On the changing concept of evolutionary population stability as a reflection of a changing point of view in the quantitative theory of evolution

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 485-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilan Eshel
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Population Stability ◽  
Theory Of Evolution ◽  
Quantitative Theory

Ali Sedad Bey’s (d. 1900), ()

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazif Muhtaroglu
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Working Mechanism ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Theory Of Evolution ◽  
First Time ◽  
Late Ottoman

This chapter presents and evaluates Ali Sedāt’s (d. 1900) Principles of Transformation in the Motion of Particles. In this work, Ali Sedad gives a detailed description of the working mechanism of the whole universe, including topics that range from the interaction of atoms to the emergence of animate bodies and the motion of heavenly bodies. In doing this, he introduces thermodynamics and Darwin’s theory of evolution for the first time to the Turkish-speaking community in a detailed way and discusses the laws behind natural phenomena in a philosophical way. Ali Sedāt’s Principles of Transformation is a unique work introducing the basic principles of the natural sciences in nineteenth-century European circles to the Ottoman world and interpreting them from an Ashʿarite perspective. It shows how an Ashʿarite scholar from the late Ottoman era followed modern science thoroughly but interpreted it critically from its own philosophical point of view.

An Approach to the Theory of Natural Selection

Philosophy ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 44 (170) ◽  
pp. 271-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Barker
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Darwinian Theory ◽  
Theory Of Evolution ◽  
Positive Argument

In this paper I want to examine a view of the Darwinian theory of evolution which was put forward fairly recently by A. R. Manser. His approach is of interest not only in itself, but also because it may be expanded to raise some fundamental questions about the nature of the science of biology in general. I shall not consider these further implications here, but shall concentrate on an examination of his thesis in the context in which it is raised. My paper falls into two sections. In the first I shall state Manser's thesis and some of the arguments with which he supports it, and shall try to show how a series of objections raised by A. G. N. Flew and K. Connolly may be answered. In the second I shall offer on my own account a positive argument to provide a possible basis for his point of view, with the aim of indicating why the theory should be of the kind he suggests, and what form the study of evolution must take.

scholarly journals CONGWAYNDUT: REFLEKSI FUNGSIONALISME STRUKTURAL SENI PERTUNJUKAN YANG MELINTAS BATAS

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-123
Author(s):  
Bondet Wrahatnala
Keyword(s):  
Performance Art ◽  
Performing Arts ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theory Of Evolution ◽  
Traditional Art ◽  
Structural Functionalism ◽  
Functional Point ◽  
The Many

Abstract This paper positions itself as a study that portrays the Keroncong Wayang Gendut (Congwayndut) performance, as performance art that reflects structural functionalism. Because Congwayndut explicitly contained aspects of structural functionalism. In this paper, Congwayndut is positioned as an organism that has a structure and functions socially and culturally. Congwayndut is one of the many performing arts groups capable of interpreting traditional art in contemporary, meaning that it responds to the millennial generation with the construction of traditional performances, namely shadow puppet art. . Congwayndut has an important role in the development process or as a performance art model that accommodates other art disciplines, including music, wayang, theater, script, visuals, dramaturgy, which are combined as a typical Indonesian performance art prototype. Therefore, the structural-functional point of view emerged, as a step to explain to the public about the cultural phenomena experienced by Congwayndut. Structural functionalism was born as a reaction against the theory of evolution. If evolutionary studies aim to establish the stages of human cultural development, then structural-functionalism studies aim to build a social system, or social structure, through the study of the functioning patterns of relations between individuals, between groups. -groups, or between social institutions in a society, at a certain period of time. Keywords: Congwayndut, Cross-Border Performing Arts, Structural Functionalism  Abstrak Tulisan ini, memposisikan diri sebagai kajian yang memotret pertunjukan Keroncong Wayang Gendut (Congwayndut), sebagai seni pertunjukan yang merefelksikan fungsionalisme struktural. Karena di dalam Congwayndut secara eksplisit terkandung aspek fungsionalisme struktural. Congwayndut di dalam tulisan ini diposisikan sebagai organisme yang memiliki struktur, dan memiliki fungsi secara sosial budaya.Congwayndut adalah satu satu dari sekian banyak kelompok seni pertunjukan, yang mampu menafsir seni tradisi secara kekinian, artinya merespon generasi milenial dengan konstruksi pertunjukan tradisi yakni kesenian wayang kulit. Congwayndut memiliki peran penting dalam proses pengembangan atau sebagi model seni pertunjukan yang mengakomodir disiplin seni yang lain, ada musik, wayang, teater, naskah, rupa, dramaturgi, yang dijadikan satu sebagai purwarupa seni pertunjukan yang khas Indonesia. Oleh sebab itu lah sudut pandang struktural fungsional muncul, sebagai langkah untuk menjelaskan kepada publik, tentang gejala fenomena budaya yang dialami oleh Congwayndut. Fungsionalisme struktural lahir sebagai reaksi terhadap teori evolusi. Jika tujuan dari kajian-kajian evolusi adalah untuk membangun tingkat-tingkat perkembangan budaya manusia, maka tujuan dari kajian-kajian fungsionalisme struktural adalah untuk membangun suatu sistem sosial, atau struktur sosial, melalui pengajian terhadap pola hubungan yang berfungsi antara individu-individu, antara kelompok-kelompok, atau antara institusi-institusi sosial di dalam suatu masyarakat, pada suatu kurun masa tertentu. Kata Kunci : Congwayndut, Seni Pertunjukan Lintas Batas, Fungsionalisme Struktural

scholarly journals A genetic perspective on human origins

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Matthew Williams ◽  
João Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Information ◽  
Stone Tools ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Origins ◽  
Theory Of Evolution ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
Geographical Locations ◽  
Scientific Fields

Who are we? Where did we come from? Why are we here? These fundamental questions have been widespread throughout human history, shared across different cultures from distant epochs and geographical locations. The search has been as much a philosophical as an empirical one, capturing the imagination of the philosopher, the theologian, the artist and the scientist alike. Hence, the quest for unveiling our origins is probably as old as humanity itself. From a scientific point of view, which we address in the present article, the question of human origins became deeply intertwined with Charles Darwin's theory of evolution in the late 19th century. This led to the development of scientific fields such as palaeoanthropology, which analyses fossil remains, stone tools and cultural artefacts to piece together our past. Recently, however, the possibility to assess genetic information from thousands of individuals across the world and, more importantly, to obtain DNA from specimens that lived thousands of years in the past (so-called ancient DNA [aDNA] analyses) is rapidly transforming long-held beliefs about our origins. As such, we have never been in a better position to ask what do our genomes have to tell us about where we came from. Ultimately, however, can they tell us who we are?

scholarly journals THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION FROM A BIOCHEMICAL POINT OF VIEW

Hereditas ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 383-390
Author(s):  
ERIK M. P. WIDMARK
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Theory Of Evolution

scholarly journals Moral sense by Charles Darwin

2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-59
Author(s):  
Drago Djuric
Keyword(s):  
Charles Darwin ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Moral Sense ◽  
Normative Ethics ◽  
Theory Of Evolution ◽  
Moral Beliefs ◽  
Descriptive Ethics ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
Moral Properties ◽  
And Behaviors

At the beginning of this paper Darwin's approach to science will be presented. This will be illustrated with his own modality of his main claims and modesty he had shown in evaluating the worth of his theory. Than we shall present his four suppositions important for preservation and evolution of moral sense. After that we will consider the issue of relation between inherited and acquired moral properties and main characteristics which according to Darwin, make difference between social instinct in lower animals and moral sense in man. At the end some we shall present some arguments for thesis that in evolutionary scientific approach to ethics there is no room for unbridgeable gap between facts and values, 'ought' and 'is', and some arguments for thesis that from the point of view of the theory of evolution we can have descriptive ethics, but not any prescriptive or normative ethics except predictions that some moral beliefs and behaviors can be evolutionary successful.

La sociologie de la religion comme Théorie Critique (L'Ecole de Francfort)

1980 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-50
Author(s):  
Ingo Mörth
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Critical Theory ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Frankfurt School ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Critical Social Theory ◽  
Herbert Marcuse ◽  
Founding Fathers ◽  
Theory Of Evolution ◽  
German Sociology

The critical social theory and philosophy of the " Frankfurt School " and its followers within German Sociology analyses religion within dialectic framework of religion as ideology, as utopical thinking and as part of social change. Theodor W. Adorno and Herbert Marcuse, two of the founding fathers of the Frankfurt School and up to now of great influence not only within German sociology, in their essays dealing with religion, too — religion never was the main topic of any of their writings —, tried to show that religion especially in its present " neutralized " (Adorno) form is part of the ideo logical glue that keeps our one-dimensional, totalitarian so ciety together and going. Max Horkheimer, besides Adorno the second founding father tha restablished the Frankfurt School in Germany after World War II, unlike Adorno and Marcuse discussed religion explicitly in his writings several times and always concentrated on the positive aspects of religion. Religion for him is a possible dimension of autonomy against the the overwhelming forces of social control. For Horkheimer religion and Critical Theory itself converge in the desire for a totally different future. This emphasis on the positive-utopical aspects of religion is combined with a critical theory of evolution by Jürgen Habermas and Rainer Döbert. These recent representatives of the old critical tradition try to include Webers point of view, too, who, in short, had tried to show how religion is a way of developing human rationality. Habermas and Döbert view religion as a " cogni tive potential " in society, that — in terms of its ethics and view of life — has developed fundamental norms of an universalistic ethic and thus is a prerequisite of human progress and emancipation. Finally it has to be stated that the theo retical, speculative-philosophical " leg " of the Critical Theory of religion is as oversized as the empirical leg is under developed. Only recently a generation of critical theologians, inspired by the ideas of the Critical Theory, started to analyse structure, organization, ideological ties and political involve ment of the churches in Germany by empirical means and to compare the results self-critically with the emancipatory possibilities of religion as indicated by Horkheimer or Haber mas.

Darwin’s Impact on the Medical Sciences

2019 ◽  
pp. 171-186
Author(s):  
Fabio Zampieri
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Charles Darwin ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Darwinian Revolution ◽  
Theory Of Evolution ◽  
Organic Evolution ◽  
Medical Issues ◽  
Nineteenth Century Medicine ◽  
The Impact

In early nineteenth century medicine, the concepts of organic evolution and natural selection emerged in different contexts, partly anticipating Darwinian revolution. In particular, the anatomical concept of disease favored the perception that men and animals were very similar from a morphological, physiological and pathological point of view, and that this could indicate a certain degree of kinship between them. The debate around human races and human pathological heredity saw first formulations of the principle of natural selection, even if without a full appraisal of its evolutionary implications. Charles Darwin took many inspirations from these medical theories. The impact of the theory of evolution formulated by him in 1859 was only apparently slight in medicine. It is even possible to support that evolutionary concepts contributed in a significant way to the most important medical issues, debates and new discipline in the period between 1880 and 1940.

scholarly journals Max Müller, Charles Darwin and the science of religion

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Berner
Keyword(s):  
Charles Darwin ◽  
Religious Studies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theory Of Evolution ◽  
Max Müller ◽  
Science Of Religion ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Jane Ellen Harrison ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The science of religion, as a discipline distinct from theology emerging in the 19th century, from the beginning was closely related to the discourse on Darwinism. This article focusses on Max Müller, known as ‘The father of Comparative Religion’, who was involved in the Darwinian discourse, compared with Jane Ellen Harrison who emphasised the impact of the theory of evolution, approaching, however, the ‘scientific study of religion’ from a different viewpoint.Contribution: From a historical point of view, this article discusses the relationship between different strands in Religious Studies (Religionswissenschaft), and, also, touches upon the relationship between Religious Studies and Theology.

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