scholarly journals Interdependence as the key for an ethical artificial autonomy

AI & Society ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Pianca ◽  
Vieri Giuliano Santucci
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Robotic Systems ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Theoretical Considerations

AbstractCurrently, the autonomy of artificial systems, robotic systems in particular, is certainly one of the most debated issues, both from the perspective of technological development and its social impact and ethical repercussions. While theoretical considerations often focus on scenarios far beyond what can be concretely hypothesized from the current state of the art, the term autonomy is still used in a vague or too general way. This reduces the possibilities of a punctual analysis of such an important issue, thus leading to often polarized positions (naive optimism or unfounded defeatism). The intent of this paper is to clarify what is meant by artificial autonomy, and what are the prerequisites that can allow the attribution of this characteristic to a robotic system. Starting from some concrete examples, we will try to indicate a way towards artificial autonomy that can hold together the advantages of developing adaptive and versatile systems with the management of the inevitable problems that this technology poses both from the viewpoint of safety and ethics. Our proposal is that a real artificial autonomy, especially if expressed in the social context, can only be achieved through interdependence with other social actors (human and otherwise), through continuous exchanges and interactions which, while allowing robots to explore the environment, guarantee the emergence of shared practices, behaviors, and ethical principles, which otherwise could not be imposed with a top-down approach, if not at the price of giving up the same artificial autonomy.

Cognitive Phone for Sensing Human Behavior

2015 ◽  
pp. 1138-1150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Pei ◽  
Robert Guinness ◽  
Jyrki Kaistinen
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Location Information ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Behavior Detection ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Social

A boom of various sensor options gives a mobile phone the capability for sensing the social context and makes a mobile phone an attractive “cognitive” platform, which has great potential to model and cognize human behavior. A review of the history, current state, and future directions of the cognitive phone are outlined in this article. An implementation example of a cognitive phone is presented, and a Location-Motion-Context (LoMoCo) model is introduced, to combine personal location information and motion states to infer a corresponding context. Future possibilities of cognitive phones in behavior detection and change are outlined.

Social Impact in Product Design, An Exploration of Current Industry Practices

2019 ◽  
Vol 142 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew T. Pack ◽  
Emma Rose Phipps ◽  
Christopher A. Mattson ◽  
Eric C. Dahlin
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Product Design ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Life Cycle Assessments ◽  
Government Regulations ◽  
Design Engineers ◽  
The Social

Abstract Though academic research for identifying and considering the social impact of products is emerging, additional insights can be gained from engineers who design products every day. This paper explores current practices in industries used by design engineers to consider the social impact of products. Forty-six individuals from 34 different companies were interviewed to discover what disconnects exist between academia and industry when considering a product’s social impact. These interviews were also used to discover how social impact might be considered in a design setting moving forward. This is not a study to find “the state of the art,” but considers the average engineering professional’s work to design products in various industries. Social impact assessments (SIA) and social life cycle assessments (SLCA) are two of the most common processes discussed in the literature to evaluate social impact, both generally and in products. Interestingly, these processes did not arise in any discussion in interviews, despite respondents affirming that they do consider social impact in the product design. Processes used to predict social impact, rather than simply evaluate, were discussed by the respondents. These tended to be developed within the company and often related to industry imposed government regulations. To build on this study, the findings herein should be further validated for executives, managers, and engineers. A study specific to these roles should be designed to understand the disconnect better. Additionally, processes should be developed to assist engineers in considering the social impact of their products. Work should also be done to help educate engineers and their leaders on the value of considering the social impact in product design.

A framework for measuring the social impact of food allergy across Europe: a EuroPrevall state of the art paper

Allergy ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 733-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. J. De Blok ◽  
B. J. Vlieg-Boerstra ◽  
J. N. G. Oude Elberink ◽  
E. J. Duiverman ◽  
A. DunnGalvin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Allergy ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The Social

scholarly journals The relevance internet users assign to algorithmic-selection applications in everyday life

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Reiss ◽  
Noemi Festic ◽  
Michael Latzer ◽  
Tanja Rüedy
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Social Orientation ◽  
Life Domains ◽  
Social Relevance ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
The Social ◽  
Theoretical Considerations

The rapidly growing academic and public attention to algorithmic-selection applications such as search engines and social media is indicative of their alleged great social relevance and impact on daily life in digital societies. To substantiate these claims, this paper investigates the hitherto little explored subjective relevance that Internet users assign to algorithmic-selection applications in everyday life. A representative online survey of Internet users comparatively reveals the relevance that users ascribe to algorithmic-selection applications and to their online and offline alternatives in five selected life domains: political and social orientation, entertainment, commercial transactions, socializing and health. The results show that people assign a relatively low relevance to algorithmic-selection applications compared to offline alternatives across the five life domains. The findings vary greatly by age and education. Altogether, such outcomes complement and qualify assessments of the social impact of algorithms that are primarily and often solely based on usage data and theoretical considerations.

scholarly journals Estado actual de la Educación Física desde el punto de vista del profesorado. Propuestas de mejora. (Current state of Physical Education from the point of view of teachers. Improvement proposals)

Retos ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Dolors Cañabate Ortíz ◽  
Montse Tesouro Cid. ◽  
Juan Puigggali Allepuz ◽  
María Luisa Zagalaz Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Educational Innovation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Innovación Educativa ◽  
Specialist Teachers ◽  
Learning Professionals

En esta investigación el objectivo es observar la situación de la Educación Física (EF) como disciplina mediante una indagación basada en la experiencia y los conocimientos de los profesionales en activo. Se aplica un cuestionario ad hoc a 36 profesionales en activo (maestros especialistas en EF) que participan en el prácticum de la mención del alumnado de 4º curso del grado de maestro/a de Primaria para que manifiesten los problemas reales de enseñanza, así como la importancia y el impacto social que tiene la EF como materia educativa. Se pretende también compartir diferentes puntos de vista de los profesionales para hacer propuestas para mejorar la formación de los profesionales de EF. Como conclusiones del estudio, se observa que la mayoría optan por la motivación como factor y condición que promueve el éxito de la EF como materia curricular y creen que se debería potenciar el trabajo cooperativo. Las características más valoradas de los profesores y profesoras de EF son: saber trabajar en equipo EF y la utilización de proyectos de innovación educativa, flexibles y adaptados al contexto, lo que supone un aprendizaje significativo. Los profesionales consideran que se debe potenciar la motricidad aplicando metodologías activas, dinámicas y reflexivas y dan mucha importancia al aprendizaje continuo. Por tanto, se proponen cursos de formación y la realización de intercambios de experiencias.Abstract. The present study holds the objective to observe the current state of Physical Education (PE) as a discipline through research based on the experience and the knowledge of active professionals. An ad-hoc questionnaire was completed by 36 active professionals (specialist teachers in PE) who participate in the practicum of majors of PE in the 4th year of Primary Education Bachelor. The instrument intends to bring to light the real problems of teaching, as well as the importance and the social impact that PE has as an educational subject. It also aims to share different points of view of active professionals and make proposals to improve the training of PE professionals. As conclusions of the study, most consider motivation as a factor and condition to promote the success of PE as a curricular subject and believe that cooperative work should be encouraged. The most valued characteristics of PE teachers are: knowing how to work as a PE team and the use of educational innovation projects that are flexible and adapt to the context, resulting in significant learning. Professionals consider that motor skills should be enhanced by applying active, dynamic and reflective methodologies and give great importance to ongoing learning. Therefore, proposals include training courses and exchanges of experiences.

scholarly journals INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUSSIAN EASTERN REGIONS: STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-19
Author(s):  
Tamara Turko ◽  
Dmitriy Popikov ◽  
Natalia Kruchak
Keyword(s):  
Technological Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
Innovation Potential ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Single Integral ◽  
Multidimensional Concept

The world experience of most developed countries shows that the basis of their economic growth is the expansion of the spheres of activity of traditional sectors of the economy through the introduction of innovative technologies. In this regard, an understanding of the trends, characteristics and prospects of scientific and technological development will allow us to determine competitive advantages, identify bottlenecks, and set priorities in the development of long-term strategic documents for the development of not only the economy, but also the social sphere at the level of both the Russian Federation as a whole and individual territories. This, in turn, requires an assessment of the current state, dynamics and main factors of the formation of scientific and innovative potential. Since innovation potential is a multidimensional concept it is necessary, when assessing it and for comparing it between different territories, to bring it to a single integral indicator.

scholarly journals Komplexität von Kaufentscheidungen im touristischen Kontext: Erkenntnisse für andere Dienstleistungsdomänen

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-60
Author(s):  
Christian Laesser ◽  
Thomas Bieger
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Decision Model ◽  
Household Production ◽  
Service Industries ◽  
Purchasing Decisions ◽  
Purchasing Decision ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Tourism Service ◽  
High Degree

Tourist purchasing decisions are multi-layered and complex, due to the combination of a number of special features: (1) Decisions take place at a distance and are therefore risky; (2) Decisions are characterized by portfolio logic with a large number of interdependent and often substitutive partial decisions (often also depending on decisions in the social context, e.g. fellow travelers), (3) tourism production is subject to a household production logic with a high degree of own operations in a highly emotional service context due to the absence of routine. In this paper we briefly summarize the central findings on tourism purchasing decisions based on the current state of literature and present an integrative generic purchasing decision model as a response to the prevailing partial or very specific and not very generalizable overall models. From this we then derive conclusions for (tourism) service industries and other service domains.

Crime Films

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferdinando Spina
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Academic Knowledge ◽  
Crime Films ◽  
Cultural Transformations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Law And Justice ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Film Genres

Cinema, together with television, has proved to be perhaps the most extensive, popular, and powerful medium in the representation of crime. From a criminological point of view, the crime films are all those movies whose central theme is crime and its consequences. The crime films should be defined on the basis of their relationship with society. On one hand, crime films say something important about the social context that they represent and from which they have been fashioned. On the other hand, they themselves have an effect on the social context, since their representation of crime, law, justice, and punishment itself becomes culture, acquires meaning, and provides an interpretation of reality. The approach of criminology to crime films has a series of important theoretical and methodological consequences. It leads to a fundamental enrichment of academic knowledge, for example, regarding the themes to be tackled, the disciplines and research methods to be used, and even the forms of teaching. Indeed, the analysis of crime films can help to better investigate many aspects of the perception and understanding of crime, law, and justice in society. The criminological study of crime requires a multifaceted approach, looking at the changing representation of crime and criminals in relation to the wider political, economic, and cultural transformations, and to the commercial and technological development of the cinematographic industry. The historical and thematic reconstruction of the productive and stylistic cycles of crime films comprehends the gangster, noir, detective, courtroom, and prison film genres. Moreover, this perspective deals with the main reasons for the success of crime films, the elements that influence their production, and finally the thorny topic of the effects of crime films.

Man-Machine Interface with Applications in Mobile Robotic Systems

2007 ◽  
pp. 403-412
Author(s):  
M. Kvasnica
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Assistive Technologies ◽  
Robotic Systems ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
Current State ◽  
Machine Interface ◽  
Man Machine Interface

This article focuses on the current state-of-the-art assistive technologies in man-machine interface and its applications in robotics. This work presents the assistive technologies developed specifically for disabled people.

Distant rehabilitation: the sources, current state-of-the-art, and further prospects

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Sergeevich Snopkov ◽  
K. V Lyadov ◽  
T. V Shapovalenko ◽  
I. V Sidyakina
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Research ◽  
World Literature ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Medical Rehabilitation ◽  
Rehabilitation Centers ◽  
Current State ◽  
Big Cities ◽  
A Priority

Medical rehabilitation is now a priority of the Russian Healthcare [Skvortsova V.I., 2012]. Rehabilitation centers are usually located in big cities and are not available for most patients. Therefore, one of the modern trends in the development of rehabilitation is a distantly controlled rehabilitation. We have developed a program of distant rehabilitation in Russia, based on our own achievements and experience of foreign colleagues. The article provides an overview of methods according to world literature studies. The survey shows that the problem of distant rehabilitation is relevant in our time, and requires additional clinical research and technological development.

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