scholarly journals Artificial intelligence in fiction: between narratives and metaphors

AI & Society ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabella Hermann
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Science Fiction ◽  
Real World ◽  
Science Communication ◽  
Humanoid Robots ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Technological Limitations ◽  
Current Potential

AbstractScience-fiction (SF) has become a reference point in the discourse on the ethics and risks surrounding artificial intelligence (AI). Thus, AI in SF—science-fictional AI—is considered part of a larger corpus of ‘AI narratives’ that are analysed as shaping the fears and hopes of the technology. SF, however, is not a foresight or technology assessment, but tells dramas for a human audience. To make the drama work, AI is often portrayed as human-like or autonomous, regardless of the actual technological limitations. Taking science-fictional AI too literally, and even applying it to science communication, paints a distorted image of the technology's current potential and distracts from the real-world implications and risks of AI. These risks are not about humanoid robots or conscious machines, but about the scoring, nudging, discrimination, exploitation, and surveillance of humans by AI technologies through governments and corporations. AI in SF, on the other hand, is a trope as part of a genre-specific mega-text that is better understood as a dramatic means and metaphor to reflect on the human condition and socio-political issues beyond technology.

Living machines in our cultural imagination

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Szollosy
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Science Fiction ◽  
Public Perceptions ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Cultural Imagination ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
The Future ◽  
Public Imagination ◽  
The Human Condition

Public perceptions of robots and artificial intelligence (AI)—both positive and negative—are hopelessly misinformed, based far too much on science fiction rather than science fact. However, these fictions can be instructive, and reveal to us important anxieties that exist in the public imagination, both towards robots and AI and about the human condition more generally. These anxieties are based on little-understood processes (such as anthropomorphization and projection), but cannot be dismissed merely as inaccuracies in need of correction. Our demonization of robots and AI illustrate two-hundred-year-old fears about the consequences of the Enlightenment and industrialization. Idealistic hopes projected onto robots and AI, in contrast, reveal other anxieties, about our mortality—and the transhumanist desire to transcend the limitations of our physical bodies—and about the future of our species. This chapter reviews these issues and considers some of their broader implications for our future lives with living machines.

Marginalia as narratives of ordinary lives: Shaughnessy Bishop-Stall’s Down to This

2021 ◽  
pp. 002198942098111
Author(s):  
Silvia Julia Caporale-Bizzini
Keyword(s):  
Public Perception ◽  
Life Stories ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Personal Journey ◽  
The Public ◽  
Big City ◽  
The Human Condition

This article examines Canadian author Shaughnessy Bishop-Stall’s 2004 memoir Down to This: Squalor and Splendour in a Big-City Shantytown through the notions of marginalia and the ordinary in order to question dichotomic representations of homelessness. It explores how the author moves beyond binaries, interrogating the dichotomy ordinary/out of the ordinary lives by narrating his ethical encounter with the other (Butler, 2004). The text is written as a journal where Bishop-Stall describes his personal journey through homelessness; and more importantly, it gives a voice to the other down-and-out people in notorious Toronto’s Tent City. The characters’ unreliable and fragmented storytelling uncovers the lives of the faceless others. I contend that in Down to This individuals’ life stories are connected to realities which question binaries through the re/mapping of ordinary experiences and affects; they disintegrate the opposition materiality vs abstraction, or as I argue, exclusion vs inclusion (out of the ordinary/ordinary). Down to These bridges the private details of the residents’ life stories, and the public perception of the problem of homelessness, illustrating how everyday moments of precarity intersect with wider political issues. In the process, the narrative also questions the binary attitudes of exclusion (disfranchisement) and inclusion (privilege). This literary strategy gives the constellation of stories a profound illuminating vision of the human condition. I show my point by drawing on the of marginalia (Kistner 2014), and by analysing the characters’ narratives of precariousness through the notions of editing and affective assemblage (Gerlach, 2015; Hamilakis, 2017).

scholarly journals THE ADVANCEMENT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE A WAY TO MAN AND MACHINE IN COMBAT IN TIME MACHINE AND I ROBOT

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-16
Author(s):  
Sumathi R ◽  
Sutharshan V
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Science Fiction ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
The Other ◽  
Time Machine ◽  
General Outline ◽  
Fantasy Fiction ◽  
Research Article ◽  
Future Events

Science fiction has proved notoriously difficult to define. It can be explained as a combination of science and technology and development in robotics in short it can be otherwise called as ‘realistic speculation about future events and a genre based on an imagined alternative to the reader's environment. It has been called a form of fantasy fiction and an historical literature. The paper goes further with two main concepts one with clash between two people of future and the other with advancement of science particularly on robotics. First is about general outline to science fiction in short a (SF) a genre cause problem because itdoes not recognize the hybrid nature of many SF works. It is more helpful to think of it as a mode or field where different genres and subgenres intersect. And then there is the issue of science. In the early decades of the 20th century, a number of writers attempted to tie this fiction to science and event to use it as a means of promoting scientific knowledge, a position which continues into what has become known as ‘hard SF’. The research article is completely based on advancement of science and its effects.

Special Issue on Integrated Knowledge on Innovative Robot Mechanisms

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 845-845
Author(s):  
Naoyuki Takesue ◽  
Koichi Koganezawa ◽  
Kenjiro Tadakuma
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Real World ◽  
Computer Control ◽  
Computer Processing ◽  
Knowledge System ◽  
Mechanical Work ◽  
The Other ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
The Real ◽  
Integrated Knowledge

A robot is a system integrated with many elements such as actuators, sensors, computers, and mechanical components. Currently, progress in the field of artificial intelligence induced by tremendous improvements in computer processing capabilities has enabled robots to behave in a more sophisticated manner, which is drawing considerable attention. On the other hand, the mechanism that directly produces robot movements and mechanical work sometimes brings out some competencies that cannot be provided solely by computer control that relies on sensor feedback. This special issue on “Integrated Knowledge on Innovative Robot Mechanisms” aims to introduce a knowledge system for robot mechanisms that bring forth useful and innovative functions and values. The editors hope that the studies discussed in this special issue will help in the realization and further improvement of the mechanical functions of robots in the real world.

Artificial intelligence and operations research: challenges and opportunities in planning and scheduling

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
CARLA P. GOMES
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Real World ◽  
Operations Research ◽  
Expressive Power ◽  
Combinatorial Problems ◽  
The Other ◽  
Planning And Scheduling ◽  
Functional Programming Languages ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Real World Problems

Both the Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Operations Research (OR) communities are interested in developing techniques for solving hard combinatorial problems, in particular in the domain of planning and scheduling. AI approaches encompass a rich collection of knowledge representation formalisms for dealing with a wide variety of real-world problems. Some examples are constraint programming representations, logical formalisms, declarative and functional programming languages such as Prolog and Lisp, Bayesian models, rule-based formalism, etc. The downside of such rich representations is that in general they lead to intractable problems, and we therefore often cannot use such formalisms for handling realistic size problems. OR, on the other hand, has focused on more tractable representations, such as linear programming formulations. OR-based techniques have demonstrated the ability to identify optimal and locally optimal solutions for well-defined problem spaces. In general, however, OR solutions are restricted to rigid models with limited expressive power. AI techniques, on the other hand, provide richer and more flexible representations of real-world problems, supporting efficient constraint-based reasoning mechanisms as well as mixed initiative frameworks, which allow the human expertise to be in the loop. The challenge lies in providing representations that are expressive enough to describe real-world problems and at the same time guaranteeing good and fast solutions.

scholarly journals Boundaries and Otherness in Science Fiction: We Cannot Escape the Human Condition

Text Matters ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 212-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabella Hermann
Keyword(s):  
Science Fiction ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Social Challenges ◽  
The World ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Border Conflicts ◽  
Real State

The article explores the construction of boundaries, alterity and otherness in modern science-fiction (SF) films. Boundaries, understood as real state borders, territoriality and sovereignty, as well as the construction of the other beyond an imagined border and delimited space, have a significant meaning in the dystopian settings of SF. Even though SF topics are not bound to the contemporary environment, be it of a historical, technical or ethical nature, they do relate to the present-day world and transcend our well-known problems. Therefore, SF offers a pronounced discourse about current social challenges under extreme conditions such as future technological leaps, encounters with the alien other or the end of the world. At the same time the genre enables us to play through future challenges that might really happen. Films like Equilibrium (2002), Code 46 (2003), Children of Men (2006) and District 9 (2009) show that in freely constructed cinematic settings we are not only unable to escape from our border conflicts, but quite the contrary, we take them everywhere with us, even to an alternative present or into the future, where new precarious situations of otherness are constructed.

scholarly journals Avaruudessa konekaan ei kuule huutoasi

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-46
Author(s):  
Pertti Grönholm ◽  
Kimi Kärki
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Science Fiction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ridley Scott ◽  
Stanley Kubrick ◽  
Social Hierarchies ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Intelligent Machine ◽  
The Future ◽  
Science Fiction Films

Artikkelin kirjoittajat tutkivat kolmea tieteiselokuvaa: 2001: Avaruusseikkailu, Pimeä tähti ja Alien – kahdeksas matkustaja, joiden yksi keskeisistä teemoista on älykkään koneen ja ihmisen välinen vuorovaikutus. Kirjoittajat erittelevät elokuvien ihmisten ja koneiden muodostamia suljettuja yhteisöjä, erityisesti keinoälyn ja miehistön suhteita ja dialogia. Kirjoittajat tarkastelevat elokuvia yhtäältä tekijälähtöisesti, keskittyen niiden tulevaisuuskuviin sisältyviin kysymyksiin, varoituksiin ja uhkakuviin sekä toisaalta tarkastelemalla keinoälytematiikkaa suhteessa elokuvien omaan historialliseen kontekstiin.Keinoälytematiikan kautta elokuvantekijät ovat käsitelleet laajoja kysymyksiä, jotka liittyvät ihmisyyden eri puoliin, kuten tiedonjanoon ja uteliaisuuteen, ihmislajin ekspansiivisuuteen, taloudelliseen hyödyn tavoitteluun, väkivaltaisuuteen ja sosiaalisiin valtasuhteisiin. Samalla elokuvat esittävät kysymyksiä koneiden ja ihmisten rajojen hämärtymisestä, toiseuden kokemuksista sekä keinoälyyn liitetyistä pelon, pyhyyden ja kiehtovuuden ja ylevän teemoista.In space, even the machine doesn't hear your scream. The human-AI dialogue in three science fiction films of 1968-1979Grönholm and Kärki research three science fiction films: 2001: A Space Odyssey (Stanley Kubrick, 1968), Dark Star (John Carpenter, 1974), and Alien (Ridley Scott, 1979). They all contain the interaction of the intelligent machine and human as one of their central themes. In particular, the authors analyse the closed communities of the space ships, focusing on the relations and dialogue between the human crew and the Artificial Intelligence (AI). Special emphasis is given to the intentions of the filmmakers – both directors and screenplay writers – and how the questions, warnings and threats about the future were envisioned in each film. On the other hand, the theme of AI itself is also historically contextualized.Furthermore, the authors consider the wider questions these films ask about the nature of humanity: thirst for knowledge, curiosity, expansion of our species, reach for profit, violence, and social hierarchies. Simultaneously, these films also seem to ask questions about the blurring of the boundaries between the human and machine, experiences of otherness, and feelings of fear, sacral, fascination, and sublime that are associated with the AI.

scholarly journals Interaction Between Consumers and Emerging forms of Artificial Intelligence: A Discriminant Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Corina Pelău ◽  
Irina Ene
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Humanoid Robots ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Systems

AbstractThe interaction between consumers and companies has been changed because of the development and implementation of artificial intelligence. On one hand, the implementation of artificial intelligence systems increases the efficiency and rapidity of certain processes, by making the life of consumers and companies easier. On the other hand, their implementation brings certain challenges because of the changes it involves, including the acceptance of artificial intelligence systems by the consumers, the ability to learn how to operate the robots as well as the protection of the information gathered by these systems. In this paper, we aim to measure the acceptance of consumers regarding different forms of artificial intelligence systems. By applying a discriminant analysis, we measure the preference of consumers towards human versus robot interaction as well as between different types of robots with different forms and degrees of anthropomorphic characteristics. The results show that consumers prefer human interaction to the interaction with robots, especially in cases where they are not familiar with the robot interaction. Besides, they prefer the communication to classic robots in comparison to human holograms and they have a certain curiosity towards humanoid robots in opposition to classic robots.

Dystopic Pleasure

2021 ◽  
pp. 234-258
Author(s):  
Deniz Yaman
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Science Fiction ◽  
Human Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Space Theory ◽  
Production Of Space ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Technology ◽  
The One ◽  
Near Future

In the 1980s and 1990s, there were indispensable elements for the science fiction movies: cyborgs. This half-biologic and half-machine species had fully developed intelligence. And there was such a future fiction that appeared in these films that, on the one hand, raised admiration for the technologies that have not yet emerged, and on the other hand raised serious future concerns. The purpose of this study is to discuss the interaction of fear, artificial intelligence, and humans. And it is also aimed to research the way of representation of this interaction via aestheticization. Because of this, The Lawnmower (1992) has been chosen and analyized within the context of Production of Space Theory by Lefebvre. The Lawnmower has an importance about the imagining of dystopic and aesthetic way artificial intelligence technology would affect human life in the near future.

scholarly journals Inteligencia Artificial: Un Futuro Inteligible

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (68) ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
Jorge F. Vidovic
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Intelligence ◽  
Human Relations ◽  
First Order ◽  
The One ◽  
Short Essay ◽  
Film And Literature

As an editorial, this short essay aimed to reflect on the present and future of artificial intelligence, in the context of the pandemic of the new coronavirus. It is based on the hypothesis that observes in artificial intelligence a factor of the first order that has accelerated the technological s processes, which in turn drive continuous improvements in all fields of human action. However, despite its many benefits, it is concluded, on the one hand, that this form of non-human intelligence will increasingly play an important role in all cultural, labour, military and recreational human relations and; on the other hand, that modern and civilized nations therefore have a moral duty to create l eyes that establish mechanisms of regulation and balance between artificial intelligence and human condition, as a condition of possibility so that its widespread use does not become a distinction in the style of what was planted at the time by some sci-fi narratives, in film and literature.

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