The role of B and T lymphocytes in forming cell clones producing antibodies

ABSTRACT The importance of each of the two interferon (IFN) systems in impeding herpesvirus replication and in stimulating virus-specific lymphocytes to control an acute systemic infection is not completely understood. To further our knowledge, pseudorabies virus, attenuated by deletion of the glycoprotein E gene to impair its neurovirulence and by deletion of the thymidine kinase gene (gE−TK−PRV), was used to infect wild-type 129Sv/Ev and congenic mice with immune system-associated genetic deficiencies. Mice with mature B and T lymphocytes but lacking either one or both functional receptors for members of each of the two IFN families were infected with gE−TK−PRV. At 3 and 7 but not 14 days after infection, replicating gE−TK−PRV could be isolated only from livers or spleens of mice lacking the receptors for both IFN families, and these mice survived the infection. Therefore, functional IFN receptors were not required to induce a protective immune response against an acute infection with gE−TK−PRV. Furthermore, PRV-specific antibodies of all immunoglobulin G isotypes were produced in these mice. Mice without mature B and T lymphocytes and lacking either one or both functional receptors for members of each of the two IFN families were also infected with gE−TK−PRV. Three days after infection, replicating virus could be isolated only from mice lacking both mature B and T lymphocytes and functional IFN receptors, and these mice were not able to clear the virus. We present evidence that mice with an intact gamma IFN system but without mature B and T cells were able to prevent systemic dissemination of gE−TK−PRV.

Download Full-text

The Critical Role of Bach2 in Shaping the Balance between CD4+ T Cell Subsets in Immune-Mediated Diseases

Mediators of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/2019/2609737 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Lingyi Yang ◽

Shuli Chen ◽

Qiuyu Zhao ◽

Ying Sun ◽

Hong Nie

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

T Lymphocytes ◽

Cell Biology ◽

Transcriptional Activity ◽

Critical Role ◽

T Cell Subsets ◽

B Cell Differentiation ◽

Immune Mediated ◽

B And T Lymphocytes

The transcription factor Bach2 which is predominantly expressed in B and T lymphocytes represses the expression of genes by forming heterodimers with small Maf and Batf proteins and binding to the corresponding sequence on the DNA. In this way, Bach2 serves as a highly conserved repressor which controls the terminal differentiation and maturation of both B and T lymphocytes. It is required for class switch recombination (CSR) and somatic hypermutation (SHM) of immunoglobulin genes in activated B cells, and its function in B cell differentiation has been well-described. Furthermore, emerging data show that Bach2 regulates transcriptional activity in T cells at super enhancers or regions of high transcriptional activity, thus stabilizing immunoregulatory capacity and maintaining T cell homeostasis. Bach2 is also critical for the formation and function of CD4+ T cell lineages (Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17, T follicular helper (Tfh), and regulatory T (Treg) cells). Genetic variations within Bach2 locus are associated with numerous immune-mediated diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), chronic pancreatitis (CP), type 2 chronic airway inflammation, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and type 1 diabetes. Here, we reveal a critical role of Bach2 in regulating T cell biology and the correlation with these immune-mediated diseases.

Download Full-text

Neutrophils and lymphopenia, an unknown axis in severe COVID-19 disease

PLoS Pathogens ◽

10.1371/journal.ppat.1009850 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (9) ◽

pp. e1009850

Author(s):

Hernán F. Peñaloza ◽

Janet S. Lee ◽

Prabir Ray

Keyword(s):

T Lymphocytes ◽

Neutralizing Antibodies ◽

Distress Syndrome ◽

Severe Disease ◽

Physiological Role ◽

Suppressor Cells ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Cell Responses ◽

B And T Lymphocytes

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the betacoronavirus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus that can mediate asymptomatic or fatal infections characterized by pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and multi-organ failure. Several studies have highlighted the importance of B and T lymphocytes, given that neutralizing antibodies and T cell responses are required for an effective immunity. In addition, other reports have described myeloid cells such as macrophages and monocytes play a major role in the immunity against SARS-CoV-2 as well as dysregulated pro-inflammatory signature that characterizes severe COVID-19. During COVID-19, neutrophils have been defined as a heterogeneous group of cells, functionally linked to severe inflammation and thrombosis triggered by degranulation and NETosis, but also to suppressive phenotypes. The physiological role of suppressive neutrophils during COVID-19 and their implications in severe disease have been poorly studied and is not well understood. Here, we discuss the current evidence regarding the role of neutrophils with suppressive properties such as granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (G-MDSCs) and their possible role in suppressing CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes expansion and giving rise to lymphopenia in severe COVID-19 infection.

Download Full-text

Analysis of the role of ICAM-3 as a costimulatory molecule through a cell model: CAMY-1 and CAMY-2 (two CD50-negative Jurkat-T cell clones)

Immunology Letters ◽

10.1016/s0165-2478(97)87030-7 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 56 (1-3) ◽

pp. 52

Author(s):

C Vilardell

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

Cell Model ◽

Costimulatory Molecule ◽

T Cell Clones ◽

Cell Clones ◽

Jurkat T Cell ◽

A Cell

Download Full-text

PD-L1 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer

Current Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1389450121666200609142219 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (15) ◽

pp. 1558-1565

Author(s):

Matteo Santoni ◽

Francesco Massari ◽

Liang Cheng ◽

Alessia Cimadamore ◽

Marina Scarpelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Clinical Trials ◽

T Lymphocytes ◽

Chronic Inflammation ◽

Immune Cells ◽

Response To Therapy ◽

Complex Series

The carcinogenesis of prostate cancer (PCa) results from a complex series of events. Chronic inflammation and infections are crucial in this context. Infiltrating M2 type macrophages, as well as neutrophils and T lymphocytes, contribute to PCa development, progression and response to therapy. The preliminary findings on the efficacy of immunotherapy in patients with PCa were not encouraging. However, a series of studies investigating anti-PD-L1 agents such as Atezolizumab, Avelumab and Durvalumab used alone or in combination with other immunotherapies, chemotherapy or locoregional approaches are in course in this tumor. In this review, we illustrate the role of immune cells and PD-L1 expression during PCa carcinogenesis and progression, with a focus on ongoing clinical trials on anti-PD-L1 agents in this context.

Download Full-text

SP400EFFECT OF CHOLECALCIFEROL SUPPLEMENTATION ON TLR7, TLR9, IL-6 AND IFN-Y EXPRESSION IN B AND T LYMPHOCYTES ON CHRONIC DIALYSIS PATIENTS

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation ◽

10.1093/ndt/gfv193.08 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 30 (suppl_3) ◽

pp. iii511-iii511

Author(s):

Jose Tarcisio Giffoni de Carvalho ◽

Marion Schneider ◽

Lilian Cuppari ◽

Caren Cristina Grabulosa ◽

Silvia Regina Manfredi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Lymphocytes ◽

Chronic Dialysis ◽

Dialysis Patients ◽

Cholecalciferol Supplementation ◽

B And T Lymphocytes

Download Full-text

Bridging autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases

The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine ◽

10.1186/s43162-021-00040-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Emad M. El-Shebiny ◽

Enas S. Zahran ◽

Sabry A. Shoeib ◽

Eman S. Habib

Keyword(s):

Innate Immunity ◽

T Lymphocytes ◽

Autoimmune Diseases ◽

Adaptive Immunity ◽

High Titre ◽

The Other ◽

Clinical Spectrum ◽

Autoinflammatory Diseases ◽

Main Body ◽

B And T Lymphocytes

Abstract Background Autoimmunity is used to cause by impairment of adaptive immunity alone, whereas autoinflammatory was originally defined as a consequence of unregulated innate immunity. So, the pathogenetic mechanisms of autoimmune diseases were well-thought-out to be mediated by B and T lymphocytes. Whereas, autoinflammatory diseases were defined as unprovoked times of inflammation with the absence of a high titre of autoantibodies. Main body of the abstract Autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases were split into two groups, but considering the similarities, it can be considered as only one group of diseases with a large immune pathological and clinical spectrum which involves at one end pure autoimmune diseases and the other pure autoinflammatory diseases. Conclusions We can safely conclude that there is bridging between autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases.

Download Full-text