Cyclic CMP (cytidine 3′,5′-monophosphate) suppresses changes in human sperm amplitude of lateral head displacement and hyperactivation

The recent introduction of various devices for computer-assisted sperm analysis allows us to have not only objective measurements of the seminal parameters but also to determine some characteristics of sperm motion such as curvilinear and linear velocity and amplitude of lateral head displacement that cannot be obtained by routine analysis. These new seminal parameters seem to be very useful in the diagnosis of male infertility and, among them, ALH seems to play a more important role; in one of our studies we found a significant correlation between this parameter and the results of the bovine cervical mucus penetration test (Penetrak). Furthermore it is possible to determine sperm subpopulations for each parameter and so it will be possible to express a more accurate judgement not only on the fertilizing capacity of semen but also to know the effects on spermatozoa of different activating and capacitating treatments.

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Expression and function of ras proto-oncogene proteins in human sperm cells

Journal of Cell Science ◽

10.1242/jcs.102.3.487 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 102 (3) ◽

pp. 487-494 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R.K. Naz ◽

K. Ahmad ◽

P. Kaplan

Keyword(s):

Sperm Cell ◽

Acrosome Reaction ◽

Cell Function ◽

Beat Frequency ◽

Human Sperm ◽

Sperm Cells ◽

Ras Protein ◽

Head Displacement ◽

Sperm Penetration ◽

And Function

The presence and role of c-ras proteins were investigated in mature human sperm cells. The v-H-ras monoclonal antibody (mAb) against the c-ras protein, p21, reacted specifically with the acrosomal region of methanol-fixed as well as unfixed-live capacitated and non-capacitated human sperm cell in the indirect immunofluorescence technique. The v-H-ras mAb predominantly recognized c-ras protein of 21 kDa on the Western blot of lithium diiodosalicylate (LIS)-solubilized human sperm preparation. The incubation of sperm cells with v-H-ras mAb affected the sperm cell function in the human sperm penetration assay. The antibody significantly reduced the acrosome reaction and release of acrosin activity from the sperm cells. There was no effect of the mAb on percentage motility, although the mAb significantly affected various motility characteristics such as linearity, amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH) and beat frequency, the motility parameters involved in the hyperactivation phenomenon of sperm cells leading to capacitation and acrosome reaction. These results suggest that the c-ras or c-ras-like proteins are present in mature sperm cell and may have a role in capacitation and/or acrosome reaction of human sperm cell.

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90 EFFECT OF EGG YOLK ON THE KINEMATICS AND ACROSOME MEMBRANE INTEGRITY OF COOLED-REWARMED CANINE SPERMATOZOA

Reproduction Fertility and Development ◽

10.1071/rdv22n1ab90 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 204

Author(s):

J. Dorado ◽

M. J. Galvez ◽

M. R. Murabito ◽

S. Demyda ◽

L. J. De Luca ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Semen Analysis ◽

Membrane Integrity ◽

Egg Yolk ◽

Computer Assisted ◽

Mean Values ◽

Head Displacement ◽

Healthy Dogs ◽

Acrosome Integrity ◽

Digital Manipulation ◽

Lateral Head

Tris-egg yolk-based diluents provide adequate cryoprotection for the sperm of most species. This study was conducted to compare the ability of Tris-glucose extender containing 2 different concentrations of egg yolk to maintain sperm motility and acrosome integrity of canine spermatozoa during 72 h of preservation. For this purpose, a total of 20 ejaculates from 4 clinically healthy dogs (2 Spanish Greyhound, 1 German Pointer, and 1 Crossbreed) were collected by digital manipulation. The sperm-rich fraction of each ejaculate was divided into 2 aliquots. Then, they were diluted in Tris-based extender and centrifuged at 700g for 8 min. Sperm pellets were resuspended in either Tris buffer added to 20% (EY20) or 10% centrifuged egg yolk (EY10) and cooled to 5°C over 72 h. The effects of these extenders on motility and acrosome integrity were assessed objectively using a computer-aided semen analyzer (Sperm Class Analyzer, Microptic SL, Spain) and Spermac® staining, respectively. Each cooled-rewarmed semen sample was evaluated after 24, 48, and 72 h of preservation. Sperm motion parameters shown by computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) are progressively motile (PMS) and motile spermatozoa (MS), curvilinear velocity (CLV), average path velocity (APV), progressive speed (SLV), and lateral head displacement (LHD). Data were statistically analysed by ANOVA. Dependent variables expressed as percentages were arsine-transformed before analysis. Differences between mean values were evaluated by the Duncan method. Data were presented as mean ± SEM. Differences were considered significant when P < 0.05. Analyses were performed using the statistical package SPSS 12.0. A total of 98 172 motile sperm trajectories were analyzed by CASA: 52 259 in EY20 and 45 913 in EY10. After 24, 48, and 72 h of preservation, MS and PMS were statistically higher (P < 0.01) in EY20. No significant differences were found for LHD using either extender over a 72-h period. No significant differences were observed for CLV using either extender during the first 2 days. At Day 3, CLV data were significantly higher (P < 0.01) in EY20. Similarly, from Day 2, APV was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in EY20. After 24 h of preservation, SLV was statistically higher (P < 0.001) in EY10, whereas the opposite tendency was found at Day 3. No significant differences were observed for SLV using either extender after 48 h of preservation. During the first 2 days, acrosome integrity was statistically higher (P < 0.001) in EY20. At hour 72, higher acrosome integrity (P < 0.001) was observed in EY10. In conclusion, we have observed that the EY20 extender provided higher motility after 72 h of chilled preservation; however, the acrosome membrane integrity was better preserved in EY10.

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Efecto de la composición racial sobre la calidad espermática de verracos

Agronomía Mesoamericana ◽

10.15517/ma.v29i3.32445 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 485 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Anthony Valverde-Abarca ◽

Mónica Madrigal-Valverde ◽

Marlen Camacho-Calvo ◽

Adones Zambrana-Jiménez ◽

Leonardo López

Keyword(s):

Quality Evaluation ◽

Semen Quality ◽

Sperm Quality ◽

Active Movement ◽

Racial Groups ◽

Swine Farms ◽

Progressive Motility ◽

Head Displacement ◽

Straight Line ◽

Lateral Head

The assessment of the semen quality is an essential tool to improve the reproductive indexes in swine farms. The motility is the most important parameter that used in the sperm quality evaluation because it is associated with the energy of the spermatozoon. The aim of this research was to determine the influence of breed composition on reproductive variables of sperm quality, kinetics and semen motility in boars. During 2016, 240 ejaculates were collected from 63 boars with a mean age of 24.4±10.9 months. Six racial groups were identified: Duroc (D), Yorkshire (Y), Landrace (L), F1 Pietrain*Duroc (PD) and two genetic lines (LA and LB). The breeds with the highest ejaculate volume presented a higher total number of spermatozoa (P<0.05). The effect of the breed was significant (P<0.05) on sperm kinetics variables except for amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH, μm). The Landrace breed presented the highest (P<0.05) percentage of static sperm (29.30±1.57). The most relevant differences (P<0.05) for total motility (MTOT) and progressive motility (MP), were presented between L and PD with values of 70.71±1.57; 77.48±1.09 and 51.80±1.97; 59.85±1.37% respectively. Adult boars (≥18 months) had higher volumes of ejaculate and total number of sperm than boars in the intermediate and young ages, however, for velocities (μm/s): curvilinear (VCL), straight line (VSL) and average path (VAP), adult boars only were different (P<0.05) of the boars in-between ages. Four sperm subpopulations (SP) were identified, SP1 (46.83%) characterized by a moderate speed, but of very progressive motility, SP2 (14.78%) with active movement, but not progressive, SP3 (8.45%) with low speeds and progressive path and SP4 (29.94%) with quick movement, but without progressivity.

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Two Protocols of Cryopreservation of Goat Semen with the Use of Computer-Assisted Semen Analysis System

Acta Veterinaria Brno ◽

10.2754/avb200776040601 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 76 (4) ◽

pp. 601-604 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

R. Kozdrowski ◽

A. Dubiel ◽

W. Bielas ◽

M. Dzięcioł

Keyword(s):

Citric Acid ◽

Semen Analysis ◽

Egg Yolk ◽

Computer Assisted ◽

Semen Cryopreservation ◽

Velocity Amplitude ◽

Head Displacement ◽

Analysis System ◽

Thawing Procedure ◽

Lateral Head

The objective of the study was a comparison of two protocols of goat semen cryopreservation with the use of computer-assisted semen analysis system. Twenty ejaculates obtained with electroejaculation method were assessed. Each ejaculate was divided in half and frozen according to two protocols. In protocol I semen was centrifuged in order to remove its plasma and diluted in Tris buffer extender containing glucose, citric acid and glycerol with 20% addition of egg yolk. Protocol II did not include removal of plasma and the extender contained 1.5% egg yolk. It was shown that the removal of semen plasma improved motility of goat spermatozoa following freezing/thawing with respect to the following motility indicators: motility, average path velocity, amplitude of lateral head displacement at p < 0.05, and straight velocity, straightness and linearity at p < 0.01. In conclusion, the removal of semen plasma through centrifugation improved motility properties of goat semen following the freezing/thawing procedure.

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Effect of three commercial extenders on sperm motility and fertility in liquid ram semen stored at 15 °C or 5 °C

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica ◽

10.1556/004.2019.043 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 67 (3) ◽

pp. 430-444

Author(s):

Ander Arando ◽

Juan Vicente Delgado ◽

José Manuel León ◽

Sergio Nogales ◽

Francisco Javier Navas-González ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sperm Motility ◽

Soybean Lecithin ◽

Egg Yolk ◽

Kinematic Parameters ◽

Progressive Motility ◽

Head Displacement ◽

Liquid Storage ◽

Lateral Head

The effect of different extenders on sperm motility and fertility was evaluated during liquid storage of ram semen at 5 °C and 15 °C. The semen was collected, pooled and diluted in three commercial extenders: Inra 96® (INRA) based on skimmed milk, Biladyl® A fraction (BIL) based on egg yolk, and Ovixcell® (OVIX) based on soybean lecithin. Then, sperm motility was evaluated at 0, 6, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. In order to evaluate fertility, samples stored at 15 °C were used after dilution in INRA and OVIX. Results showed that progressive motility was significantly higher up to 72 h of storage in sperm samples maintained at 5 °C in comparison with 15 °C, similarly for each tested diluent. When samples were stored at 5 °C in OVIX, kinematic parameters such as velocity (except curvilinear velocity, VCL), trajectory [linearity (LIN), straightness (STR), wobble (WOB)], amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH) and beat/cross frequency (BCF) were higher than in INRA and BIL. No significant differences in pregnancy rate were detected between INRA (62.6%) and OVIX (58.9%). In conclusion, liquid storage at 5 °C with OVIX extender is an interesting option since non-animal components are used, and this extender offers similar in vitro and in vivo efficacy as other extenders containing animal components.

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Characterisation of movement pattern and velocities of stallion spermatozoa depending on donor, season and cryopreservation

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica ◽

10.1556/avet.51.2003.3.13 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 51 (3) ◽

pp. 395-408 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Christina Warnke ◽

A. Tuchscherer ◽

Hannelore Alm ◽

W. Kanitz ◽

S. Blottner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breeding Season ◽

Rank Order ◽

Movement Pattern ◽

Mean Velocity ◽

Sperm Analysis ◽

Head Displacement ◽

Straight Line ◽

Highly Correlated ◽

Casa System ◽

Lateral Head

The aim of the study was to compare different types of movement pattern and velocities of stallion spermatozoa depending on cryopreservation during breeding and non-breeding season. Ejaculates were collected from four stallions during May (n = 24) and December (n = 24). Parameters of sperm movement were evaluated by computer-aided sperm analysis (CASA) system, and included percentages of motile spermatozoa, different patterns of motility, the velocity, linearity (LIN), amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH) and beat-cross frequency (BCF). In winter the average percentages of motility were slightly higher compared to the breeding season in May (70.8 ± 12.7% vs. 66.8 ± 12.2%, respectively). Cryopreservation and thawing led to a significant decrease in the number of motile sperm to 11.3 ± 5.8% in May and 15.6 ± 7.0% in December. The pattern of motility was also changed. Detailed analysis by CASA demonstrated that cryopreservation resulted in a shift from the proportions of linear to more non-linear motile spermatozoa and to a significant increase of local motile and hyperactivated spermatozoa. Mean velocity of fresh motile spermatozoa differed between May and December (119.1 ± 43.9 vs. 164.4 ± 66.4 µm/sec, respectively; P < 0.05). Cryopreservation and thawing led to a slight increase of curvilinear velocity (VCL) and straight line velocity (VSL). The motility analysis has shown that the parameters BCF and ALH were highly correlated in stallion spermatozoa (r = -0.67; P < 0.001). The BCF of stallion spermatozoa was slightly reduced in the non-breeding season. Altogether, the influence of factors on the motility of stallion spermatozoa has the following rank order: cryopreservation (P < 0.0001) ≯ stallion (P < 0.001) ≯ season (P < 0.05).

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Influence of Glutathione on Kinetic Parameters of Frozen-Thawed Spermatozoa from Ovchepolian Pramenka Rams

Macedonian Veterinary Review ◽

10.14432/j.macvetrev.2014.05.014 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 121-128 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Martin Nikolovski ◽

Ljupco Mickov ◽

Monika Dovenska ◽

Vladimir Petkov ◽

Branko Atanasov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Kinetic Parameters ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Head Displacement ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Semen Extender ◽

Group 2 ◽

Positive Effect ◽

Lateral Head ◽

Group 1

Abstract Motility patterns of spermatozoa are an indicator of their fertilizing capacity. Reduced glutathione (GSH) has been reported to induce positive effects on the biological quality of the frozen-thawed spermatozoa. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of GSH addition to semen extender based on the following kinetic parameters: continuous line velocity (VSL), average path velocity (VAP), curvilinear velocity (VCL), amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH), linearity (LIN), straightness (STR), beat cross frequency (BCF), total motility (tMOT) and progressive motility (pMOT), and to appoint them as indicators of its presence. A soybean-based extender was used for dilution of the semen samples, fractioned in two parts, one containing GSH (5 mMol/ml) and second without GSH. The ejaculates (n=48) were collected from two rams (January - May, 2013) which were classified in two groups according to the used extender: Group 1 (with GSH, n=24) and Group 2 (without GSH, n=24), and then frozen in liquid nitrogen on -196°C degrees in a programmable freezer. Assessment of the samples has been performed post-thawing (30 sec. at 37°C) on CASA equipment, acquiring kinetic parameters. Results showed that only VSL and BCF have a statistically significant difference between group1 and group 2 (102.98±15.13 vs. 88.47±20.63, t=2.77, p<0.01 and 32.01±2.68 vs. 89.47±2.92, t=3.13, p<0.01, respectively). The summary of the investigation concludes that none of the kinetic parameters could be appointed as indicators that confer the positive effect of GSH as an additive to soy-bean semen extender.

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Sorting and cryopreservation of goat sperm with or without phenolic compounds

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/1678-4162-11354 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 72 (2) ◽

pp. 295-304

Author(s):

E.C.B. Silva ◽

J.I.T. Vieira ◽

I.H.A.V. Nery ◽

R.A.J. Araújo Silva ◽

V.F.M.H. Lima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Membrane Integrity ◽

Living Cells ◽

Phenolic Antioxidants ◽

Density Gradients ◽

Continuous Density ◽

Progressive Motility ◽

Head Displacement ◽

Straight Line ◽

Sperm Sorting ◽

Lateral Head

ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were to evaluate goat sperm sorting in continuous Percoll® density gradients and gamete freezability, in the presence or absence of phenolic antioxidants. For this, semen pools were sorted, frozen, and evaluated. The non-selected group (NSg) presented lower progressive motility (PM), linearity (LIN), straightness (STR), and wobble (WOB) than the selected groups, and straight line velocity (VSL) compared to those with catechin or resveratrol. The amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH) was higher in NSg, and quercetin reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). After thawing, the NSg presented lower PM than the selected groups, VSL and VAP (average path velocity) than the selected group with or without catechin, LIN and WOB than the selected with or without catechin or resveratrol, and STR than the selected with catechin. Moreover, NSg presented higher ALH and BCF than the samples selected with or without catechin. Plasma membrane integrity and intact and living cells were higher in the selected groups, and MMP was lower in the NSg and the selected group with quercetin. Thus, centrifugation in Percoll® continuous density gradients is a viable methodology to select goat sperm compatible with the freezing, especially in the presence of catechin or resveratrol.

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Ultrastructure and motility of spermatozoa in the male reproductive tract of perameloid marsupials

Reproduction Fertility and Development ◽

10.1071/rd9951141 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 1141 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

DA Taggart ◽

CM Leigh ◽

WG Breed

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Tract ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Contralateral Side ◽

Head Displacement ◽

Number Distribution ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Epididymal Maturation ◽

Nuclear Rotation ◽

Lateral Head

The number, distribution, maturation, motility and ultrastructure of spermatozoa from both northern (Isoodon macrourus) and southern (Isoodon obesulus) brown bandicoots were examined. One epididymidis per animal was fixed for light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, and the contralateral side was used for the determination of sperm number, distribution and motility. Sperm form was similar between the two species. Approximately 56 x 10(6) testicular sperm and 100 x 10(6) epididymal sperm per side were present in I. macrourus, about 60% of which were in the caudal region. Initiation of sperm nuclear rotation and loss of the cytoplasmic droplet was first observed in distal caput or proximal corpus segments along with slow progressive motility. In these sperm, dislocation and anterior movement of the sperm neck from the implantation fossa and the modification of the distal margins of the sperm acrosome were evident. Motility of cauda epididymidal spermatozoa was rapid and coordinated, movement was restricted to one plane, and lateral head displacement was marked. As media viscosity increased, sperm velocity decreased, as did the amplitude of the tail beat, its frequency, and lateral head displacement but, in viscous mineral oil and mixtures of media and prostatic exudate, extremely rapid sinusoidal motility occurred. This study has detailed unusual morphological changes in bandicoot sperm during epididymal maturation and has shown that, although bandicoot sperm differ morphologically from those of the dasyurids, particularly in relation to head-tail orientation and tail ultrastructure, they exhibit similar motility.

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