Ginsenoside F1 attenuates lipid accumulation and triglycerides content in 3T3-L1 adipocytes with the modulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production through PPAR-γ/JAK2 signaling responses

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a central role in plant immune responses. The most important virulence factors of the Stagonospora nodorum Berk. are multiple fungal necrotrophic effectors (NEs) (SnTox) that affect the redox-status and cause necrosis and/or chlorosis in wheat lines possessing dominant susceptibility genes (Snn). However, the effect of NEs on ROS generation at the early stages of infection has not been studied. We studied the early stage of infection of various wheat genotypes with S nodorum isolates -Sn4VD, SnB, and Sn9MN, carrying a different set of NE genes. Our results indicate that all three NEs of SnToxA, SnTox1, SnTox3 significantly contributed to cause disease, and the virulence of the isolates depended on their differential expression in plants (Triticum aestivum L.). The Tsn1–SnToxA, Snn1–SnTox1and Snn3–SnTox3 interactions played an important role in inhibition ROS production at the initial stage of infection. The Snn3–SnTox3 inhibited ROS production in wheat by affecting NADPH-oxidases, peroxidases, superoxide dismutase and catalase. The Tsn1–SnToxA inhibited ROS production in wheat by affecting peroxidases and catalase. The Snn1–SnTox1 inhibited the production of ROS in wheat by mainly affecting a peroxidase. Collectively, these results show that the inverse gene-for gene interactions between effector of pathogen and product of host sensitivity gene suppress the host’s own PAMP-triggered immunity pathway, resulting in NE-triggered susceptibility (NETS). These results are fundamentally changing our understanding of the development of this economical important wheat disease.

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Production and scavenging of reactive oxygen species both affect reproductive success in male and female Drosophila melanogaster

Biogerontology ◽

10.1007/s10522-021-09922-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Biz R. Turnell ◽

Luisa Kumpitsch ◽

Klaus Reinhardt

Keyword(s):

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Cellular Aging ◽

Ros Production ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Wild Type ◽

Ros Scavenging ◽

Respiratory Pathway ◽

Male And Female

AbstractSperm aging is accelerated by the buildup of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which cause oxidative damage to various cellular components. Aging can be slowed by limiting the production of mitochondrial ROS and by increasing the production of antioxidants, both of which can be generated in the sperm cell itself or in the surrounding somatic tissues of the male and female reproductive tracts. However, few studies have compared the separate contributions of ROS production and ROS scavenging to sperm aging, or to cellular aging in general. We measured reproductive fitness in two lines of Drosophila melanogaster genetically engineered to (1) produce fewer ROS via expression of alternative oxidase (AOX), an alternative respiratory pathway; or (2) scavenge fewer ROS due to a loss-of-function mutation in the antioxidant gene dj-1β. Wild-type females mated to AOX males had increased fecundity and longer fertility durations, consistent with slower aging in AOX sperm. Contrary to expectations, fitness was not reduced in wild-type females mated to dj-1β males. Fecundity and fertility duration were increased in AOX and decreased in dj-1β females, indicating that female ROS levels may affect aging rates in stored sperm and/or eggs. Finally, we found evidence that accelerated aging in dj-1β sperm may have selected for more frequent mating. Our results help to clarify the relative roles of ROS production and ROS scavenging in the male and female reproductive systems.

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Reactive oxygen species rescue regeneration after silencing the MAPK–ERK signaling pathway in Schmidtea mediterranea

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-79588-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

V. Jaenen ◽

S. Fraguas ◽

K. Bijnens ◽

M. Heleven ◽

T. Artois ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Signaling Pathway ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Light Therapy ◽

Erk Signaling ◽

Model Organisms ◽

Ros Production ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Planarian Regeneration ◽

Egfr Signaling Pathway

AbstractDespite extensive research on molecular pathways controlling the process of regeneration in model organisms, little is known about the actual initiation signals necessary to induce regeneration. Recently, the activation of ERK signaling has been shown to be required to initiate regeneration in planarians. However, how ERK signaling is activated remains unknown. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are well-known early signals necessary for regeneration in several models, including planarians. Still, the probable interplay between ROS and MAPK/ERK has not yet been described. Here, by interfering with major mediators (ROS, EGFR and MAPK/ERK), we were able to identify wound-induced ROS, and specifically H2O2, as upstream cues in the activation of regeneration. Our data demonstrate new relationships between regeneration-related ROS production and MAPK/ERK activation at the earliest regeneration stages, as well as the involvement of the EGFR-signaling pathway. Our results suggest that (1) ROS and/or H2O2 have the potential to rescue regeneration after MEK-inhibition, either by H2O2-treatment or light therapy, (2) ROS and/or H2O2 are required for the activation of MAPK/ERK signaling pathway, (3) the EGFR pathway can mediate ROS production and the activation of MAPK/ERK during planarian regeneration.

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Somatic production of reactive oxygen species does not predict its production in sperm cells across Drosophila melanogaster lines

BMC Research Notes ◽

10.1186/s13104-021-05550-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Biz R. Turnell ◽

Luisa Kumpitsch ◽

Anne-Cécile Ribou ◽

Klaus Reinhardt

Keyword(s):

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Future Research ◽

Ros Production ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Loss Of Function ◽

Wild Type ◽

Ros Scavenging ◽

Transport Chain

Abstract Objective Sperm ageing has major evolutionary implications but has received comparatively little attention. Ageing in sperm and other cells is driven largely by oxidative damage from reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by the mitochondria. Rates of organismal ageing differ across species and are theorized to be linked to somatic ROS levels. However, it is unknown whether sperm ageing rates are correlated with organismal ageing rates. Here, we investigate this question by comparing sperm ROS production in four lines of Drosophila melanogaster that have previously been shown to differ in somatic mitochondrial ROS production, including two commonly used wild-type lines and two lines with genetic modifications standardly used in ageing research. Results Somatic ROS production was previously shown to be lower in wild-type Oregon-R than in wild-type Dahomey flies; decreased by the expression of alternative oxidase (AOX), a protein that shortens the electron transport chain; and increased by a loss-of-function mutation in dj-1β, a gene involved in ROS scavenging. Contrary to predictions, we found no differences among these four lines in the rate of sperm ROS production. We discuss the implications of our results, the limitations of our study, and possible directions for future research.

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