term memory, forgetting, operant and classical conditioning, intelligence, reaction time, the action of anaesthetic agents, and some aspects of personality. Some evidence from multidisciplinary sources is presented in support of the major features of the model.

scholarly journals NeuroGrid: recording action potentials from the surface of the brain

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 310-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dion Khodagholy ◽  
Jennifer N Gelinas ◽  
Thomas Thesen ◽  
Werner Doyle ◽  
Orrin Devinsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Action Potentials ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals PENGARUH PEMBERIAN D-GALAKTOSA TERHADAP PERUBAHAN BERAT BADAN MENCIT JANTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-116
Author(s):  
Indah Permata Sari ◽  
Muhammad Ichwan ◽  
Yahwardiah Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
The Brain

D-galactose is aldohexose which occurs naturally in the body, including in the brain which is found in lactose disaccharides in honey, beets and milk products. Needed in the body for lactose formation during the process of lactogenesis. Provision of large amounts of D-galactose can cause oxidative damage to various tissues and organs. The purpose was to see changes in body weight in male rats after being given a D-galactose injection. Samples using male mice aged 8 weeks with a weight of ± 30 grams, the number of samples was 6 mice swiss webster strain. intra-peritoneal injection of D-galactose is given for 6 weeks every day (150 mg / kg / bb). The results of this study indicate that the statistical analysis is significant p <0.05 (p = 0.016). The conclusion after being given injection of D-galactose for 6 weeks every day intra peritoneally was found D-galactose had an effect on the weight gain of male mice.

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