Nitrogen metabolism inErica and soybean, two species differing by their sensitivity to inorganic N source

1991 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Guerrier
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
N Source

Highly Specialized Nitrogen Metabolism in a Freshwater Phytoplankter, Chrysochromulina breviturrita

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 736-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Wehr ◽  
Lewis M. Brown ◽  
Kathryn O'Grady
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Laboratory Culture ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Acidic Precipitation ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Culture Study ◽  
N Source ◽  
Softwater Lakes ◽  
N Metabolism ◽  
N Compounds

A field and laboratory culture study was carried out on the nitrogen metabolism of isolates of the freshwater phytoplankter Chrysochromulina breviturrita Nich. (Prymnesiophyceae). These were isolated from two different softwater lakes, one believed to be influenced by acidic precipitation (Cinder Lake) and another which was experimentally acidified with H2SO4 (Lake 302-South). The alga was able to utilize only NH4+ as an inorganic N source. A range of irradiances and molybdenum concentrations failed to induce NO3− utilization. Among 17 organic N compounds including amino acids, purines, and other amines, only urea plus Ni2+ as a cofactor would serve as the sole N source for this species. Nonetheless, growth rates in media supplied with urea were significantly less than with NH4+. Field data from Lake 302-S indicate that a predominance of NH4+ versus NO3− as the major inorganic N species may have favored the development of a Chrysochromulina-dominated community during August 1984. A detailed depth profile also indicated that a metalimnetic peak (> 20 × 106 cells/L) of this alga coincided with a distinct NH4+ depletion, which occurred at no other time during the year. Experiments with isolates of C. breviturrita and a Nannochloris sp. (Chlorophyceae) (~ 1 μm in diameter) from this community indicated that the former alga possessed a highly specialized N metabolism much like the Cinder Lake isolate. The Nannochloris sp. from the same environment grew on NO3− and NH4+ equally well. It is suggested that the specialized NH4+ utilization by C. breviturrita may itself influence the pH regime of poorly buffered waters through selective NH4+ uptake and H+ generation.

scholarly journals Effects of different nitrogen sources on growth, chlorophyll concentration, nitrate reductase activity and carbon and nitrogen distribution in Araucaria angustifolia

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mário L. Garbin ◽  
Lúcia R. Dillenburg
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Nitrate Reductase Activity ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Araucaria Angustifolia ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
N Source ◽  
Young Leaves

The southern Brazilian highland plateau is a mosaic of two contrasting plant communities, Araucaria forests and grasslands, which differ in the relative abundances and spatial patterns of soil nitrate and ammonium. However, we still do not know the inorganic N preferences of one key species in this mosaic, Araucaria angustifolia, the dominant tree species in the Araucaria forests and an important tree species invading the adjacent grasslands. Growth responses measured in a greenhouse study demonstrated that the species prefers NH4+ over NO3- as an inorganic N source. When provided alone, NO3- induced N deficiency symptoms: increases in root: shoot ratio, root branching and leaf mass per area, thickening of the shoot apexes and decreased mass-based chlorophyll and N concentrations of the young leaves. Nitrate-based nutrition also affected the whole plant N and carbon (C) distribution: young leaves accumulated less N and showed a larger C:N ratio than mature leaves. The nitrate reductase activity (NRA) followed the pattern of root: shoot partitioning expected for temperate climate conifers (activity concentrated in roots). However, the presence of NRA even under sole NH4+ nutrition indicates that plants may show constitutive levels of the enzyme, or that low levels of NO3- (possibly formed by contamination of the growth media) can induce leaf NRA. We suggest that A. angustifolia has ammonium as a preferential inorganic N source, and that this preference may favor a more successful establishment in grassland than in forest areas.

Effects of N‐source, light intensity and temperature on nitrogen metabolism of bahiagrass

1985 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 945-963 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.S. Fernandes ◽  
R.O.P. Rossiello ◽  
M.E.S. Bendix
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
N Source

CORN RESPONSE AND SOIL NITROGEN TRANSFORMATIONS FOLLOWING VARIED APPLICATION OF POULTRY MANURE TREATED TO MINIMIZE ODOR

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. MACMILLAN ◽  
T. W. SCOTT ◽  
T. W. BATEMAN
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Nitrogen Transformations ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
N Source ◽  
Soil Inorganic N ◽  
Ph Conditions ◽  
Soil Nitrogen Transformations

The response of corn (Zea mays L.) to manure that had been treated to minimize odor was investigated in a greenhouse trial with two silt loam soils of pH 4.2 and 7.1. Pretreatment of manure resulted in sources initially high in organic N and NH4+, but low in NO3−. One pretreatment gave high initial NO2− concentrations. In soil at pH 4.2, NH4+ was the major N source utilized by corn grown to 36 days, and dry matter yields were superior to those from soil at pH 7.1 where soluble NO3− was the major source of N. At pH 7.1, NO2− remained in significant quantities and decreased dry matter yields at 6 wk. Soil inorganic N concentrations varied between soils and was attributed to soil pH differences. Rate of NO2− disappearance decreased with increase in soil pH, and NH4+ accumulation increased with decrease in soil pH, whereas NO3+ production was favored by neutral pH conditions. Some NO3− production was observed in pH 4.2 soil after 36 days' incubation

scholarly journals Interactions between uptake of amino acids and inorganic nitrogen in wheat plants

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 11311-11335 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Gioseffi ◽  
A. de Neergaard ◽  
J. K. Schjoerring
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Source

Abstract. Soil-borne amino acids may constitute a nitrogen (N) source for plants in various terrestrial ecosystems but their importance for total N nutrition is unclear, particularly in nutrient-rich arable soils. One reason for this uncertainty is lack of information on how the absorption of amino acids by plant roots is affected by the simultaneous presence of inorganic N forms. The objective of the present study was to study absorption of glycine (Gly) and glutamine (Gln) by wheat roots and their interactions with nitrate (NO3–) and (NH4+) during uptake. The underlying hypothesis was that amino acids, when present in nutrient solution together with inorganic N, may lead to down-regulation of the inorganic N uptake. Amino acids were enriched with double-labelled 15N and 13C, while NO3– and NH4+ acquisition was determined by their rate of removal from the nutrient solution surrounding the roots. The uptake rates of NO3– and NH4+ did not differ from each other and were about twice as high as the uptake rate of organic N when the different N forms were supplied separately in concentrations of 2 mM. Nevertheless, replacement of 50 % of the inorganic N with organic N was able to restore the N uptake to the same level as that in the presence of only inorganic N. Co-provision of NO3– did not affect glycine uptake, while the presence of glycine down-regulated NO3– uptake. The ratio between 13C and 15N were lower in shoots than in roots and also lower than the theoretical values, reflecting higher C losses via respiratory processes compared to N losses. It is concluded that organic N can constitute a significant N-source for wheat plants and that there is an interaction between the uptake of inorganic and organic nitrogen.

scholarly journals Basal Medium with Modified Nitrogen Source and other Factors Influence the Rooting of Banana

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 428-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanli Wu ◽  
Ganjun Yi ◽  
Hu Yang ◽  
Birong Zhou ◽  
Jiwu Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Orthogonal Design ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Retail Price ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
N Source ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Optimal Medium ◽  
Medium Preparation

MS is the most commonly used basal medium for the micropropagation of banana (Musa spp.), in which inorganic N source consists of NH4+-N and NO3--N, and NH4+:NO3- = 1:2. In the present study, basal medium for rooting culture was modified by supplying NO3--N as the sole N source at the concentration of 17.80 to 19.78 mmol·L-1. Not only was the percentage of qualified plantlets higher than that of MS or ½ MS, but the cost for medium preparation (per liter) was about $0.6 lower than that of MS based on local retail price, for the concentration of N decreased from about 60 mmol·L-1 to nearly 20 mmol·L-1. The effects of four factors: sucrose (25 to 35 g·L-1), NAA (0.2 to 1.0 mg·L-1), IBA (0.2 to 1.0 mg·L-1), and basal medium with modified N source on the percentage of qualified plantlets were studied by using orthogonal design. The variance analysis of data showed that all the four factors significantly affected the process of rooting culture. Among them, sucrose was the most important factor, followed by revised basal medium, IBA, and NAA. The optimal medium for rooting culture was BM II supplemented with 30 g·L-1 sucrose, 0.5 mg·L-1 NAA, and 0.5 mg·L-1 IBA. During the following acclimation phase, >90% of plantlets survived. Chemical name used: 6-benzylaminopurine (BA); indole-3-butyric acid (IBA); α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA).

External inorganic N source enhances the uptake of As species in garland chrysanthemum (C. coronarium) amended with chicken manure bearing roxarsone and its metabolites

2013 ◽  
Vol 254-255 ◽  
pp. 270-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lixian Yao ◽  
Lianxi Huang ◽  
Zhaohuan He ◽  
Changmin Zhou ◽  
Guoliang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
N Source ◽  
As Species

scholarly journals Geranium and Marigold Response to Fish Waste Compost as a Container Growth Medium and Nitrogen Source

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 485C-485
Author(s):  
Rita L. Hummel ◽  
Shiou Kuo ◽  
Diane Winters ◽  
Eric Jellum
Keyword(s):  
Growth Medium ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Tagetes Patula ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Greenhouse Production ◽  
Fish Waste ◽  
N Source ◽  
Growing Medium

A fish waste/hemlock-fi r sawdust compost (FWC) was evaluated as a container growth medium and N source for the greenhouse production of marigold (Tagetes patula `Queen Sophia') and geranium (Pelargonium xhortorum `Sprinter Scarlet') in 10-cm containers. Treatments were a factorial set of three Douglasfir bark (B)/three FWC mixtures (100% FWC; 50% FWC/50% B; 100% B) and three rates of N fertilizer (0, 300 and 600 ppm N) applied every 2 weeks. After the initial irrigation, plants were drip-irrigated to negate leaching from the containers. Weekly measurements of leachate conductivity, pH, and inorganic N were made on additional replications of the 0-ppm N plants in all growing media. Plant height and width were measured at 2-week intervals and, at the end of the production cycle, flower number, shoot fresh and dry weight, visual quality, and root dry weight were measured. The growing medium by N interaction was significant for all variables. Results indicated that plants receiving 0 ppm N in 100% FWC were larger and of higher quality than plants in 100% B receiving 600 ppm N. In 100% FWC, marigold shoot growth, dry weight, and quality were not influenced by N rate. The observed geranium and marigold growth response indicated that FWC was an effective N source and growing medium when leaching was minimized with drip irrigation.

Amino acids are a nitrogen source for sugarcane

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry Vinall ◽  
Susanne Schmidt ◽  
Richard Brackin ◽  
Prakash Lakshmanan ◽  
Nicole Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Axenic Culture ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Soil Culture ◽  
Sterile Culture ◽  
N Sources ◽  
Experimental Systems ◽  
N Source

Organic forms of nitrogen (ON) represent potential N sources for crops and an alternative to inorganic N (IN, ammonium nitrate). Sugarcane soils receive organic harvest residues (~40–100 kg ON ha–1), but it is unknown whether ON is a direct N source for crops. We investigated whether sugarcane can use organic monomers in the form of amino acids and whether the use of amino acids as a N source results in distinct metabolic or morphological change when compared with use of inorganic N (IN). Plantlets cultivated in sterile culture and young plants grown in non-sterile soil culture were supplied with IN, ON (five amino acids present in sugarcane soils), or combined IN and ON. All treatments resulted in similar biomass and N content indicating that sugarcane has a well developed capacity to use ON and confirms findings in other species. ON-supplied plants in axenic culture had increased total branch root length per unit primary root axis which has not been reported previously. In both experimental systems, ON supplied plants had increased asparagine concentrations suggesting altered N metabolism. Root of ON-supplied soil-grown plants had significantly reduced nitrate concentrations. We interpret the shift from nitrate to asparagine as indicative of N form use other than or in addition to nitrate by sugarcane. N metabolite profiling could advance knowledge of crop N sources and this will aid in development of N efficient cropping systems with a reduced N pollution footprint.

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