Foreign trade and investment in Guangxi: A comparative analysis

The Grupo Andino (also known as the Andean Common Market (or ANCOM), Acuerdo de Cartagena, and the Andean Pact) is an organization for the economic integration of the five South American countries located in the central and northern parts of the massive Andean mountain range. The present members of the organization are Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela. Originally, when the Grupo Andino was established by means of a treaty known as the Cartagena Agreement (Acuerdo de Cartagena) in 1969, Chile was one of the founding members, whereas Venezuela abstained from joining the organization until 1973. As Chile began to develop a more flexible foreign trade and investment policy in the middle 1970's than was acceptable to the other Grupo Andino countries, it gradually withdrew from the organization's activities, and finally ceased to be a member in late 1976.

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Foreign trade and investment

Economic Change in China, c.1800–1950 ◽

10.1017/cbo9781139171229.010 ◽

1999 ◽

pp. 40-53

Keyword(s):

Foreign Trade ◽

Trade And Investment

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Linguo-legal convergence: foreign trade discourse

Юридические исследования ◽

10.25136/2409-7136.2020.2.31376 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 44-58

Author(s):

Ramu Beyukhanovich Gyul’verdiev

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Foreign Trade ◽

Comparative Methods ◽

Integration Policy ◽

Translation Strategies ◽

Legal Translation ◽

Cognitive Study ◽

Detailed Work ◽

Representation Of Knowledge

The expansion of international contacts and integration policy of Russian mainstream the question of development of linguistic grounds for effective interlingual communication, thus special attention is given to the problem of building nominative field of frame-scenario of linguo-legal convergence as a type of linguocultural concept, which main purpose consists in systematization and substantiation of a set of translation strategies. Based on the analysis of the models of representation of knowledge, it would contain the results of identification of national-cultural and mental specifics of language structures. Multi-aspect examination of the problems of legal translation justifies utilization of complex methodology that includes linguo-legal, linguo-culturological and comparative analysis. The author also applies statistical, comparative-legal and comparative methods in studying the foreign practice, scientific works, business documentation, which allow formulating and introducing recommendations aimed and increasing effectiveness and optimization of activity in the indicated sphere. The conclusion is made that the frame-scenario may significantly assist in translation of contracts as a results of time-consuming and detailed work of the translators-interpreters, which would integrate the ontological properties of the meaning of text. The author determines the key trajectories of cognitive study of linguo-legal convergence in the foreign trade discourse.  

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CUSTOMS VALUE CALCULATION PROBLEMS AMID FOREIGN TRADE ACCOUNTING, TAXATION HARMONIZATION AND USING INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES

Socio World Social Research & Behavioral Sciences ◽

10.36962/swd0101202027 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 01 (01) ◽

pp. 27-31

Author(s):

Mykhailo Vasyliev ◽

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Foreign Trade ◽

Value Added ◽

Value Added Tax ◽

Innovative Technologies ◽

Current State

The article is dedicated to the research of customs value calculation problems amid foreign trade accounting and taxation harmonization current state. Comparative analysis of customs value and historical costs was made. Main differences, characterizing each of the categories for its characteristics, were revealed. Measures to help improve the process of customs value calculation were offered. Ways to improve current legislation to further foreign trade accounting and taxation harmonization were defined. We suggested to use innovative technologies for solving problem. Keywords: foreign trade, customs value, customs control, customs duties, historical costs, value added tax

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Crisis in Bilateral Economic Cooperation between Russia and Spain

Outlines of global transformations politics economics law ◽

10.23932/2542-0240-2021-14-3-11 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 189-208

Author(s):

K. A. Nikulin

Keyword(s):

Foreign Trade ◽

Bilateral Trade ◽

Point Of View ◽

Total Trade ◽

Economic Relations ◽

Goods And Services ◽

Trade Turnover ◽

Economic Interaction ◽

Economic Partnership ◽

Trade And Investment

The article examines the dynamics and features of the trade and economic partnership between Spain and Russia from 2014 to the present, considering the latest challenges. The once promising trajectory of the development of bilateral trade and mutual investment has undergone significant tests: in addition to the sanctions pressure of the collective West countries, the situation has been complicated by the global crisis in the world economy, significant changes in world markets for goods and services, and the COVID-19 pandemic. In these conditions, the study of indicators of Russian-Spanish trade and economic interaction is of interest both from the point of view of forming a forecast for the development of bilateral economic relations and highlighting those industries towards which the emphasis in trade and investment is gradually shifting. The question arises: is it possible to return to the indicators of bilateral trade and investment inherent in Russian-Spanish economic relations before the imposition of sanctions? The data on the bilateral trade presented by the Russian and Spanish national statistics differ insignificantly in terms of the total trade turnover but have severe differences at the level of the trade balance. Based on both countries’ statistical databases, the author of the article presents the possible reasons for such discrepancies and considers the general dynamics of the state of foreign trade between Russia and Spain. In addition to stating the negative trends in foreign trade, there are problems in investment cooperation, which until recently was considered one of the “strongholds” of bilateral cooperation under the pressure of sanctions.

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Market size and foreign trade as determinants of national competitiveness sustainability

Economics of Sustainable Development ◽

10.5937/esd2001025j ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 25-33

Author(s):

Milica Jovanović ◽

Aleksandar Đorđević

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Foreign Trade ◽

Foreign Market ◽

The Other ◽

Market Size ◽

Manufacturing Companies ◽

Large Market ◽

National Competitiveness ◽

National Market ◽

Small Market

Market size in many ways determines the national competitiveness of an economy. If there is a large national market, it is a source of demand for manufacturing companies. There are cases where the national economy has a large market and a weak industry, e.g. Russia, while on the other hand, Switzerland, which has a small market size, compensates that with productivity and exports to other markets. Market size and foreign trade complement each other in influencing the sustainability of national competitiveness. If there is a large market and insufficient industry to meet the demand in that market, it is necessary to import the products and satisfy the needs of the domestic market. However, the small national market and the production of a large quantity of products that it cannot absorb requires export to other markets. The paper presents a comparative analysis of the competitiveness of Serbia and countries in the region, and their indices of market sizes, which include, but are not limited to, foreign market percentages and exports. Certainly, both determinants significantly affect national competitiveness and its sustainability.

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