scholarly journals Is N = 2 Large?

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryuichiro Kitano ◽  
Norikazu Yamada ◽  
Masahito Yamazaki
Keyword(s):  
Continuum Limit ◽  
Vacuum Energy ◽  
Spontaneous Breaking ◽  
Topological Information ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
Yang Mills ◽  
Topological Excitations ◽  
Dimensionless Coefficient ◽  
Cp Symmetry ◽  
The Continuum

Abstract We study θ dependence of the vacuum energy for the 4d SU(2) pure Yang-Mills theory by lattice numerical simulations. The response of topological excitations to the smearing procedure is investigated in detail, in order to extract topological information from smeared gauge configurations. We determine the first two coefficients in the θ expansion of the vacuum energy, the topological susceptibility χ and the first dimensionless coefficient b2, in the continuum limit. We find consistency of the SU(2) results with the large N scaling. By analytic continuing the number of colors, N , to non-integer values, we infer the phase diagram of the vacuum structure of SU(N) gauge theory as a function of N and θ. Based on the numerical results, we provide quantitative evidence that 4d SU(2) Yang-Mills theory at θ = π is gapped with spontaneous breaking of the CP symmetry.

scholarly journals Large N scaling and factorization in SU(N) Yang-Mills theory

2018 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 11018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel García Vera ◽  
Rainer Sommer
Keyword(s):  
Lattice Spacing ◽  
Continuum Limit ◽  
Finite Lattice ◽  
Gradient Flow ◽  
Scaling Up ◽  
Wilson Loops ◽  
Yang Mills ◽  
Large N ◽  
The Continuum

We present results for Wilson loops smoothed with the Yang-Mills gradient flow and matched through the scale t0. They provide renormalized and precise operators allowing to test the 1/N2 scaling both at finite lattice spacing and in the continuum limit. Our results show an excellent scaling up to 1/N = 1/3. Additionally, we obtain a very precise non-perturbative confirmation of factorization in the large N limit.

MATRIX REGULARIZATION OF N = 4 SYM ON R × S3

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (14n15) ◽  
pp. 2199-2200 ◽  
Author(s):  
GORO ISHIKI
Keyword(s):  
Gauge Symmetry ◽  
Plane Wave ◽  
Regularization Method ◽  
Ward Identity ◽  
Continuum Limit ◽  
Beta Function ◽  
Yang Mills ◽  
Planar Limit ◽  
Matrix Regularization ◽  
The Continuum

We revealed a relationship between the plane wave matrix model (PWMM) and N =4 super Yang-Mills (SYM) theory on R × S3: N =4 SYM on R × S3 is equivalent to the theory around a certain vacuum of PWMM. It is suggested from this relation that N =4 SYM on R × S3 is regularized by PWMM in the planar limit. Because PWMM originally possesses the gauge symmetry and SU(2|4) symmetry, this regularization also preserves these symmetries. In order to check the validity of this matrix regularization method, we calculate the Ward identity and the beta function at the 1-loop level. We find that the Ward identity is satisfied and the beta function vanishes in the continuum limit. The former result is consistent with the gauge symmetry of PWMM. The latter suggests the possibility that the conformal symmety is restored in the continuum limit.

scholarly journals Supermultiplets of the N=1 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory in the continuum limit

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro Giudice ◽  
Georg Bergner ◽  
Istvan Montvay ◽  
Gernot Münster ◽  
Stefano Piemonte
Keyword(s):  
Continuum Limit ◽  
Yang Mills ◽  
The Continuum

scholarly journals LATTICE FORMULATION OF SUPERSYMMETRIC YANG–MILLS THEORIES WITHOUT FINE TUNING

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 2841-2855 ◽  
Author(s):  
NOBUHITO MARU ◽  
JUN NISHIMURA
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Reduction ◽  
Continuum Limit ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Majorana Fermion ◽  
Dirac Fermion ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Yang Mills ◽  
Gauge Anomaly ◽  
The Continuum

We consider an application of the overlap formalism to supersymmetric Yang–Mills theory in three dimensions. We extend the overlap formalism for 3D Dirac fermion to Majorana fermion and show that the parity invariance is exactly preserved, which ensures that the continuum limit is supersymmetric without fine tuning. For SU (N) gauge group, N must be taken to be even in order to make the theory free from global gauge anomaly. We also discuss how to obtain two-dimensional super Yang–Mills theory from the 3D theory through dimensional reduction on the lattice.

scholarly journals Ergodic sampling of the topological charge using the density of states

2021 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Cossu ◽  
David Lancaster ◽  
Biagio Lucini ◽  
Roberto Pellegrini ◽  
Antonio Rago
Keyword(s):  
Density Of States ◽  
Topological Charge ◽  
Lattice Spacing ◽  
Continuum Limit ◽  
Scaling Properties ◽  
Yang Mills ◽  
Autocorrelation Time ◽  
Firm Evidence ◽  
Sizeable Reduction ◽  
The Continuum

AbstractIn lattice calculations, the approach to the continuum limit is hindered by the severe freezing of the topological charge, which prevents ergodic sampling in configuration space. In order to significantly reduce the autocorrelation time of the topological charge, we develop a density of states approach with a smooth constraint and use it to study SU(3) pure Yang Mills gauge theory near the continuum limit. Our algorithm relies on simulated tempering across a range of couplings, which guarantees the decorrelation of the topological charge and ergodic sampling of topological sectors. Particular emphasis is placed on testing the accuracy, efficiency and scaling properties of the method. In their most conservative interpretation, our results provide firm evidence of a sizeable reduction of the exponent z related to the growth of the autocorrelation time as a function of the inverse lattice spacing.

Instability and Collapse in Discrete Wave Equations

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-241
Author(s):  
A. Carpio ◽  
G. Duro
Keyword(s):  
Continuum Limit ◽  
Wave Equations ◽  
Numerical Solutions ◽  
Blow Up ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Initial States ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Continuum

AbstractUnstable growth phenomena in spatially discrete wave equations are studied. We characterize sets of initial states leading to instability and collapse and obtain analytical predictions for the blow-up time. The theoretical predictions are con- trasted with the numerical solutions computed by a variety of schemes. The behavior of the systems in the continuum limit and the impact of discreteness and friction are discussed.

scholarly journals From Center-Vortex Ensembles to the Confining Flux Tube

Universe ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 253
Author(s):  
David R. Junior ◽  
Luis E. Oxman ◽  
Gustavo M. Simões
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
String Tension ◽  
Effective Field ◽  
Scaling Properties ◽  
Flux Tubes ◽  
Topological Solitons ◽  
Yang Mills ◽  
Center Vortex ◽  
Asymptotic Scaling ◽  
The Continuum

In this review, we discuss the present status of the description of confining flux tubes in SU(N) pure Yang–Mills theory in terms of ensembles of percolating center vortices. This is based on three main pillars: modeling in the continuum the ensemble components detected in the lattice, the derivation of effective field representations, and contrasting the associated properties with Monte Carlo lattice results. The integration of the present knowledge about these points is essential to get closer to a unified physical picture for confinement. Here, we shall emphasize the last advances, which point to the importance of including the non-oriented center-vortex component and non-Abelian degrees of freedom when modeling the center-vortex ensemble measure. These inputs are responsible for the emergence of topological solitons and the possibility of accommodating the asymptotic scaling properties of the confining string tension.

Coupled dynamics of populations supported by discrete sites and their continuum limit

2010 ◽  
Vol 466 (2121) ◽  
pp. 2561-2586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy R. Field ◽  
Robert J. A. Tough
Keyword(s):  
Evolution Equation ◽  
Closed Form ◽  
Generating Function ◽  
Rate Equation ◽  
Continuum Limit ◽  
Infinite Chain ◽  
Migration Process ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Continuum ◽  
Birth Death

The illumination of single population behaviour subject to the processes of birth, death and immigration has provided a basis for the discussion of the non-Gaussian statistical and temporal correlation properties of scattered radiation. As a first step towards the modelling of its spatial correlations, we consider the populations supported by an infinite chain of discrete sites, each subject to birth, death and immigration and coupled by migration between adjacent sites. To provide some motivation, and illustrate the techniques we will use, the migration process for a single particle on an infinite chain of sites is introduced and its diffusion dynamics derived. A certain continuum limit is identified and its properties studied via asymptotic analysis. This forms the basis of the multi-particle model of a coupled population subject to single site birth, death and immigration processes, in addition to inter-site migration. A discrete rate equation is formulated and its generating function dynamics derived. This facilitates derivation of the equations of motion for the first- and second-order cumulants, thus generalizing the earlier results of Bailey through the incorporation of immigration at each site. We present a novel matrix formalism operating in the time domain that enables solution of these equations yielding the mean occupancy and inter-site variances in the closed form. The results for the first two moments at a single time are used to derive expressions for the asymptotic time-delayed correlation functions, which relates to Glauber’s analysis of an Ising model. The paper concludes with an analysis of the continuum limit of the birth–death–immigration–migration process in terms of a path integral formalism. The continuum rate equation and evolution equation for the generating function are developed, from which the evolution equation of the mean occupancy is derived, in this limit. Its solution is provided in closed form.

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