scholarly journals 10 Jahre Nationales Referenzzentrum für Hepatitis-B-Viren und Hepatitis-D-Viren in Gießen: Tätigkeiten und Erfahrungen

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter Glebe ◽  
Felix Lehmann ◽  
Nora Goldmann ◽  
Annika Giese ◽  
Yassine Hida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis D ◽  
Niedergelassene Ärzte

ZusammenfassungDas Nationale Referenzzentrum (NRZ) für Hepatitis-B-Viren (HBV) und Hepatitis-D-Viren (HDV) befindet sich seit seiner Gründung und Berufung im Jahr 2011 am Institut für Medizinische Virologie der Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (JLU). In diesem Beitrag werden die Tätigkeitsbereiche des NRZ und die damit verbundenen Erfahrungen beschrieben.Das NRZ bietet eine umfassende Beratungstätigkeit zu allen diagnostischen und klinischen Aspekten der akuten und chronischen Infektion mit HBV und HDV für den Öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienst (ÖGD), diagnostische Laboratorien, Kliniken, Forschungsinstitute und niedergelassene Ärzte. Unklare diagnostische Befunde können mit der am NRZ etablierten HBV/HDV-Spezialdiagnostik unter Verwendung von aktuellen molekularbiologischen, biochemischen und genetischen Untersuchungsmethoden analysiert, interpretiert und epidemiologische Zusammenhänge aufgeklärt werden. Das NRZ kann dabei auf eine umfangreiche Stammsammlung von vielen gut charakterisierten und klonierten HBV/HDV-Isolaten zurückgreifen, die eine vergleichende Analyse und Bewertung von antiviralen Resistenzmutationen und Immunescape-Varianten zulässt. Das NRZ initiiert und begleitet mit seinen nationalen und internationalen Partnerinstitutionen unter anderem Ringversuche zur Diagnostik der HBV-Resistenz, einschließlich Immunescape, zur Entwicklung und Validierung von internationalen Standards der Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) und zur Optimierung der quantitativen HDV-Genombestimmung. Das NRZ beteiligt sich aktiv an aktuellen Empfehlungen und Leitlinien zu HBV und HDV sowie an Empfehlungen von medizinischen Fachgesellschaften. Es weist mit Beiträgen in Form von nationalen und internationalen Vorträgen sowie mit Originalarbeiten und Kommentaren in nationalen und internationalen Journalen auf aktuelle HBV/HDV-relevante Aspekte hin.

scholarly journals Hepatitis D virus in 2021: virology, immunology and new treatment approaches for a difficult-to-treat disease

Gut ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. gutjnl-2020-323888
Author(s):  
Stephan Urban ◽  
Christoph Neumann-Haefelin ◽  
Pietro Lampertico
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Interferon Α ◽  
T Cell Epitopes ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Hepatitis D ◽  
Hepatitis D Virus

Approximately 5% of individuals infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) are coinfected with hepatitis D virus (HDV). Chronic HBV/HDV coinfection is associated with an unfavourable outcome, with many patients developing liver cirrhosis, liver failure and eventually hepatocellular carcinoma within 5–10 years. The identification of the HBV/HDV receptor and the development of novel in vitro and animal infection models allowed a more detailed study of the HDV life cycle in recent years, facilitating the development of specific antiviral drugs. The characterisation of HDV-specific CD4+ and CD8+T cell epitopes in untreated and treated patients also permitted a more precise understanding of HDV immunobiology and possibly paves the way for immunotherapeutic strategies to support upcoming specific therapies targeting viral or host factors. Pegylated interferon-α has been used for treating HDV patients for the last 30 years with only limited sustained responses. Here we describe novel treatment options with regard to their mode of action and their clinical effectiveness. Of those, the entry-inhibitor bulevirtide (formerly known as myrcludex B) received conditional marketing authorisation in the European Union (EU) in 2020 (Hepcludex). One additional drug, the prenylation inhibitor lonafarnib, is currently under investigation in phase III clinical trials. Other treatment strategies aim at targeting hepatitis B surface antigen, including the nucleic acid polymer REP2139Ca. These recent advances in HDV virology, immunology and treatment are important steps to make HDV a less difficult-to-treat virus and will be discussed.

scholarly journals Changing epidemiology and viral interplay of hepatitis B, C and D among injecting drug user-dominant prisoners in Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Ying Lu ◽  
Chun-Ting Chen ◽  
Yu-Lueng Shih ◽  
Pei-Chien Tsai ◽  
Meng-Hsuan Hsieh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Hepatitis D ◽  
Hcv Genotypes ◽  
Hbsag Carriers ◽  
Treatment Naïve ◽  
Hdv Infection ◽  
Hbsag Seropositivity

AbstractThe spreading of viral hepatitis among injecting drug users (IDU) is an emerging public health concern. This study explored the prevalence and the risks of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis D virus (HDV) among IDU-dominant prisoners in Taiwan. HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), antibodies to HCV (anti-HCV) and HDV (anti-HDV), viral load and HCV genotypes were measured in 1137(67.0%) of 1697 prisoners. 89.2% of participants were IDUs and none had HIV infection. The prevalence of HBsAg, anti-HCV, dual HBsAg/anti-HCV, HBsAg/anti-HDV, and triple HBsAg/anti-HCV/anti-HDV was 13.6%, 34.8%, 4.9%, 3.4%, and 2.8%, respectively. HBV viremia rate was significantly lower in HBV/HCV-coinfected than HBV mono-infected subjects (66.1% versus 89.9%, adjusted odds ratio/95% confidence intervals [aOR/CI] = 0.27/0.10–0.73). 47.5% anti-HCV-seropositive subjects (n = 396) were non-viremic, including 23.2% subjects were antivirals-induced. The predominant HCV genotypes were genotype 6(40.9%), 1a(24.0%) and 3(11.1%). HBsAg seropositivity was negatively correlated with HCV viremia among the treatment naïve HCV subjects (44.7% versus 72.4%, aOR/CI = 0.27/0.13–0.58). Anti-HCV seropositivity significantly increased the risk of anti-HDV-seropositivity among HBsAg carriers (57.1% versus 7.1%, aOR/CI = 15.73/6.04–40.96). In conclusion, IUDs remain as reservoirs for multiple hepatitis viruses infection among HIV-uninfected prisoners in Taiwan. HCV infection increased the risk of HDV infection but suppressed HBV replication in HBsAg carriers. An effective strategy is mandatory to control the epidemic in this high-risk group.

Chronic Hepatitis D Virus (HDV) Infection in Hepatitis B Virus Carrier Chimpanzees Experimentally Superinfected with HDV

1988 ◽  
Vol 158 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Negro ◽  
K. F. Bergmann ◽  
B. M. Baroudy ◽  
W. C. Satterfield ◽  
H. Popper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis D ◽  
Hepatitis D Virus ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus Carrier ◽  
Hdv Infection ◽  
Virus Carrier

scholarly journals Viral hepatitis associated hepatocellular carcinoma on the African continent, the past, present, and future: a systematic review

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ottovon Bismark Dakurah ◽  
Cynthia Raissa Tchuem Tamandjou ◽  
Moleen Zunza ◽  
Wolfgang Preiser ◽  
Tongai Gibson Maponga
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
African Continent ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Hepatitis D ◽  
The Past ◽  
B Virus

Abstract Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in Africa. In Africa, the major causes of HCC include chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV). Knowledge of the changes in the incidence of viral hepatitis-associated HCC over time and the factors responsible for such changes is key in informing policies for the prevention of viral hepatitis-associated HCC in Africa. Aim The study aimed to systematically summarize the changes in the prevalence of viral hepatitis among HCC patients and the overall effect of the prevalence of viral hepatitis on the incidence of HCC over the past four decades in Africa (1980–2019). Methods A literature search was conducted in MEDLINE (PubMed), Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, and African wide web for articles published on viral hepatitis-associated HCC in Africa from 1980 to 2019. The abstracts of the articles were screened for eligibility and those meeting the inclusion criteria were retrieved and reviewed. Results A total of 272 studies were included in the analysis. Viral hepatitis-related HCC incidence changed by 1.17% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.63–1.71, p < 0.001), 0.82% (95% CI: 0.45–1.18, p < 0.001), and 3.34% (95% CI: 2.44–4.25, p < 0.001) for every 1% change in the prevalence of HBV, HCV, and hepatitis D virus (HDV) respectively, per decade. The incidence of HBV-related HCC decreased by − 0.50% (95% CI: − 0.74 – − 0.25, p < 0.001) over the last 40 years, while HCV-related HCC increased. Conclusion Overall, the incidence of viral hepatitis-associated HCC has not declined, mainly due to no decline in the prevalence of HCV, HDV, and the high number of chronic hepatitis B carriers on the African continent. There is an urgent need for the allocation of resources for the implementation of treatment and preventive programs for HBV, HCV, HDV, and HCC in Africa. This systematic review is registered with PROSPERO®, number CRD42020169723.

Hepatitis D outbreak among children in a hepatitis B hyper-endemic settlement in Greenland

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Børresen ◽  
O. R. Olsen ◽  
K. Ladefoged ◽  
B. J. McMahon ◽  
T. Hjuler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis D

scholarly journals Origins and Evolution of Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis D Virus

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. a021360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Littlejohn ◽  
Stephen Locarnini ◽  
Lilly Yuen
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis D ◽  
Hepatitis D Virus ◽  
B Virus

Viral Hepatitis: 1985 Update

1985 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
Saul Krugman
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Hepatitis D ◽  
B Virus

During the past two decades extraordinary advances in hepatitis research have clarified the etiology and natural history of the disease. At least four types of hepatitis have been identified: A, B, D (delta), and non-A, non-B. Hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis D virus (HDV) have been characterized. Serologic tests have been developed to detect the antigens and antibodies associated with these three hepatitis infections. As of the present time, the non-A, non-B viral agents have not been identified. Therefore, non-A, non-B hepatitis is diagnosed by excluding other viral causes of hepatitis, such as hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and others. A recent report indicating that non-A, non-B hepatitis may be caused by a retrovirus, if confirmed, may provide a specific marker of this infection. The course of viral hepatitis is variable; it may be an asymptomatic, anteric infection, or it may be an acute illness characterized by fever, malaise, anorexia, nausea, abdominal pain, and jaundice. Most patients recover completely, but occasionally the infection may be complicated by chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and, occasionally, by a fulminant fatal outcome. This review will be devoted predominantly to a discussion of the diagnostic and prophylactic aspects of hepatitis A and hepatitis B viral infections.

Viral Hepatitis Other than A, B, or C

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadeem Anwar ◽  
Kenneth E. Sherman
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis Virus ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Hepatitis D ◽  
Hepatitis D Virus ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Key Words Hepatitis

Viral hepatitis is a global, although variably distributed, health problem associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Infection with a hepatitis virus leads to acute inflammation and liver cell damage (hepatocyte injury). Such infection may be symptomatic or subclinical and may result in disease resolution, death from fulminant hepatic failure, or development of  a chronic disease state. Whereas the chronic infection with hepatitis B and C accounts for a global burden of more than 500,000,000 cases, the global death rate from all types of hepatitis is approximately 1 million people annually. This review focuses on the virology, epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of hepatitis D and hepatitis E, as well as other viruses associated with hepatitis. Figures show the global distribution of hepatitis D infection, elevation of anti–hepatitis D virus antibodies in hepatitis B/hepatitis D virus coinfection, geographic distribution of hepatitis E virus by genotype, factors significant in the pathogenesis of hepatitis E, and pattern of antibody elevation in hepatitis E. The table lists proposed diagnostic criteria for hepatitis E virus. This review contains 5 highly rendered figures, 1 table, and 42 references. Key words: hepatitis D, hepatitis D virus, hepatitis E, hepatitis E virus, non-A hepatitis, non-B hepatitis, non-C hepatitis, viral hepatitis 

scholarly journals A Divergent Hepatitis D-Like Agent in Birds

Viruses ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Wille ◽  
Hans Netter ◽  
Margaret Littlejohn ◽  
Lilly Yuen ◽  
Mang Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis Delta Virus ◽  
Amino Acid Similarity ◽  
Hepatitis D ◽  
Delta Antigen ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Delta Virus

Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is currently only found in humans and is a satellite virus that depends on hepatitis B virus (HBV) envelope proteins for assembly, release, and entry. Using meta-transcriptomics, we identified the genome of a novel HDV-like agent in ducks. Sequence analysis revealed secondary structures that were shared with HDV, including self-complementarity and ribozyme features. The predicted viral protein shares 32% amino acid similarity to the small delta antigen of HDV and comprises a divergent phylogenetic lineage. The discovery of an avian HDV-like agent has important implications for the understanding of the origins of HDV and sub-viral agents.

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